CONTENTS. 1 SECTION XXV. Religion. The many Inconveniences from not having an established Church. Anecdotes of a Conjuror, proving the Disadvantages arising from the Want of Education: Great Expence and Difficulty of obtaining it in America. SECTION XXVI. p. 457 Observations on the Soil and Climate. Reusons why Canals, and Improvements in Draining, will not succeed in America. The Difficulty of making Division Fences, planting Quicks, &c. Some Remarks on Diseases. p. 481 SECTION XXVII. Account of Waggons, Carts, Ploughs, Harrows: the Price, &c. p. 490 SECTION XXVIII. Particular Explanations on the Subject of the Author's Opinion respecting Salt Marshes. p. 496 SECTION XXIX. On Emigration; and its Consequences. Anecdotes of a most important Nature, respecting the Impositions and fraudulent Practices connected with this Subject. SECTION XXX. p. 503 Striking and interesting Proofs of the Advantages that England has over America. Lamentable Anecdotes of some Emigrants. p. 574 CONTENTS. Calculations of the greatest Produce from an Acre of Indian Remarks on some disorderly Proceedings. Behaviour of Emi- Remarks on the Use and Exportation of Wheat Flour from America. National Disposition of the Americans. Proof contrary. I have known some men in England maintain that poor land ought to be sown with a large quantity of seed: but let them go to America, and they will soon be convinced of the contrary; for, of all the rich land in Gennesee, Tennesce, Alleghany county, Miamese, &c. there is not any will bear more seed on an acre than four pecks; nor do I believe the highest produce to be above fifteen bushels per acre a great part of those lands will not bear wheat at all; and, from all the information I can obtain, they are much of the same nature as the other cultivated parts of America, but fresh land. There is a sameness in all the American land I ever saw-none nearly so good as in England. Barley is very frequently sown in the autumn, which generally yields the greatest produce. The sort of barley sown in the fall is termed in Great-Britain big or beer. The long-eared barley is called springbarley. As to battledore or sprat barley, I never saw any; nor I do not believe there Y is one foot of land in America naturally capable of producing a grain of battledore barley. Of wheat there is an early white kind, very much in use at present; concerning which, it is said that some observant man picked up a single ear that was much earlier than the rest, and that all this has been produced from it. The wheat before that time was what we call red purkey, and is in great use now. There is a sort of bearded wheat which is raised in that country, later in harvest, but not in general use. Oats are some of the Poland kind, and are sold higher than any others. The greater part is what we in England call short smalls but they may be fairly termed long smalls; for of all the productions of America, oats are the worst: in many cases they do not weigh above six stone per sack, fourteen pounds to the stone; and they are of a nasty dingy colour, as if they had had rain; or, when that has not been the case, I believe, a sort of mildew-as the barley frequently catches in America what they term the rust, and we call the mildew. Rye is the same as in England, white and black; is very good in quality, and equal to ours. In general, the soil seems to suit rye. It makes most excellent bread, and as fair as some of our English wheatbread. The rye straw grows longer in proportion than that of any other grain, and nearly to the same length as rye in England; and even an observing man might expect the produce to be nearly the same, but it is not. The produce of wheat I thought from one to ten bushels per acre the average; but Mr. Jefferson says not: in Virginia three bushels and a half; Maryland the same. I am persuaded that from twelve to fifteen bushels is the highest: and I do not think, that, during the time I was in America, I saw fifty acres that had from twelve to fifteen bushels per acre. I have been told of from twenty to thirty, nay as high as a hundred: but I never saw any such. I |