rally to transact their business with an anuual saving of time and labor, the available value of which is equivalent to the interest of the money borrowed, or stock created; then the expenditure takes nothing from the capital, nor revenue, of the community; and if the available value of the labor, which the improvements enable the community to save annually, exceeds that of the labor requisite to produce the sum necessary to defray the interest of the loan, or stock created; then the expenditure becomes productive, or is an investment of capital, or creation of new capital, to an amount equal to the value of the surplus of the labor it saves, over the value of the labor requisite to produce the means of discharging the annual interest :-Or, if the improvements consist in opening its vacant lands, to the access of settlement and improvement, and facilitating the means of transporting their products to a market, then they impart an additional value to the lands s; and the available excess of this value, over that of the expenditure, is a creation of so much additional public capital. It is not material to the principle, whether this excess of value, or actual increase of capital, is drawn into the public treasury, in the shape of the increased price which may be paid by purchasers for their lands, or by the people generally, in the shape of tolls, or compensation for their individual use of the improvements effected; or whether it remains in the hands of the community who may have received the benefit, as a fund from which they may be better enabled to meet any taxes, which the public exigencies may require at a future time. The increased ability exists somewhere either in the hands of the government or people; and is available when occasion may require.

So it is in individual cases; and the principle may be illustrated in various ways, and its application may be made to various other subjects; but these will suffice.

The different objects of public expenditure, which occur within this State, may be considered separately, as falling un

der the more immediate supervision of the Legislature, local authorities of the several counties, and the inhabitants of the towns respectively, in their corporate capacities. The funds appropriated to them, are received at, and expended directly from, the treasuries of the State, counties and towns respectively; and administered under the immediate control of these respective authorities.

Those expenditures which are within the direct care of the Legislature may be classed, and distinguished, as follows: First. Guardian, or distributive.

To this class belong, 1. The support of the Executive and Legislative departments, including the pay of their members, officers and servants, with all the expenses, permanent and contingent, which pertain to the discharge of their functions. 2. That of the administration of civil and criminal justice; so far as relates to the salaries of the Judges, and a part of the officers of the Supreme Court, and Court of Common Pleas -support of the State Prison-costs in criminal prosecutions, &c. 3. Militia establishment, except so far as is borne by the officers and soldiers, in their personal services, and incidental expenses, of which no account is made. 4. Miscellaneous contingencies.

Second. Productive.

1. Surveys and general management of the concerns and sales of the public lands and timber. 2. Location, opening and maintenance of public roads, generally those connected with the public lands-occasional grants for the support of other public roads, and bridges. 3. Promotion of education, by grants of land, or annuities, to colleges and academies. Third. Unproductive.

1.

Support of paupers. 2. Grants and pensions to, and agencies for the care of the Indians. 3. Pensions and gratuities for services rendered, or injuries sustained in public service. Fourth. Miscellaneous.

The following is an abstract of the amount of disbursements

*

from the State treasury from the first organization of the government to the close of the year 1827, viz.

From the organization of the Government, to the close of the

year 1821.

Pay of the House of Representatives,

33.052.50

Senate,

5.581

3.193.50

20.134.16

14.965.95

Interest on State debt,

Miscellaneous Accounts, 1820,

1.773.32

1.329.91

do.

do. 1821,

Military accounts,

1821,

3.487.92

3.486.53

Court martial at Bucksport,

Pay of Committee on valuation,

1.313.70

2.001.70

Electors of President and Vice President,

182

Pauper accounts,

former Chief J. C. C. C.P.

Commissioners under the act of Separation,

Cumberland,

Lincoln,

Hancock,

Washington,

Oxford,

Kennebeck,

Somerset,

Penobscot,

To Land Agents, per special resolves,

Clerks in Sec'ry. Adj. Gen. and Treas. Offices.

1.466.38

1.947.42

1.446.77

937.57

54.81

1.559.81

215.58

466.50

9.047.23

81.80

337.50

260

65

412

132

40

2.232.01

407.81

83.70

400. 7.259.24

2.579.39

490.29

147.98

1.470.11

114.497.61