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On the other hand, the caloric absorbed is composed of

(1.) That for reduction of ore and fusion of pig (a

constant)

(2.) For fusion of slags, and decomposition of

limestone according to § 12.

Fusion slags

Decomposition of lime

stone

2314 cals.

1.485 × 550 = 817 cals.

0.625 × 373.5 233

[blocks in formation]

Hence (4.) loss by radiation and evection (by

difference)

646

4124

335

4459

§ 19. Fourth example.-This is the blast furnace at Consett, smelting a mixture of calcined Cleveland ores and red hematite of Cumberland.

The elements of the furnace are,

Height 55 feet, capacity 9300 c. ft.

Mean daily yield, 55 tons of pig-iron No. 5, which gives 170 cubic feet capacity per ton yielded.

Coke consumed per ton of iron 1.137 tons, or pure carbon 1.035.5

[blocks in formation]

From these data we have per lb. of pig-iron yielded,

Carbon in coke, a

1lb .0355

Carbon in limestone, b = 0·12 × 0·412

0 .0495

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On the other hand, the analysis of the gases gave m=0·502. And now, with these data, we have the following results by the formulas of § 7:

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Caloric produced by 11.0055 of carbon (a —·03) = 3641 cals. Therefore, caloric by 1 lb. of carbon

= 3621 “

Which gives as the caloric really developed 0·45 of the calorific power of the coke consumed.

These 3641 calories are divided between the two zones of the furnace as follows:

The carbon burned in the zone of reduction given by:

[blocks in formation]

0lb .0960-9095, and the caloric produced in this region,

0·9095 × 2473 = 2249 calories.

The caloric generated in the zone of reduction arises from

[blocks in formation]

4192

Total caloric received by the furnace

On the other hand, the caloric absorbed is composed of,

(1.) reduction of ores and fusion of pig-iron, according to § 11

[blocks in formation]

(3.) For the sensible heat of the gases (§ 13),

6lb 706 x 477° x 0.237

758 cals.

Total

3872

(4.) Loss by radiation and evection, etc. (difference) 320

Total equal to the caloric received

4192 cals.

§ 20. Fifth example.-This is the blast furnace No. 4 of Consett, smelting like the preceding one, a mixture of calcined

Cleveland and red hematite of Cumberland ores. The elements of this furnace are:

Height 55 feet, and capacity 10,200 c. feet.

The mean yield is 60 tons of Nos. 4 and 5 in 24 hours, or 195 c. feet per ton of pig-iron.

[blocks in formation]

And hence per lb. of pig-iron yielded:

:

Carbon of coke, a

0lb .8190

Do. of limestone, b = 0·12 x 0.406
0·12 × 0·406 = 0 ·0485

Total carbon, a + b

Carbon absorbed by iron .

Total carbon of gases, p

The analysis of the gases gave m = 0·623.

Applying the formulas of § 7 we find,

Weight of Gases.

0 8675

0 ·0300

=0lb .8375

my or CO2 = 0 8715 Carbon contained 0.2375

[blocks in formation]

y or CO = 11 ·4000 3.33 z or N 2 ·8670

lb

do. do. 0.6000

[blocks in formation]

Weight of dry gases 5 1385
Water from coke 0 ·0225
Weight of moist

Total carbon 0-8375

gases

5lb.1610

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