L FIG. 75. Micrococcus of Pyæmia in Rabbits; Vessel from the Cortex of the 76. Ascococcus Billrothii (after Cohn) 77. Bacterium Pneumoniæ Crouposæ, from Pleural Cavity of a Mouse, 78. Bacterium Neapolitanum, × 700 (after Emmerich) 79. Bacteria of Rhinoscleroma, x 1400 (after Cornil) PAGE 252 257 261 264 80. Bacterium of Chicken Cholera; Blood of Inoculated Hen, x 1200 268 82. Bacterium of Rabbit Septicemia; Blood of Sparrow, × 700 (after 83. Bacterium Indicum; Colonies on Nutrient Agar-agar, × 60 86. Colonies of Comma Bacilli on Nutrient Gelatine, natural size (after 87. Colonies of Koch's Comma Bacilli, × 60 88. Cover-glass Preparation from the Contents of a Cholera Intestine, 89 Cover-glass Preparation of Cholera Dejecta on Damp Linen (two 90. Section of the Mucous Membrane of a Cholera Intestine, × 600 91. Pure Cultivation of Finkler's Bacillus, twenty-four hours old 284 95. Comma-shaped Organisms with other Bacteria in Sewage-con 96. Pure Cultivation of Spirillum Finkleri in twenty-four hours 98. Spirillum sputigenum, × 1200 99. Spirillum tyrogenum, x 1200 100. Spirillum plicatile (Marsh Spirochete), x 1200 289 292 thirty-six hours 292 103. Leprosy Bacilli from a Section of Skin, x 1200 297 104. Bacillus typhosus from a Potato-cultivation, × 1500 method, × 2500 106. Cultivation of the Tubercle Bacillus on Glycerine Agar-agar 108. Pure Cultivation of the Bacillus anthracis in Nutrient Gelatine FIG. 109. Colonies in a Plate-cultivation, × 70. 110. Cover-glass Impression-preparation, × 70 111. Spores of Bacillus anthracis unstained, x 1500 112. Spores of Bacillus anthracis, x 1200 325 326 331 333 333 333 338 343 344 113. From a Double-stained Preparation of Bacillus anthracis, x 1200. 115 and 116. Pure Cultivations of the Bacillus of Septicemia of Mice Klein). 119. Bacilli from an Artificial Culture with Spores (after Klein) . 120. Bacillus cyanogenus, × 650 (after Neelsen). 121. Bacillus megaterium (after De Bary). 122. Pure Cultivation of Bacillus figurans in Nutrient Agar-agar 125. Clostridium butyricum (after Prazmowski) 127. Beggiatoa alba (after Zopf) 128. Several Phase-forms of Beggiatoa Roseopersicina (after Warming) 129. Cladothrix dichotoma (after Zopf) 132. Organisms in the Blood of the Carp (after Mitrophanow) 133. "Surra" Parasites occurring singly and fused, × 1200 134. A Monad in Rat's Blood, × 3000 135. Monads in Rat's Blood, x 1200 137. Hæmatozoa of Malaria; Non-pigmented Forms (after Marchiafava and Celli). 138. Pigmented Amoeboid Forms (after Golgi) 139. Semilunar Bodies of Laveran (after Golgi) 140. Rosette Forms with Segmentation (after Golgi) 141. Flagellated Forms (after Vandyke Carter) DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. FIG. PLATE I. (Facing page 18.) Bacteria, Schizomycetes, or Fission fungi. 1. Cocci singly and varying in size. 2. Cocci in chains or rosaries (streptococcus). 3. Cocci in a mass or swarm (zooglœa). 4. Cocci in pairs (diplococcus). 5. Cocci encapsuled (Bacterium pneumoniæ crouposa). 6. Cocci in groups of four (merismopedia). 7. Cocci in packets (sarcina). 8. Bacterium termo. 9. Bacterium termo, × 4000 (after Dallinger and Drysdale). 10. Bacterium lineola. 11. Bacillus subtilis. 12. Bacillus tuberculosis. 13. Bacillus lepræ. 14. Bacillus malaria (after Klebs). 15. Bacillus typhosus (after Eberth). 16. Spirillum undula (after Cohn). 17. Spirillum volutans (after Cohn). 18. Spirillum cholera Asiatica: from an artificial cultivation. 25. Monas Warmingii (after Cohn). 26. Rhabdomonas rosea (after Cohn). 27. From a cover-glass preparation of blood from the spleen of a mouse which had died of anthrax; stained with fuchsine (Zeiss' 28. From a drop-cultivation of Bacillus anthracis (Zeiss' o.i. Oc. 4). 29. From a cover-glass impression-preparation of a potato-cultivation of Bacillus anthracis (Zeiss'o.i. Oc. 4). 30. From a preparation of Bacillus anthracis, cultivated in nutrient gelatine (torula-form). 31. Involution-form of Crenothrix (after Zopf). FIG. 32. Involution-forms of Vibrio serpens (after Warming). 33. Involution-forms of Vibrio rugula (after Warming). 34. Involution-forms of Clostridium Polymyxa (after Prazmowski). 35. Involution-forms of the Spirillum cholera Asiatica, from an artificial cultivation. 36. Involution-forms of Bacterium aceti (after Zopf and Hansen). 37. Spirulina-form of Beggiatoa alba (after Zopf). 38. Various thread-forms of Bacterium merismopedioides (after Zopf). 39. False-branching of Cladothrix (after Zopf). PLATE II. (Facing page 76.) 1. Micrococcus tetragonus.-From a section of a kidney of a mouse which had died in eight days, after inoculation subcutaneously with a pure cultivation. Encapsuled tetrads, isolated and in masses, were found in the kidneys, lungs, and other organs. Stained with Gram's method (gentian-violet) without a contrast stain. × 1500. 2. Micrococcus pyogenes aureus (Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus).— From a section of the liver of a rabbit. A small vessel is shown plugged with cocci. From small abscesses in the liver, cultivations were obtained of the characteristic yellow coccus of pus. Stained with Gram's method (gentian-violet) without a contrast stain. × 1500. PLATE III. (Facing page 78.) 1. Bacillus tuberculosis.—From a cover-glass preparation of tubercular pus. Stained with Ehrlich's method (fuchsine and methylene-blue). × 1500. 2. Bacillus lepræ.-From a section of a kidney from a case of leprosy. Stained with Ehrlich's method (fuchsine and methylene-blue). In the centre of the field is a glomerulus with a collection of the leprosy bacilli. × 400. PLATE IV. (Facing page 88.) 1. Spirillum cholera Asiatica (Comma-baccillus of Koch).—Tube inoculated from a plate-cultivation. The growth in this case was very striking. The funnel-shaped area of liquefaction, enclosing an airbubble, and the white thread along the needle-track, are in marked contrast to the appearances, under similar conditions, of the commabacillus in Cholera nostras (p. 288). 2. Bacterium cholera gallinarum (Microccus cholera gallinarum ; Microbe du choléra des poules).-Tube inoculated from the blood of a hen which had died of so-called chicken-cholera. After several days the growth forms a very delicate, finely beaded thread. 3. Micrococcus cereus albus (Staphylococcus cereus albus).—Tube inoculated from the pus of a subcutaneous abscess in a rabbit. growth assumed a nodular appearance along the needle-track. The FIG. PLATE V. (Following Plate IV.) 1. Micrococcus tetragonus.—Tube inoculated from a plate-cultivation of bacteria in sputum. The cultivation consisted of a milk-white growth heaped up on the surface of the gelatine, and growing freely along the upper part of the needle-track. 2. Bacterium pneumoniæ crouposæ (Micrococcus pneumonia crouposa; Friedländer's pneumo-coccus).—Tube inoculated from pneumonic exudation. The growth, in nutrient gelatine, in the form of a round-headed nail, is not by itself distinctive. 3. Saccharomyces niger (Black torula).—Tube inoculated from an old contaminated nutrient-gelatine cultivation. The growth, isolated and reinoculated, formed a black crust on the surface of the gelatine. In some of the tubes little separate centres of growth occurred in the upper part of the track of the needle. PLATE VI. (Following Plate V.) 1. Bacillus pyocyaneus (Bacterium aruginosum; Bacillus fluorescens). -Tube inoculated from pus. The gelatine was liquefied, and appeared green by transmitted and orange by reflected light. 2. Sarcina lutea.-Tube inoculated from a colony which occurred on potato exposed to the air. The gelatine was partially liquefied, and a canary-yellow growth had subsided to the bottom of the liquefied layer. 3. Bacillus anthracis.-Tube inoculated from the blood of a mouse which had died of anthrax. The typical growth which occurs in a few days is shown on p. 318. In this figure the appearance after three weeks is represented. The gelatine was completely liquefied, and a flocculent mass had subsided to the bottom of the tube. PLATE VII. (Following Plate VI.) 1. Sarcina lutea.-In this tube and the two adjacent ones, the inoculations were made by thrusting the needle into the nutrient agar-agar. In all three cases the growth on the surface, freely exposed to air, developed a characteristic pigment, while the growth in the track of the needle was scanty and colourless. 2. Bacterium indicum (Micrococcus indicus, Koch; Bacillus inaicus, Flügge). 3. Saccharomyces rosaceus (Pink torula). PLATE VIII. (Following Plate VII.) 1. Bacterium indicum (Micrococcus indicus, Koch; Bacillus indicus, Flügge).—Tube inoculated from a nutrient agar-agar plate-cultivation. By plate-cultivation, or by succussive cultivation on potatoes, a pure cultivation can be obtained. The growth has then the colour of red |