tainty of which he complains. It is found to be almost universally true, that the partition of the profits between the owner and the occupier of the soil, is in favour of the latter, in proportion to the risk which he incurs by the disadvantage of the climate. This is a very just reflection, and par ticularly intelligible to a rural audience. We may add, when the occasion requires it, that scarcity itself hath its use by acting as a stimulus to new exertions and to farther improvements, it often produces, through a temporary distress, a permanent benefit.

Lastly: Sudden, violent, or untimely deaths, or death accompanied by any circumstances of surprise or singularity, usually leave no impression upon a whole neighbourhood. A Christian teacher is wanting in attention to opportunities who does not avail himself of this impression. The uncertainty of life requires no proof. But the power and influence which this consideration shall obtain over the decisions of the mind, will depend greatly upon the circumstances under which it is presented to the imagination. Discourses upon the subject come with tenfold force, when they are directed to a heart already touched by some near, recent, and affecting example of human mortality. I do not lament that funeral sermons are discontinued amongst us: they generally contained so much of unreasonable, and oftentimes undeserved panegyric, that the hearers came away from them rather with remarks in their mouths upon what was said of the deceased, than with any internal reflections upon the solemnity which they had left, or how nearly it related to their own condition. But by decent allusions in the stated course of our preaching to events of this sort, or by, what is better, such a well-timed choice of our subject, as may lead our audience to make the allusion for themselves, it is possible, I think, to retain much of the good effect of funeral discourses, without their adulation, and without exciting vain curiosity.

If other occurrences have arisen without our neighbourhood, which serve to exemplify the progress and fate of vice, the solid advantages and ultimate success of virtue, the providential discovery of guilt or protection of innocence, the folly of avarice, the disappointments of ambition, the vanity of worldly schemes, the fallaciousness of human foresight; in a word, which may remind us, "what shadows we are, and what shadows we pursue," and thereby induce us to collect our views and endeavours to one point, the attainment of final salvation; such occurrences may be made to introduce topics of serious and useful meditation. I have heard popular preachers amongst the methodists avail themselves of these occasions with very powerful effect. It must be acknowledged that they frequently transgress the limits of decorum and propriety, and that these transgressions wound the modesty of a cultivated ear: but the method itseif is not to be blamed. Under the correction of a sounder judgment it might be rendered very beneficial. Perhaps, as hath been already intimated, the safest way is, not to refer to these incidents by any direct allusion, but merely to discourse at the time upon subjects which are allied to, and connected with, them.

The sum of what I have been recommending amounts to this-that we consider diligently the probable effects of our discourses, upon the particular characters and dispositions of those who are to hear them; but that we apply this consideration solely to the choice of truths, by no means to the admission of falsehood or insincerity.* Secondly, that we endeavour to profit by circumstances, that is, to assist, not the reasoning, but the efficacy of our discourses, by an opportune and skilful use of the service of the church, the season of the year, and of all such occurrences and situations as are capable of receiving a religious

This distinction fixes the limits of exoteric doctrine, as far as any thing called by that name is allowable to a Christian teacher.

turn, and such as, being yet recent in the memo. ry of our hearers, may dispose their minds for the admission and influence of salutary reflections.

My reverend brethren, I am sensible that the discourse with which I have now detained you, is not of that kind which is usually delivered at a chancellor's visitation. But since (by the favour of that excellent prelate, who by me must long be remembered with gratitude and affection) hold another public station in the diocess, I embrace the only opportunity afforded me of submitting to you that species of counsel and exhortation, which, with more propriety, perhaps, you would have received from me in the character of your archdeacon, if the functions of that office had remained entire.

DANGERS INCIDENTAL TO THE CLERICAL

CHARACTER, STATED,

IN

A SERMON

Preached

BEFORE THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE,

AT

GREAT ST. MARY'S CHURCH,

On Sunday, July 5,

BEING COMMENCEMENT SUNDAY.

то

LOWTHER YATES, D. D.

VICE CHANCELlor,

AND THE

HEADS OF COLLEGES

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE,

AS A TESTIMONY

TO MANY OF THEM,

OF THE AFFECTION WITH WHICH

THE AUTHOR RETAINS

HIS ACADEMICAL FRIENDSHIPS;

AND TO ALL,

OF THE RESPECT WITH WHICH HE REGARDS

THEIR STATIONS;

THE FOLLOWING DISCOURSE,

18 INSCRIBED

BY THEIR FAITHFUL SERVANT,

W. PALEY.