462

SCHOOLS.

FLACCUS.

MARO.

VII 223Reliefs, welche sich auf Handwerk...beziehen (Abhandl. d. Sächs. Ges. XII 1861, 291-2). P. Annii Flori Vergilius orator an poeta (in Jahn's Florus p. XLI 22) ‘in reditu est mihi professio litterarum.' 'o rem indignissimam! et quam aequo fers istud animo, sedere in scholis et pueris praecipere? cf. id. cited 239. Philostr. soph. 1 21 § 10 dieλéyeto d' ἀπὸ μὲν τοῦ θρόνου ξὺν ἁβρότητι, ὅτε δ ̓ ὀρθὸς διαλέγοιτο, ἐπιστροφὴν τ ̓ εἶχεν ó λóyos kai čρρwTo. On the gravestone of a schoolmaster, from Capua, he is seated on a high throne, with a boy on his right hand, a girl on his left (Hermes 1 147).

VII 224 QUI DOCET OBLIQUO LANAM DEDUCERE FERRO i.e. §aívelv, mékew, Teikelv, mekteîv, cărère, carminare, pectere, pectinare. The workmen are caritores, carminatores, pectinarii, pectinatores; the comb kreis, pecten, carmen (Venant. Fortun. c. v 6 praef. § 1 cum...ut ita dictum sit, nihil velleretur ex vellere quod carminaretur in carmine, probably a signification invented for the pun: in Claud. in Eutr. 11 458 carmina are surely 'songs,' not, as Blümner says, 'combs'). Nonn. D. vi 145–6 ảμøì dè kaρxapóδοντα γένυν πεπόνητο σιδήρου | εἰροκόμῳ ξαίνουσα περὶ κτενὶ λήνεα κούρη. Anth. Pal. vi 247 3 kai kтéva koσμокóμny. More in Blümner Technologie (as cited 135) 1 104--7. Marquardt Privatleben 486-7.

226 QUOT STABANT PUERI Prud. perist. 9 71–2 (boys taking vengeance on their master) reddimus ecce tibi tam milia multa notarum,| quam stando, flendo, te docente excepimus.

227 FLACCUS...MARONI Friedländer 15 283 (the poets' busts, a possible but not necessary interpretation). On the poets as text-books see Petron. 48 solebam haec ego puer apud Homerum legere. Sen. ep. 58 § 5 after some Virgilian criticisms non id ago nunc hac diligentia, ut ostendam, quantum tempus apud grammaticum perdiderim, sed ut...hoc intellegas, quantum apud Ennium et Accium verborum situs occupaverit, cum apud hunc quoque, qui cotidie excutitur, aliqua nobis subducta sint. Orig. in ps. 36 hom. 36 (x 189 L) an important passage on the course of study: grammarians (teaching poets, the drama, history); rhetoricians: philosophy, logic, geometry, astronomy, music; in short the trivium and (excepting arithmetic) the quadrivium. Marquardt Privatleben 1 104. Gell. XVIII 2

§ 6. Add to Mullach's fragments of Xenophanes ἐξ ἀρχῆς καθ' Ομηρον Étel μeμaðŋkaoɩ Távτes (Draco p. 33). Friedländer 13 36915 410. Plut. qu. conv. vII 8 3 § 5 would not have tragedy among acroamata (recitations at feasts), nor the old comedy, partly because of its grossness, partly because of its recondite personal allusions; else, as a cupbearer in a state dinner stands at each guest's side, so each will need a grammarian to explain who is Laespodias in Eupolis, Kinesias in Plato cet. HAERERET...MARONI haereo c. dat. în 233. x 144. Catull. Verg. Hor. Ov. Phaedr. Sen. trag. Curt. Cels. Tac. in Mühlmann; with in c. abl, III 248. XI 54.

228 COGNITIONE VI 485. XVI 18.

,, COGNITIONE TRIBUNI even to the time of Hadrian we find tribunes employing intercessio against the orders of magistrates, the ancient auxilium. This function is to be here understood. Claims for honoraria were settled not by verdict of a jury, but by the praetor's decree: redress must be sought from the tribune. Under Hadrian Pomponius seems to describe the circumstances existing in his own day, when before the consuls, praetors and aediles he names tribunes of the people as magistrates (dig. 1 2 2 § 34) who iura reddebant; an incorrect expression denoting their function of annulling a decree (Mommsen röm. StR. I2 298 3. Cf. 12 258 3, 267 7, where he cites ad Herenn. 11 § 19 ea [iudicata]

-239

DEMANDS ON SCHOOLMASTERS.

463

saepe diversa sunt, ut aliud alii iudici aut praetori aut consuli aut tribuno plebis placitum sit, where the consular intercession is meant).

VII 230-240 obs. the anaphora of ut, dicat, quot, exigite ut, ne.

230 VERBORUM REGULA see exx. of such discussions in Gell. xv 9. 231 HISTORIAS VI 450 nec historias sciat omnes. Marquardt Privatleben 106 cites L. Friedländer de historiarum enarratione in ludis grammaticis (ind. lect. acad. Regiomont. 1874. II).

AUCTORES NOVERIT OMNES see the vaunt of quispiam linguae Latinae litterator, with whom Gellius (xvI 6) amused himself after a sea-voyage § 3 legebat barbare insciteque Vergilii septimum, in quo libro hic versus est; centum lanigeras mactabat rite bidentis,

§ 4 et iubebat rogare se, si quis quid omnium rerum vellet discere. § 5 tum ego indocti hominis confidentiam demiratus: docesne' inquam,

nos, magister, cur BIDENTES dicantur?' The nebulo discovers his ignorance and Gellius his learning.

232 DIGITOS Gifford and have all authors at their finger's end.'

FORTE Holyday by chance and on the by.'

233 PHOEBI BALNEA Bücheler in Rhein. Mus. xxxv (1880) 395 Ph. b. Iuv. commemorat in quibus pauperculus litterator lavet, quae Dafnes appellantur scholiasta adicit. gratuita praebita balnea Agrippae aedilitate CLXX, iam Romae ad infinitum aucta numerum Plinius xxxvI 121 scribit, balnea DCCCLVI in notitia urbis numerantur. ego non audeo adseverare idem balneum fuisse prius dictum a Phoebo, post CCL annos a Daphne, vereor ne interpreti ignoranti locum et quaerenti intempestive subvenerint Apollo et Apollinis amores. The following puzzles all relate to Vergil. Servius will furnish many as edifying.

234 Plut. qu. conv. Ix 8 on which hand was Aphrodite wounded by Diomedes?

238 CERA On the use of wax in the arts see Blümner Technologie (as cited 135) II 2-4, 154-9. With the thought cf. Hor. ep. 11 2 8 argilla quidvis imitaberis uda. Sen. ep. 25 § 1 tenera finguntur. 50 § 6.

239 209 n. notes on Plin. ep. III 3 §§ 3 4 pp. 58–62, 264. Flor. (as cited 223) XLIII 25 seq. once I thought of the scholastic profession as you do; for five years I was so weary of it ut nusquam vivere putarem hominem miseriorem. XLIV but on comparison with other callings tandem aliquando pulcritudo suscepti operis apparuit. scire te ergo nunc oportet nullum maius praedium, nullam procurationem, nullum honorem decerni quantus sit nostrae professionis: if the emperor had made me a centurion, a prefect, a tribune, it would have been no little distinction. si ergo non Caesar, sed Fortuna hoc genus stationis iniunxit uti pueris ingenuis atque honestis praesiderem, nonne tibi pulcrum videor atque magnificum consecutus officium? quaeso enim, propius intuere, utrum praeclarius sit sagulatis an praetextatis inperare? barbaris efferatisque pectoribus an mitibus et innoxiis? bone Iuppiter, quam imperatorium quam regium est sedere a suggestu praeci pientem bonos mores et sacrarum studia litterarum, iam carmina praelegentem quibus ora mentesque formantur. Sen. cons. Marc. 24 §§ 1-3. Sievers Libanius 21 'the young folk were not without supervision: they had their paedagogus with them and he might be of great service to them. Liban. III 255 the paedagogi are in honour next to the teachers. great, verily great are the benefits which the young derive from them: ȧváyкai τε ὧν τὸ μανθάνειν δεῖται καὶ τὸ πολὺ κάλλιον, ἡ σωφροσύνη. οὗτοι γὰρ φρουροὶ τῆς ἀνθούσης ἡλικίας, οὗτοι φύλακες, οὗτοι τεῖχος, ἀπελαύνοντες τοὺς κακῶς ἐρῶντας, ἀπωθοῦντες, εἴργοντες, οὐκ ἐῶντες ὁμιλεῖν, ἀποκρουόμενοι τὰς

464

OCULI TREMENTES.

SCHOOL-FEES.

VII 239

προβολάς, ὑλακτοῦντες κύνες πρὸς λύκους γιγνόμενοι. ib. 255–7. Η 592. IV 868. ep. 139. 172. 235. Few fathers resembled him who remained with his son during his whole course ep. 358. or. III (not II, as Sievers) 200, as Horace boasts of his father.'

VII 239 LUDANT Mart. Ix 25 8. comm. on Petron. 11. Hor. ep. 1 14 36 Obbar. so lusus. παίζω.

240 VICIBUS Stat. cited on v 21.

241 MANUS VI 238. Ov. a. a. II 706 seq. am. I 7 74. Mart. Ix 42. Sen. rh. contr. 4 § 11 inter pueriles condiscipulorum sinus lasciviam manu obscena iussisti. Ath. 577f.

OCULOS TREMENTIS II 94 95. Ov. a. a. II 721. Apul. met. III 14 fin. Apul. physiogn. (in Val. Rose anecd. 1 Berl. 1864) 123 17 (oculi pravi) si trementes fuerint, nihil non audebunt quod iniquum improbum. 129 21 qui..incertas palpebras promovent atque coniungunt sub diversis motibus pupillarum ac superius cilium molliter oculis superducunt, cinaedi sunt. qui autem alteram ex superioribus palpebris paulatim deprimunt et molliter revocant et aciem dirigunt, affectatores pulcritudinis sunt et moechos et adulteros se profitentur. interdum palpebra superior ad medium ita deducitur ut hinc atque illinc reflexis atque retractis angulis subluceat oculus, simulque incertas palpebras agunt: haec etiam signa moechis et adulteris attributa sunt. ib. 119 8 oculi trementes magni cum pererrant...et voracitatem et intemperantiam vini cum intemperantia veneris. Follow two other classes of oculi trementes (glauci and non glauci). Fourteen pp. 116-130 are taken up with signs drawn from the eyes, and much is omitted. Verily, to judge by this manual non est leve tot puerorum observare oculos. See Pers. I 18 Casaubon and Jahn patranti fractus ocello.

IN FINE usually of time Plin. ep. 1 9 § 20 n. Sil. Ix 150 in fine laborum. Stanley in fine тoû á¿podiσiášjeu vid. Aristot.' [i.e., no doubt, probl. rv 32 p. 880 b 8 διὰ τί, ἐὰν ἀφροδισιάζῃ ὁ ἄνθρωπος, οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἀσθενοῦσι μάλιστα ;]

242 CUM SE VERTERIT ANNUS the usual payments were monthly (Hor. s. 1 6 75 where Palmer is certainly right in accepting octonos [asses] aeris, though Marquardt adheres to octonis), but a contract might be made for a yearly stipend, payable at the end of the old Roman year, i. e. in March, or the yearly honorarium might be left to the generosity of the parents. Luc. Hermotim. 80 a philosopher claiming his covenanted fee, 16 days over due. Macrob. Sat. 1 12 § 7 hoc mense (March) mercedes exsolvebant magistris quas completus annus deberi fecit. Ov. f. III 829 830 (cited x 115 n.). Marquardt Privatleben 93.

,, SE VERTERIT ANNUS Plaut. Cic. Nep. in lexx. Vitr. 1x 4 § 6 mense vertente. Stat. s. 1 2 157 versumque domus sibi temperat annum. Suet. Cal. 37 f. non toto vertente anno. Auson. 'de nominibus dierum' (ecl. 1 1 p. 9 Schenkl) vertentibus. . diebus. id. 'ratio dierum anni vertentis' (ecl. 7 17 p. 13) vertentibus annis. Gunther latinit. restit. pt. II c. 188 fin. Georges.

243 ACCIPE, VICTORI POPULUS QUOD POSTULAT, AURUM cf. 112-4. Markland ms. 'accipe- Quid? exspectasses mercedem solidam laborum tuorum: sed ille Taρà πроσdoкxíav dicit accipe-victori cet. id est stipem aliquam exiguam, qualem in ludis petere solet plebs pro victoribus: hane ille irrisorie et satirice aurum vocat.' Suet. Cal. 55 agitatori Eutycho comissatione quadam in apophoretis vicies sestertium contulit. Nero 5 (of Domitius) perfidiae vero tantae, ut... in praetura mercede palmarum aurigarios fraudaverit; notatus ob haec et sororis ioço, querentibus dominis

-243 POSTULAT AURUM. IV 94. VIII 10. 47. 103. 157. 465

factionum repraesentanda praemia in posterum sanxit. Hier. ep. 69 § 9 fin. nunc plerosque cernimus vel favorem populi in aurigarum morem pretio redimere vel tanto omnium hominum odio vivere, ut non extorqueant pecunia, quod mimi impetrant gestibus. Vopisc. Aurel. 15 § 4 vidimus proxime consulatum Furii Placidi tanto ambitu in circo editum ut non praemia dari aurigis sed patrimonia viderentur cet. (as cited xi 195).

VII 243 POPULUS POSTULAT Fronto ad M. Caes. Ir 4 qui bestias strenue interfecerint, populo postulante ornatis aut manumittitis, nocentes etiam homines aut scelere damnatos; sed populo postulanti conceditis. So postulo Suet. Cal. 30 bis. Claud. 21 (an imperial jest) Palumbum postulantibus daturum se promisit, si captus esset.' Tac. h. 1 32 bis. Lact. epit. 63 § 4 fin.

IV 94

O. Jahn in Rhein. Mus. Ix (1854) 627: George Valla remarks: Acilius Glabrionis filius consul sub Domitiano fuit Papinii Statii carmine de bello Germanico quod Domitianus egit probatus

lumina Nestorei mitis prudentia Crispi,

et Fabius Veiento, potentem signat utrumque
purpura, ter memores implerunt nomine fastos,
et prope Caesareae confinis Acilius aulae.

These verses occur nowhere else: that Valla invented them, is incon-
ceivable, he found them doubtless in his scholia, which on many passages
contained fuller historical extracts than those of P and the St Gallen
ms.; here, as in other places, he has not named Probus
sung of this theme we know from himself, s. iv 2 64–7

talis longo post tempore venit

lux mihi, Troianae qualis sub collibus Albae

That Statius

cum modo Germanas acies, modo Daca `sonantem
proelia Palladio tua me manus induit auro.

The second verse is corrupt, for Veiento was named not Fabius but
Fabricius; we must therefore strike out et and read Fabricius.'

VIII

10 SI LUDITUR ALEA PERNOX Capitolin. Ver. 4 § 6 fertur et nocte perpeti alea lusisse. Fronto p. 128 24 Naber alea in castris frequens, somnus pernox.

47 IMA PLEBE QUIRITEM Ov, am, 1 7 29 de plebe Quiritem.

103 104 POLYCLITI MÚLTUS UBIQUE LABOR Cic. parad. § 37 Echionis tabula te stupidum detinet aut signum aliquod Polycliti. mitto unde sustuleris et quomodo habeas.

157 EPONAM Jahrb. des Vereins v. Alterthumsfr. im Rhein!. 1842 189. 1843 43. 1858 91 seq. Orelli 1355=CIL VII 1114. Henzen 5239. Brambach CIR 683. 864-5. H. Jordan de genii et Eponae picturis Pompeianis nuper detectis Romae. 1872. Bull. inst. archeol. di Roma LIII (1881) 239--248 (with plates) 'una rarissima statua della dea Epona'. A celtic word (cf. Eporedia, Eporedix, Eponina). ō as in Divona.

466 VIII 161. 177. x 311. 358. XI 172. XII 108. 130.

Bullet, 1866 tav. K n. 3. Fea in Bianconi's Circhi tav. xvi. 1152. 4784.

CIL III

VIII 161 HOSPITIS ADFECTU DOMINUM REGEMQUE SALUTAT Sen. ben. I 14 § 1 beneficium qui quibuslibet, dat nulli gratum: nemo se stabularii aut cauponis hospitem iudicat. Calenus says of Cicero (DCass. XLVI 6 § 4) τοὺς δ ̓ ἄρτι προσιόντας σαίνων καὶ γελῶν ὥσπερ αἱ πανδοκευτρίαι. Εunap. vit. soph. p. 463 30 Didot ἡ δὲ προεστῶσα τοῦ καπηλείου τὸ κέρδος ὁρῶσα, πρὸς τὴν ὑπηρεσίαν παρεσκευάζετο καὶ διετρόχαζεν κ.τ.λ.

177 AEQUA IBI LIBERTAS Sen. n. q. iv 3 § 6 inter nullos magis quam inter philosophos debet esse aequa libertas,

X

311 312 ADULTER PUBLICUS Sen. ben. III 28 § 4 servum tu quemquam vocas libidinis et gulae servus et adulterae, immo adulterarum commune mancipium?

358 359 QUI SPATIUM VITAE EXTREMUM INTER MUNERA PONAT NATURAE it has been usual to join extremum as an epithet with spatium, so e.g. Mühlmann s. v. exter col. 1155 med. and Lemaire ind., but my brother (in a note printed in my small edition, 1879), rightly takes it as a predicate; =σxαTOV τŵv púσeɩ ȧyalŵv cf. 188 da spatium vitae: far from being the proper object of a wise man's prayer'. In 188 da s. v. is parallel to multos da, Iuppiter annos. cf. Sen. ep. 49 § 10 doce non esse positum bonum vitae in spatio eius, sed in usu. For inter with superlatives see Iuv. II

10 inter...notissima. Hand Tursell. III 394.

XI 172

In the symposium of Xenophon c. 9 the young Autolykos retires with his father before the mimic representation of the drunken Bacchus and Ariadne is introduced. The effect of the action upon the spectators (§ 7) fully justifies the father's caution and Juvenal's protest.

XII

108 P. Armandi histoire des éléphants dans les guerres et les fêtes des peuples anciens jusqu'à l'introduction des armes à feu, Limoges, Ardent et C. 1881. pp. 304.

129 130 MONTIBUS AURUM EXAEQUET, NEC AMET QUEMQUAM, NEC AMETUR AB ULLO I long ago traced these words to their source Cic. amic. § 52 nam quis est, pro deorum fidem atque hominum! qui velit, ut neque diligat quemquam nec ipse ab ullo diligatur, circumfluere omnibus copiis atque in omnium rerum abundantia vivere?