III. ACCENT. I. DEFINITIONS. CCENT is the peculiar force given to one or mōre syllables of a word. A 2. In Words which have two Syllables accented, the more fōrcible accent is called primary, and the less forcible, secondary; as hab-i-TA-tion. Accent & Primary 3. The Mark of Acute Accent ['], heavy, is used to indicate primary accent; light, ['] secondary; as, id'i ot'ic. 4. The Mark of Grave Accent, ['] is here used to indicate, first, that the vowel forms a separate syllable; and, secondly, that the vowel is not an alphabetic equivalent; as, A learned man caught that wingèd thing. Her goodness [not goodniss] moved the roughest [not roughist]. The agèd should not be thoughtless. Require the pupil to give the office of each mark below. EXERCISES IN ACCENT. 1. Hónèst stúdents learn the greátnèss of húmílity. 2. That bléssèd and belóvèd child loves évèry winged thing. 3. The agree'able ar'tisan' made an adʼmirable păr'asŏl' for that beau'tiful Russian (rush'an) la'dy. 4. No'tice the marks of ae'çent and al'ways accent' correct'ly words that should have but one ac'cent, as in senʼsible, vagaʼry, cir'cumstances, difficulty, in'teresting, etc. 5. Costúme, mánnèrs, ríchès, cívilizátion, have no pérmanènt ínterèst for him. His héedlèssnèss offénds his trúest friends. 6. In a crowded life, or in the obscúrèst hámlèt, the same blésséd élemènts óffer the same rich chóicès to each new cómer. II. WORDS DISTINGUISHED BY ACCENT. MANY Words, or parts of speech, having the same form, are distinguished by accent alone. Nouns and adjectives are often thus distinguished from vērbs, and, in a few dissyllables, from each other. EXAMPLES. 1. Note the mark of ac'cent, and accent' the right syllable. 2. Perfume' the room with rich per'fume. 3. My in'crease is taken to increase' your wealth. 4. Desert' us not in the desʼert. 5. If they reprimand' that officer, he will not regard their rep'rimand. 6. Buy some cem'ent and cement' the glass. 7. If that project fail, he will project' another. 8. If they rebel', and overthrow' the government, even the reb'els can not justify the o'verthrow. 9. In August, the august' writer entered into a com'pact to prepare a compact' discourse. 10. Within a minʼute I will find a minute' piece of gold. 11. In'stinct, not reason, rendered the herd instinct' with spirit. III. ACCENT CHANGED BY CONTRAST. THE HE ordinary Accent of Words is sometimes changed by a contrast in sense, or to express opposition of thought. EXAMPLES. 1. He did not say a new ad'dition, but a new e'dition. 2. He must in'crease, but I must de'crease. 3. Consider well what is done, and what is left un'done. 4. I said that she will sus'pect the truth of the story, not that she will ex'pect it. 5. He that de'scended is also the same that as'cended. 6. This corruptible must put on in'corruption; and this mortal must put on imʼmortality. EXPRESSION. XPRESSION of Speech is the utterance of thought, feeling, or passion, with due significance or force. Its general divisions are EMPHASIS, INFLECTION, SLUR, MODULATION, MONOTONE, PERSONATION, and PAUSES. Emphasis Slur Expression Modulation Monotone Personation Expression enables the reader to see clearly whatever is represented or described, to enter fully into the feelings of the writer, and to cause others to see, feel, and understand. I. EMPHASIS. I. DEFINITIONS. EMPHASIS is the peculiar force given to one or mōre words of a sentence. 2. To give a Word Emphasis, means to pronounce it in a loud1 or forcible manner. No uncommon tone is 1 Loudness.-The instructor will explain to the class the fact, that loudness has not, of necessity, refer ence to high pitch, but to volume of voice, used on the same key or pitch, when reading or speaking. necessary, as words may be made emphatic by prolonging the tonics, by a pause, or even by a whisper. 3. Emphatic Words are often printed in Italics; those more emphatic, in small CAPITALS; and those that receive the greatest force, in large CAPITALS. W II. RULES IN EMPHASIS. WORDS and Phrases peculiarly significant, or important in meaning, are emphatic; as, Whence and what art thou, execrable shape? 2. Words and Phrases that contrast, or point out a difference, are emphatic; as, I did not say a better soldier, but an elder. 3. The Repetition of an emphatic word or phrase usually requires an increased fōrce of utterance; as, You injured my child-you, sir ! 4. A Succession of important words or phrases usually requires a gradual increase of emphatic force, though emphasis sometimes falls on the last word of a series only; as, His disappointment, his ANGUISH, his DEATH, were caused by your cârelèssnèss. These misfortunes are the same to the poor, the ignorant, and the weak, as to the rich, the wise, and the powerful. The students will tell which of the rules are illustrated by the following exercises-bōth those that are marked and those that are unmarked. EXERCISES IN EMPHASIS. 1. Speak little and well, if you wish to be thought wise. 2. He buys, he sells,-he STEALS, he KILLS for gold. 3. You were taught to love your brother, not to hate him. 4. I shall sing the praises of October, as the loveliest of months. 5. It is not so easy to hide one's faults, as to mend them. 6. Study not so much to show knowledge, as to possess it. 7. The GOOD man is honored, but the EVIL man is despised. 8. Custom is the plague of wise men and the idol of fools. 9. He that trusts you, where he should find you lions finds you HARES; where foxes, GEESE. 10. My friends, our country must be FREE! The land is never lost, that has a son to right her, and here are troops of sons, and LOYAL ones! 11. If I were an American, as I am an Englishman, while a foreign troop remained in my country,. I NEVER would lay down my arms-never, NEVER, NEVER.1 12. It is pleasant to grow better, for that is to excel ourselves; it is pleasant to subdue sins, for this is victory; it is pleasant to govern our appetites, for this is empire. I II. INFLECTION. I. DEFINITION. NFLECTION is the bend or slide of the voice, used in reading and speaking. Inflection, or the slide, is properly a part of emphasis. It is the greater rise or fall of the voice that occurs on the accented or heavy syllable of an emphatic word. 2. There are three inflections or slides of the voice: the RISING INFLECTION, the FALLING INFLECTION, and the CIRCUMFLEX.. Inflection 1 In order to make the last never more forcible, the emphasis is produced by the falling slide, and a deep Rising depression of the voice-almost to |