Percy's Cross was erected in memory of Sir Ralph) Percy, who was slain here by Lord Montacute in a severe skirmish in 1463 before 214

the battle of Hexham.

Chillingham Castle (Earl

of Tankerville, famous for

the breed of wild cattle pre-15 Woolerhaugh Head. 44

served here.

ON LEFT FROM NEWC.

Roddam, S.Roddam, Esq.

Earl, T. Selby, Esq.

The church of Wooler is a neat building, and there are five meeting-houses. There are several entrenchments and cairns near the town, and the thick walls of an ancient tower. About 1 'mile distant is a hill called Humbleton Hugh, on the top of which there is a circular entrenchment with a 494 large cairn. Pop. of par. 1874.

46

COLDSTREAM, Occupying a level and elevated situation on the north bank of the Tweed, which is here crossed by a handsome bridge. The population of the town is about 3000. In consequence of its proximity to England, Coldstream, like Gretna Green, is celebrated for its irregular marriages. In the principal inn Lord Brougham was married. General Monk resided in Coldstream during the winter of 1659-60, before he marched into England to restore Charles II., and here he raised a horse regiment, which is still denominated the Coldstream Guards. On the bank of the Tweed, to the west of the town, is Lees, the beautiful seat of Sir William Marjoribanks, Bart. About a mile and a half to the east of the town are the ruins of the Church of Lennel, which was the name of the parish before Coldstream existed. Near it is Lennel House, (Earl of Haddington,) in which the venerable Patrick Brydone, author of "Travels in Sicily and Malta," spent the latter years of his long life. Following the course of the river, we come to Tilmouth, where the Till, a narrow, sullen, deep, dark,

* There are two roads from Coldstream to Berwick, one along the north bank and one along the south bank of the Tweed. The latter is the more interesting, and is generally preferred.

The

and slow stream, flows into the Tweed. On its banks stands Twisel Castle (Sir Francis Blake, Bart.) Beneath the Castle the ancient bridge is still standing by which the English crossed the Till before the battle of Flodden.* glen is romantic and delightful, with steep banks on each side, covered with copsewood. On the opposite bank of the Tweed is Milne-Graden, (Admiral Sir David Milne, Bart.,) once the seat of the Kerrs of Graden, and, at an earlier period, the residence of the chief of a border clan, known by the name of Graden. A few miles eastward is Ladykirk, nine miles from Berwick. The church of this parish is an ancient Gothic building, said to have been erected by James IV., in consequence of a vow made to the Virgin, when he found himself in great danger while crossing the Tweed by a ford, in the neighbourhood. By this ford the English and Scottish armies made most of their mutual invasions. The adjacent field, called Holywell Haugh, was the place where Edward I. met the Scottish nobility, to settle the dispute between Bruce and Baliol, relative to the crown of Scotland. On the opposite bank of the Tweed stands the celebrated Castle of Norham. The description of this ancient fortress, in the poem of Marmion, is too well known to require to be quoted here. The extent of its ruins, as well as its historical importance, shows it to have been a place of magnificence as well as strength. It was the residence of Edward I. when he was created umpire of the dispute between Bruce and Baliol, concerning the succession to the Scottish throne. It was repeatedly taken and retaken during the wars between England and Scotland. In 1164, it was almost rebuilt by Hugh Pudsey, Bishop of Durham, who added a huge keep or donjon. After 1174 it seems to have been chiefly garrisoned by the King, and considered as a royal fortress. The ruins of the castle are at present considerable as well as picturesque. They consist of a large shattered tower, with many vaults and fragments of other edifices enclosed within an outward wall of great circuit.

*

"they cross'd
The Till, by Twisel Bridge.
High sight it is, and haughty, while
They dive into the deep defile;
Beneath the cavern'd cliff they fall,
Beneath the castle's airy wall.

By rock, by oak, by hawthorn tree,
Troop after troop are disappearing;
Troop after troop their banners rearing,
Upon the eastern bank you see,

Still pouring down the rocky den,
Where flows the sullen Till,

And, rising from the dim wood glen
Standards on standards, men on men,
In slow succession still,
And sweeping o'er the Gothic arch,
And pressing on in ceaseless march,
To gain the opposing hill."

Marmion, c. vI.

* For a description of the road from Jedburgh to Edinburgh see Black's Picturesque Tourist.

BURY is a considerable manufacturing town, situated on an eminence between the rivers Irwell and Roach. Although its present importance is of modern

origin, it is a place of considerable antiquity, and was a Saxon town, as its name implies. The manufacture of woollen, which is of ancient date, having been carried on here by the emigrant Flemings, is still prosecuted, though not on so extensive a scale, of late years, as the cotton manufacture. There are also in and near the town several extensive establishments for bleaching, calico printing, iron foundry, and machine making. The canal from Bury to Manchester and Bolton conduces materially to its trading prosperity. Bury possesses a public subscription library, a news-room, a botanical institution, a medical library, a dispensary, and a mechanics' institution, a modern church, a chapel of ease, several meeting houses, and charitable institutions. One M. P. Pop. 20,710.

On the heath near Bury, Lord Strange, afterwards Earl of Derby, mustered 20,000 men in favour of the royal cause in 1642.

HASLINGDEN is a flourishing manufacturing town. The chapel contains a font of the time of Henry VIII., as well as several monuments. The Haslingden canal communicates with Bury, Manchester, Liverpool, and Leeds. Pop. 8063.

On an eminence near the town is a tower erected by Messrs William and Charles Grant, (" the Cheeryble Brothers" of Dickens,) who were the first manufacturers of the district, as a kind of public thanksgiving for the public prosperity they have reaped.

WHALLEY is a parish, township, and village in the hundred of Blackburn and the honour of Clitheroe. It is the largest parish in the county, containing 47 townships, and has an area of 180 square miles. The church is a venerable pile, containing some interesting monuments, and splendid carving. It was originally founded A. D. 628 and rebuilt 1100. Whalley Abbey, founded for monks of the Cistertian order, was an establishment of remarkable magnificence. The last abbot was executed in the reign of Henry VIII., for his share in the insurrection, designated" the Pilgrimage of Grace." The remains of the abbey are still sufficient to show the splendour of its architecture. The abbot house has been renovated and turned into a modern residence.

CLITHEROE is situated on an eminence on the east bank of the Ribble. Here are the ruins of an ancient castle, erected by the Lacies, who came over with the Conqueror. The male line of this family became extinct in 1193, and the honor of Clitheroe passed afterwards into the possession of the famous John of Gaunt, and when his son became Henry IV. it was vested in the crown, remaining so till the time of Charles II. It is now the property of the Buccleuch family. During the commonwealth, Clitheroe castle was dismantled by order of the Parliament, and is now greatly dilapidated. Its stones contributed to build a modern mansion, which stands within its precincts. Clitheroe has an excellent grammar school, and the chapel contains some monuments. In the vicinity of the town are extensive cotton printing works. Two miles dis