dience and confirms him without it, only with some salvo to his right. Two years after they chose the same great man again, and then that which before was only compliment was almost necessary and could not decently be 5 refused, and so he was confirmed again without exacting an oath. But this compliment cost the bishop dear, this Eudo la Zouch being the last chancellor (excepting one) that sought any confirmation from that see. For now the university having a favourable conjuncture under an impeTo rious pope and a yielding bishop, apply to Rome, expecting to meet with little opposition, and obtain a bull1 from Boniface the Ninth in the twelfth year of his pontificate, whereby, only to prevent the trouble and expense of a journey to Ely, he ordains that the chancellor's election should be his confirmation, and so another man of quality being chosen chancellor, the better to grace and back the design, here was an end of that branch of the bishop's power. I know the pope in that bull pretends that all this was done without solicitation and ex mero motu; but we know 2o the meaning of that form both in regal and papal grants.

15

2

The bishop under a succeeding pope prefers a very humble and submissive petition against the exemptions granted by Boniface the Ninth (for there had been likewise an exemption granted to Michaelhouse, with privileges to 25 St John's, etc.). But it was then too late; rights that are once lost are not easily recovered, and one pope usually confirms what has been done by another.

The same year with this bull, September after, an. 1401, archbishop Arundell visited the university and this 30 house. This visitation has been placed before the bull, probably lest it should be thought to hurt our privileges: but there could be no danger of that, for the great and full exemption from ordinary jurisdiction was not granted till some years after, by the Processus Barnwellensis, and this 35 exemption concerned only the confirmation of the chancellor. Together with the body, the archbishop visited every particular college, except Benet and King's hall.

1 Hare Collect. Vol. I.
Regrum Fordham. fol. 212,

3 Hare Coll. Vol. 11. an. 1401. ex regro Arundell.

Dr Fuller1 starts a wonder why Gonvil hall was not then visited; it was visited under the title of the college of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin (mistaken by him for Benet college), the style or title given it by bishop Bateman at its second foundation, being its usual style upon the registers of Ely, nor is it ever styled Gonvile hall upon that register till an. 13972, when the true founder begun to recover his right to the name. And as to Benet college, it might be excused either in compliment to the chancellor who was head of that house, or with regard to the 10 house of Lancaster of which family the king then was. To the Dr's other wonder at King's hall, we have seen before it was of royal visitation.

What was done at St John's hospital does not appear, further than that it was visited by commission (for the 15 archbishop visited only the body in person) on the 19th day of September in the church of that hospital; for so it is there styled, whereas the several colleges were visited in their respective chapels. This seems to shew it had some parochial rights; and so undoubtedly it had, by the grants 20 of Innocent the Fourth and the confirmation of bishops, upon a compensation given by the brethren to the nuns of St Radegund.

The site of this church or chapel has been hitherto doubtful, and therefore it may be worth the while to trace 25 out its situation. A certain person who has taken some pains in this inquiry seems to place it about the old buildings betwixt the college and the stone hostel in St Sepulchre's parish. This is a wide mistake, for it is very certain it was situated in All Saints' parish, from the con- 30 troversy about parochial rights betwixt the brethren and the nuns, nothing of which was ever heard of from St Sepulchre's parish or from their patrons the canons of Barnwell. There is one sure way of fixing its situation, by comparing the college books with Dr Caius'. The 35 Dr says (with reproach to the college), it was situated where the college stables then stood: it appears from

1 Hist. Cambr. p. 63.

2 Regrum Elien. an. 1397.

3 MS. D. M.

De Antiq. Cant. p. 106,

several passages in the books' that the college or master's stables in Dr Caius's time were situated at the west end of the old buildings, behind the present chapel, near bishop Fisher's chapel: so that these old buildings have 5 been the old chapel, the marks whereof yet shew themselves, both by the remaining cloister, usually adjoining to the church or chapel of religious houses, as well as by the figure or shape of the building, as likewise by the shape of the doors, the traces whereof are yet remaining, one of 10 which, wide and round, had opened to the back lane towards the town, for the conveniency of the townsmen and for the sake of perquisites to the brethren.

About the year 15862 these old buildings were repaired, altered and turned into tenements and rented out to 15 scholars, and then the college stables were removed to the place where they now stand, and other buildings raised thereabouts, by the name of the new hostel.

I once thought the old chapel had been situated where the present stables now stand, on the other side of 20 the street, opposite to the old buildings: and my reason was this, because the old brethren had a cemetery or churchyard thereabouts, as is evident from an old grant, where there is mention of a house standing betwixt the cemetery of All Saints' and the cemetery of St John's 25 hospital, so that they were only parted by a house; and the many bones and skulls dug up under the neighbouring houses sufficiently evince that a cemetery has been there. But this cemetery might have been for the poor and infirm that resorted thither, there might have been another ceme30 tery for the brethren or benefactors within the precincts of the house, or they might have been buried in the chapel however this be, the situation of the old chapel can be no longer doubted.

As John Fordham did little for the hospital, so his 35 immediate successor Philip Morgan did less, nor indeed can I meet with any service or any notice taken by him of this hospital. These two bishops had some reason to be out of humour with the religious, as well as with the

1 Liber thesaurar. sub regn. Eliz. 2 Liber thesaurar. an. 1586, &c.

university, who seem to have conspired and joined in the same design of procuring exemptions from episcopal jurisdiction. For it was under this bishop that the great blow was given to the see of Ely by the university, by obtaining from Martin' the Fifth an. 1430 his bulls to 5 this purpose, directed to the prior of Barnwell and John Deping canon of Lincoln: John Deping being a secular was not fond of such employment, but the prior of Barnwell was a man for the purpose, who sat and heard the process alone, and the bulls of Honorius and Sergius the 10 First being produced (who had no more authority in England than they had at Japan) he very learnedly gave sentence for the university upon two as rank forgeries as ever were; for the whole stress of the controversy turned upon these bulls. But the present pope was willing to 15 believe there had been such a power exercised in England by his predecessors so many hundred years ago, and the honest prior was to follow his instructions. And so there was an end of ordinary jurisdiction.

The following bishop being only a commendatory pre- 20 late and governing his diocese by an administrator, as it gave a fair opportunity to the university of enjoying peaceably their new exemptions, so it afforded none for good works; nor was it to be expected, that he that had never seen his own monks, should be much concerned for 25 the religious of other orders. But he presided under a prince of greater virtues, who ought always thankfully to be commemorated for the encouragements afforded by him to piety and learning.

It was under him the house was yet flourishing; he 39 gave them a further mortmain, and they having exceeded the bounds limited by the king's licence, he granted them a pardon for having purchased lands without a mortmain, and having occasion for a tenement of theirs (then St Cross' hostel in St John Baptist's parish) for his new 35 foundation of King's college, he gave them (by a very advantageous exchange) lands in Over with the fish ponds.

1 V. Processum Barnwellens. apud Hare Collect. Vol. II. an. 1430. 2 Ex archivis passim.

near the house formerly belonging to Merton college, granted by them to King's college with a parliamentary confirmation, and by that college granted to the king.

This was in pursuance of his second1 and great de5 sign, when he had such occasion for room that he demolished several hostels, as well as the church of St John Baptist. His first design was for a rector and twelve fellows, and for that the present old buildings, as they were intended, so were capacious enough. But that St John. 10 Baptist's church was part of these buildings (as has been supposed) is surely a mistake: for there is neither any mention of that church in the first foundation, and it was certainly standing two years after, an. 1443, when the king undertook his second design; and two years after15 that it was yet standing, for an. 1445 May 16 the prior and convent of Barnwell presented Nicholas Cloos D.D. fellow of King's (then master of the king's works there, and afterwards successively bishop of Carlisle and Lichfield) to the perpetual vicarage of St John in 20 Milne street. And after it was demolished, it was rebuilt

and endowed in another place near the college by the piety of that prince; but a great part of the parish being levelled to make room for the new college, by the common ruin of so many houses and want of inhabitants' the 25 parish sunk of itself, and so was united to St Edward's parish, as is set forth in the registers of Ely. Both these churches were granted to the king by the convent of Barnwell (for which they had the church of Quy appro-" priated to them as a compensation), and both of them came 30 from that king to Trinity hall, upon other reasons than has been supposed; for that hall never held St John's church or parish before the foundation of King's college.

So many exchanges were made towards this foundation', so many rights were to be made good, so many houses and 35 hostels were to go down, at least six or seven, and such.