perate fool, or mischief-seeking knave, to the dignity of the crown of martyrdom; such cruelty we leave to Rome and its ministers !"

Despite the murmurs of many present, the prisoner was immediately removed from the church, and the queen retired to the palace.

Shortly afterwards the oath of supremacy was exacted. Many who refused to take it, were deprived of their offices and places at the council board. Amongst others, the Archbishop of York, from whose custody the great seal was removed to that of Nicholas Bacon, who at first bore only the modest title of my Lord Keeper.

CHAPTER X X X V.

A crown, the bright reward of ever daring minds.
SHAKSPEARE.

NOTWITHSTANDING the decided step which Elizabeth had taken in resenting the insulting conduct of Dr. White, the Bishop of Winchester, it was resolved in council to proceed cautiously towards the secret aim of the new sovereign—the restoring of the re

formed religion: to bring about which, the queen displayed consummate tact and ability. Her first open secession from the Catholic church took place on the morning of Christmas Day. She went to the Royal Chapel in great state, accompanied by the great officers of her household and ladies of honor, but withdrew at the conclusion of the gospel.

This was prudently, as well as cleverly donefor if it had been received with marked disapprobation by the people, it could have been easily explained away by saying that her majesty had been suddenly taken ill. As it was, her conduct was hailed with approbation: the horrors perpetrated by the Catholic party during the reign of her sister, had set the nation generally against their church, The seeds of persecution generally bring forth sweet

and bitter fruit: sweet to those who suffer for con

science sake; bitter to those who illustrate their faith by deeds of cruelty, instead of mercy.

Her next step was to issue a proclamation, commanding that, from the first day of the ensuing year, both the the Litany and Gospel should be said or sung-not only in the Royal Chapel, but in the churches throughout the kingdom-in English; an ordinance which gave great satisfaction to some, and was highly disapproved of by others.

It is uncertain how far in her zeal the new queen might not have been induced to proceed, had not one important consideration restrained her-her coronation. The Cardinal Pole, primate and Archbishop of Canterbury, was dead. Dr. Heath, Archbishop of York, positively refused to place the crown upon her head, as supreme head of the English church. The remaining prelates-and there were not more than half a dozen who had survived the pestilential fever which had thinned the ranks of the hierarchy -not only declined to perform the ceremony, but refused to consecrate any new bishops, unless they were persons examined and selected by themselves.

It is singular to mark the superstition of the age. Elizabeth, who rejected the dogmas of Romanism, could not divest herself of her belief in astrology and alchemy. Before she fixed the day for her coronation,

An arrangement having been brought about at last with Oglethorpe, Bishop of Carlisle, to consecrate her, Sunday, the fifteenth of January, was at last fixed upon for that important ceremony: the day preceding being the recognition day.

The new queen left the Tower in her robes of state, seated in a chariot hung with crimson velvet draperies and cloth of gold, having a canopy borne over her head by six knights. Never did the maiden monarch display more tact than on this occasion. In her progress she had a kind word for most-a smile for all. Flowers were scattered on her path, and pageants enacted at every step. One of these, in Gracechurch Street, was the most remarkable. A huge rose tree was erected at the sign of the beth's paternal grandmother, Elizabeth of York; Eagle. In an immense white rose was seated Elizanext to her her husband, King Henry VII., stuck in a huge rose.

Proceeding from the stem upon which were these two personages, were two more roses-Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn-from whom proceeded a third branch, in which Elizabeth herself was seated, crowned and robed, in regal state. The entire pageant was decorated with white and red rosesemblems of the once regal houses of York and

Lancaster.

A Scriptural pageant, performed by children, next met the gaze of the queen. recited, of which the following specimen may suffice Some verses were to show the taste and style of the poets of the period :

said they were borrowed from the persecuting Bonner for the occasion.

After being presented by two noblemen to the prelate, who gave her the patten and chalice to kiss, she returned to her chair of state, where the coronation oath was administered to her, in which she swore to maintain the Holy Catholic Church.

The Protestants explain the charge of perjury which the Catholics have brought against this queen, by alleging that, at the time Elizabeth took the oath, she considered the church she was about to found, or had already partially established, as entitled to the appellation of Catholic. The Church of England retains it to the present day.

After the bishop had anointed her majesty, she retired with her ladies of honor to change her dress; on which occasion, she petulantly observed: "that say what they would, the oil was only common grease, and had an ill-favored and distasteful smell."

On her return, the prelate placed the crown upon her head, girded a sword upon her loins, and the Elizabeth." abbey rang with the shouts of "God save the Queen

At the sacrament, her majesty received the eucharist, but did not communicate as Protestants do, from the cup. Only one Catholic sovereign in the world is permitted to communicate under both kinds--and that is the King of France on the day of his coronation-an honour conceded to him as the eldest son of the church.

made the usual challenge to all who disputed the Sir Edward Dymock, as champion of England, title of the new sovereign to the crown: who, in the proclamation made by Garter King-at-arms during the banquet in Westminster Hall, styled her majesty :

Thou hast been eight times blest, O queen of worthy fame! By meekness of thy spirit when care did thee beset

By seeking peace alway-by persecution wrong;

Therefore trust thou in God, since he hath helped thy smart;

That as His promise is, so He will make thee strong.

In another pageant Truth presented her Majesty with a Bible, which she graciously received and

kissed.

At Temple Bar where Gog and Magog and a troop of children, who, in the words of the chronicler, sang to their sovereign a sweet song, the last words of which were not without a peculiar signification of the wishes of the citizens, and an encouragement to proceed in the work of the reformation.

Farewell, O worthy queen, and as our hope is sure, That into error's place thou wilt the truth restore, So trust we that thou wilt our sovereign queen endure, And loving lady stand from henceforth evermore. That night Elizabeth slept at Whitehall, from which place she proceeded, at an early hour the following morning, in her barge, to Westminster, where she robed herself in a mantle of crimson velvet, faced with ermine, with a train and surcoat of the same rich material.

had written not only to the Kings of Sweden and Denmark, but to the principal Protestant princes of Germany, to assure them of her adherence to the reformation, and propose an alliance offensive and

defensive between them.

In her astute policy, she directed Carne, her ambassador at the Court of Rome, to announce her accession to the reigning pontiff, Paul IV., at the same time charging her minister to assure him that

science of any of her subjects.

it was not her intention to offer violence to the con

Never did the court of Rome commit a more signal error than in the present instance. The Pope, a proud and despotic prince, instead of conciliating the new sovereign, who was firmly seated upon her throne, informed the ambassador that he could not comprehend the right of the illegitimate daughter of the late king to reign-that he considered the young Queen of Scots, the descendant of Henry VII., as the true heiress of the crown-but that if his mistress would renounce her pretensions, and submit her claims to his judgment, she should be treated with mercy and indulgence.

She instantly recalled her ministers; but Carne, having been threatened with excommunication by the pontiff, if he ventured to obey her orders, chose to remain, and lived and died a dependent upon the bounty of the papal court.

It had long been a custom for the English sovereigns, on the event of their coronation, to release certain prisoners. One of the Protestant nobles, the morning after her coronation, as her majesty was proceeding to chapel, knelt and presented a petition to Elizabeth.

"What is thia?" she demanded.

"The humble petition, gracious madam," replieu the noble, "of four most notable and praiseworthy men, who for years have been most unjustly held in captivity by their enemies."

"Without our royal warrant ?" "Even so, madam !"

up, was to obtain a little popularity with the citizens of London.

The great Protestant queen, as she is styled, loved pomp and ceremonial, and willingly retained as much as or more than was consistent with the simple tenets of the reformed church, of which she had declared herself the head.

Like all of the Tudor line, Elizabeth, throughout her protracted reign, evinced the most determined hostility to all who stood in the order of succession to the crown. Margaret, Countess of Lennox, after the youthful Queen of Scots the next heir, was arrested and committed to the Tower, upon the most frivolous pretext-namely, that of sorcery. Elizabeth's hatred and persecution of her beautiful and unfortunate rival, Mary, amounted almost to a species of insanity, and occasioned the foulest stain upon her character, both as a queen and a

"Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John," replied the petitioner; "imprisoned in the Latin tongue."

Elizabeth smiled at the conceit, and answered that, before she decided, she would inquire whether the worthy persons themselves desired to be released: a reply which was thought favorable to the Protestants.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

WITH the accession of Elizabeth to the throne of her sister, all our sympathy with her as a woman ends. She had suffered persecution, but it had not taught her mercy. Occasionally, indeed, she will excite our admiration as a sovereign, by the display of firmness and courage, too often contrasted, alas! with the debasing qualities of meanness, treachery, and revenge.

All relations having been broken off with the court of Rome, the new sovereign, like her father, endeavored to establish a certain uniformity of religion. Toleration was a stranger to her heart and nature, and the Nonconformists were persecuted with as much bitterness as the Catholics. Soon after her coronation, Elizabeth repaired in great state to St. Paul's-and a curious scene is related of the sound rating which she gave the dean, even in the church itself, for having placed a Prayer Book, adorned with curious prints, upon the cushion intended for her use the poor man intended it as a New Year's gift. The royal virago called him & most ignorant person, and demanded how he dared -after her proclamations against pictures, relics, and the images of saints-to place such an abomina

tion before her.

The dignitary replied, that he had done so with the humble hope of pleasuring her majesty-that the prints were both rare and costly; wittily adding, that if he were an ignorant person, her grace ought the better to pardon him.

What rendered the conduct of Elizabeth the more inconsistent on this occasion was, that up to the very time of her thus publicly insulting the dean, she retained in the Chapel Royal a large silver crucifix, suspended over the altar, together with candlesticks and other ecclesiastical ornaments, such as are generally used in the Catholic church. The intention of the whole scene, which was well got

One great cause of the popularity of Elizabeth, was the uncertainty which existed in the minds of men touching the succession. Many laws had been passed contradicting each other-her heirs were Catholic. A general desire was felt that her majesty should marry, and, by having issue of her own, extinguish the conflicting claims of the Queen

With Elizabeth to decide was to act. The fact that Rouen had actually fallen appears to have been concealed from her. The following letter, which she wrote with her own hand to the Earl of Warwick, was worthy the queen of a great and powerful nation like England; and is one of the best specimens extant of her epistolary style, which was not always remarkable either for brevity or clearness.

MY DEAR WARWICK,

the loss of the needfullest finger I keep, God so help 'If your honor and my desire could accord with me in my utmost need, as I would gladly lose that one joint for your safe abode with me; but since I cannot, that I would, I will do, that I may and will should not be succored, both by sea and land, and rather drink in an ashen cup, that you and yours that with all speed possible; and let this my scribbling hand witness it to them all.

66 Yours as my own,

[To be continued.]

"E. R."

IRISH POPLIN.

BY A W. HARNETT.

THE silk trade, of which the poplin manufacture

is a branch, was first introduced into Ireland

in the reign of William the Third, by some of the French Huguenot refugees; and amongst the earli

est silk-makers who established themselves in what were then (and are still) called "the Liberties" of

of Scots, the Poles, and the Suffolk family. Parliament even ventured to address her upon the subject, expressing the wish of the nation—a proposition which was coldly received: Elizabeth replying that, in a matter of such importance, she would Dublin, was the family of Latouche, ancestors of the be advised.

On the death of her French husband, Mary Stuart, persecuted by the Queen Mother of France, who governed in the name of her imbecile son, returned to her own kingdom, despite the hostile attempt of Elizabeth-who sent a fleet for that purpose-to intercept her. She afterwards devoted all her energies and intrigues to prevent the beautiful widow from entering into the bonds of a second marriage: and the consummate art and treachery by which on several occasions she carried her point, may be fairly considered as one of the causes of the downfall of her rival-since it drove her at last into an ill-assorted marriage with Henry Darnley-a prince not less vain and frivolous than heartless and ungrateful.

present well-known bankers, the Latouches of Castle street. "The Liberties" of Dublin were the south-western suburbs, chiefly belonging to the Earls of Meath and Milltown; and, lying as they did outside the city, and the lords of the soil being gifted with certain large immunities by charter from the Crown, the inhabitants were freed from the laws which regulated the traders of the municipality, and were enabled to carry on their trades without having that which probably would not have been at that time granted to them by the extremely Conservative citizens-the freedom of the city. The Earl of Meath's liberty lying nearest to the trading portion of the town, close to the Cathedral of St. Patrick, was of course the most eagerly sought after, and the most quickly laid out and populated. A small river called the Poddle, running through it, In order to mark her ill-feeling towards France, gave peculiar facilities to dyers and scourers; and Elizabeth had been induced to send an expedition to supplied even a few mill sites with light waterNormandy, under the command of Warwick: but power. Large streets, squares, and markets, with although her resentment induced her to take such a innumerable courts, lanes, and alleys, sprang quicka step, the natural parsimony of her disposition ly up, and within a century a vast hive of industry prevented her doing the only thing which could surrounded the places where a few French refugees render it effectual-namely, supplying it with money-in war, as in peace, the sinew of every enterprise.

But we must not anticipate events.

had planted the manufactures of silk, tapestry, wollen-cloth, and stuffs. At the time of the Union, and for some years afterwards, the Liberties preThe consequence was that Rouen was taken, and sented a scene like the business part of Manchester. upwards of three hundred of the English auxiliaries Fully forty thousand people lived by the employput to the sword, by the troops of the king of ment given there. Now it is a City of the Dead, France: on the receipt of which intelligence, there was great discontent in London-most men blaming the avarice of the queen, in not supporting her generals and troops in a befitting manner.

where, from the long lines of gaunt, sepulchral, gaping houses, crumbling into ruins, there only flits occasionally, with noiseless, shoeless feet, some hungry, spectrous figure draped in rags, to whom one

THE FLYING LEAP.

THE HE day had proved more than ordinarily oppressive at Alexandretta; and when I say this, I am saying a great deal, as I believe you, reader, will be inclined to admit, on learning that the every-day temperature at this place was 99° Fahrenheit in the shade, during the months of June, July and August; while, in addition to this excessive heat, there was a fearful absence of air; there was not so much as one of those fierce hot desert winds which often dry up a cistern in a few hours, but which admit of a remedy in the shape of cuscuspunkahs, and other precautions and alleviations usually adopted by Indians, and

to which we might easily have resorted ourselves; but no, there was not even a breath of air to stir ever so gently the light gauzy pennant that dangled lazily from the tall mast of the consular flag-staff. There had been for some time a perfect stagnation in nature. The myriads of frogs that croaked loudly and discordantly throughout the winter and spring had deserted their damp marshy quagmires, and emigrated by

thousands at a time to the banks of a neighbouring stream, where the tall bulrushes in a measure protected them from the intense heat of the sun's rays, which had already rapidly parched up the morasses and stagnant pools, leaving the air foul with miasma. The low ground around us was clothed with a sickly vapourish yellow cloud, which loomed with a mysterious foreboding of plague hovering over the hapThe very sea seemed to have been frightened out of its usual gambols, and no longer leaped wildly upon the sandy beach, but, instead, came softly rippling over the little pebbles and

less town.

stones, as though fearful of awakening the demon of pestilence from his dreamy slumber of woe and death. As for the mountains, they looked fiercely on-red-hot spectators of our sufferings and our fears -careful, however, to weave about their heads and summits thick clouds like turbans, to protect them from a coup-de-soleil. Only we poor mortals, plodding in the sultry plains, were without refuge and relief. Our lot, for the time being, had been cast therein,

[THE FLYING LEAP.]

This particular summer, and especially the day to which I am now alluding, had been more than ordinarily hot and sickly. That very morning we had conveyed to their last resting-places three of our countrymen-men in the prime and vigour of lifesailors who had only two short months previously left the delightful climate of England, full of joy and hope, and who had been cut off within the space of thirty-six hours. Ah! that was a fearful

S.M.BECK.N.Y.

season for us isolated beings.Still, somehow or other, we lived on from day to day, brave in the courage inspired by the thought, that so long as we sought to rely solely upon His mercy, the hollow of whose palm could effectually overshadow us, there was nothing to fear or dread.

On the evening of the day in question, we watched the sun

dip like a red-hot coal beyond the distant horizon, and we might almost have expected, he did look so hot,-to hear the waters of the ocean bubble up and fizz as the fiery orb seemed to sink into its enviably cool bosom. This

was the only period, with the exception of the

hour before sunrise in the morning, that there was even the ghost of a hope of a little relaxation and enjoy. ment. As usual,

and to that spot we were rivetted by the continual | we sat in the balcony, inhaling with epicurean gusto and inexorable calls of that despotic but wealthy sovereign, Commerce. It little concerned the merchants in London or Paris, Berlin or Amsterdam, or their agents at Aleppo or Baghdad, whether we poor factors had one or fifty attacks of fever during the 365 days of the year, so long as their business was attended to; and if we fell sick, or died, it simply gave rise to an interjection such as, "Ah! poor fellow! well, I hope he has left the accounts all square ;" and then, some one else was sent to follow in our footsteps, or to share in better fortune.

the small zephyr that came stealing over the sea, like a precious balm pouring over our lassitude a temporary exhilaration and vigour. Even the blue waves were disporting gently in the short-lived twilight, as though unshackled from the causes that hushed them into an intense calm. Now and then a sickly-looking villager tottered along the seaside, with a hand-net flung over his shoulder, in search of fish for his morrow's dinner, for it was Lent time among the Greeks, and by far the greater portion of the inhabitants were of that persuasion.