: for the hyperbaton cp. Sat. 1. 5. 49 'pila lippis è crudis,' and below vv. 69, 70.

reading of V. Most of the MSS. have 'ac,' htly objected to; 'sordes' ('meanness,' see v. 107) e to 'mala lustra,'' haunts of debauchery.' Bentl.

perh. in its simplest sense, praise myself too, father.

the school at Venusia.

gnis, i. e. so much grander than I was.

s been taken either as = the capsa' of Juv. Sat. quitur custos angustae vernula capsae,' of a case , writing materials, &c., or in its more usual sense 17) of a receptacle for money, here probably for e former case 'tabula' will be a writing tablet (cp. , quoted by Mayor from Philostratus). In the taken more closely with 'loculos' as the ‘abacus ’ d on which the counters were to be placed. The cribe the implements for the arithmetic lesson; cp. line is repeated Epp. 1. 1. 56. For the construction e with the passive part. see Madvig, § 237 b. dibus aera. There is serious question as to reado the vulgate it is best explained of the monthly our months' summer holidays of country schools as the yearly payment and full year's schooling in g their fees on the Ides of eight months.' The disd regularly for the cardinal numeral with a noun in form even when singular in sense, as 'bina e alternative reading which also has good authority bus aeris,' where 'aeris' is equivalent to 'asses,' as Rosc. 10. 28 'duodecim aeris.' The distributive ght asses on each Ides.' This reading is interpreted nos pro mercedibus, octonos asses aeris.' On the e note of the Comm. Cruq. shows that he found being puzzled by it, got out of the difficulty by treatdibus' as a hypallage for 'octonos asses Idibus,' cest singulis Idibus referebant octonos asses aeris cholastica.' This is possibly the origin of the other ust be confessed, however, that there is more obvious naming the amount of the fee than in giving the nths of school time.

anches of knowledge, what Ovid (Pont. 2. 9. 47) calls s,' grammar, rhetoric, philosophy, &c.

gno ut populo, 'as befitted a great city.' At ight have gone as others carrying his own books, &c. 1. 1. 148 'magno in populo,' ' in some great city.'

isset... crederet. Cp. Sat. 1. 3. 5-7. The impft. : deny the hypothesis, but is due to the past time and statements: any one who saw would (was sure to)

6

believe.' The tense of 'vidisset 'is because in present time it would be viderit' believing is subsequent to seeing. Cp. also (with Bentl.) Sat. 2. 3. 93.

avita, of at least two generations.

81. custos = Taidaуwyós: see on Sat. 1. 4. 118, and cp. A. P. 161. 239, Juv. S. 7. 218; usually a confidential slave, to watch over a boy, take him to school, keep him from harm, &c. Horace's father will depute the office to none.

83. primus, the 'first'in point of time-virtue must begin there. Cp. sapientia prima' Epp. I. I. 41.

84. His father's presence protected him not only from temptation but from scandal: turpi belongs to both substantives.

85. sibi vitio verteret si, a phrase of Latin prose, Cic. Fam. 7. 6. 1, 'reckon it as a fault of his if.' For the case of' vitio' see Madv. § 249.

86. praeco: Dict. Ant. s. v. It was a calling which was looked down on; Juv. S. 7. 5 'nec foedum alii nec turpe putarent Praecones fieri,' with Mayor's note. Cp. Epod. 4. 12, Sat. 2. 2. 47, Epp. 1. 7. 56, A. P. 419.

coactor, 'collector.' The term was used in several connexions. In this case the Suetonian life of Horace defines its meaning by adding exactionum'; but this again may mean either generally 'dues,' 'debts,' or specially the dues farmed by 'publicani.' See Cic. pro Rab. Post. 11. 30, from which we learn that a 'coactor' was allowed one per cent. on his collection.

87. at hoc. I have followed all the editors in altering the 'ad' of the MSS. and Acr. to 'at,' and it is an improvement; but 'ad hoc' ('ad haec' Cruq. gives, following 'one Bland.') seems possible: see on Epod. 9. 16 and Epp. 1. 19. 45. It must be remembered that mistakes between 'ad' and 'at' were inevitable. Cp. the statement of Quintilian 1. 7. 5 'Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia ut ad cum esset praepositio d litteram, cum autem coniunctio & acciperet.' In our reading 'hoc' is ablative, as in v. 41 of the Satire.

89. paeniteat: see on Sat. I. 5. 44, 'sanum' gives the condition, while I am in my sound senses.'

'culpa

90. dolo suo, said (by Heind.) to be a juristic_use= sua'; but perhaps with some play 'that it is not of malice prepense.' 93. ratio, 'sententia' Porph., opposed to 'vox,' as it often is to 'oratio,' 'what I think as well as what I say.'

94. a certis annis, ' after a fixed period.' 'If life repeated itself in cycles.' Cruquius' note is 'post mille annos ait Plato in

Phaedro.'

95. According to this punctuation 'quoscumque' goes with 'alios legere,' 'to choose others whoever they might be'; 'optaret beginning the apodosis, 'each might choose for himself." This gives more force to 'optaret sibi quisque,' though it is less simple than to take those words (with no stop after 'parentis ') with 'quoscumque''whomsoever each chose.'

o the full of their pride,' as 'ad voluntatem,' 'ad

fascibus. For the ablative cp. above v. 36' ignota

5.'

'curulibus': cp. Epp. 1. 6. 53 'cui libet hic fascis curule... ebur.'

li. The early morning levées in great people's standing vexation in Roman life, Virg. G. 2. 462, ll., 5. 19 foll., 76 foll. 'Salutare' was used both of and those who received the call. See Cic. ad Fam. salutamus domi. . . multos... qui me perofficiose Horace is here giving a whimsical list of the inconh would beset him if he were a great man, he is it in this latter sense.

Deregreve. So with most editors I have given; but not quite certain. The mass of MSS. have 'rusve nd Porph. interpreted it 'ordo est rusve aut peregre.' arsh, but the conjunction ‘ve’. . . ' aut' is possible: 23. It is suggested that the hypermetric line (for 1. 4. 96) caused the substitution in early copies of

8, Epp. 1. 14. 42; used by Horace apparently for ants in his town establishment.

da, a train of them. Contrast Umbricius' household which 'raeda componitur una.'

four-wheel chariots': Epp. 2. I. 192.

da curta' Comm. Cruq. No illustration has been 'curtus equus,' in Prop. 4. 1. 20, means a horse whose cut off; see Dict. Ant. s. v. Palilia) nor better explana

ca. 'Mantica pera est, sed hoc ex Luciliano illo ' (Frag. 3. 31); 'Mantica cantheri costas gravitate orph.).

see above on v. 24.

us atque aliis, probably neuter, 'in thousands of 'The more usual expression would be 'mille aliis,' the g ordinarily an adjective, the plural always a substano be noticed, however, that this is not a case of 'milih a substantive in agreement. It is rather a peculiarity of aliis,' an adjective instead of a genitive case, besides' rather than 'thousands of others '-aλλai ead of alwv. The genitive, whether it be neut. or. derstood.

cem Circum, because it was the haunt of astrologers tellers,' the 'divini' of the next verse. Cp. 'de Circo Enn. apud Cic. Divin. 1. 50, ‘Si mediocris erit (if the woman is of middling rank), spatium lustrabit utrimque e. on each side of the "spina" in the Circus) et sortis mque manumque Praebebit vati' Juv. S. 6. 582.

vespertinum Epod. 16. 51. n., cp. 'nocturnus' Sat. 1. 3. 117. In sense both adjectives are meant to qualify both substantives. 115. ciceris, a kind of pulse: Sat. 2. 3. 182, A. P. 249.

lagani, described by the Scholiasts as a thin cake of fine flour served with pepper sauce. It would resemble the modern Italian

maccaroni.

116. pueris tribus. The case is probably abl. Cp. Epp. 1. 1. 94 'curatus inaequali tonsore,' and see on Od. 1. 6. 2 Vario . alite.' As Palmer puts it, such an abl. is used 'where the circumstances rather than the agent are that to which attention is called.' It is the fact that there were three boys, not that he was waited on by boys. In other words it is an abl. absol.

lapis albus, a slab of white marble serving as a sideboard. Cp. the furniture of Codrus, Juv. 3. 203 'urceoli sex Ornamentum abaci.'

117. pocula ... cyatho: the 'cyathus' (see Od. 3. 19. 12) was for ladling in measured quantity from the 'crater.' A pair of drinking cups was usually set for a single drinker: see Conington on Virg. E. 3. 36. So we find 'scyphorum paria' Cic. Verr. 2. 19. 47 and often.

echinus, some vessel of the shape of the sea urchin. The purpose was in doubt in the time of the Scholiasts, 'vas aeneum in quo calices lavantur,' Acr., 'vas salis in modum echini. marini' Com. Cruq. With the second explanation, cp. ' concha salis' Sat. I. 3. 14.

118. cum patera gutus, a flat saucer and a narrow-necked flask ('a gutis gutum appellarunt' Varro). These seem to have been used for libations.

Campana, of Campanian ware: trulla.'

...

Sat. 2. 3. 144 'Campana

120. obeundus Marsya, 'to visit Marsyas,' i. e. to go to the Forum. 'Marsya statua erat pro Rostris ad quam solebant homines illi convenire qui inter se litis atque negotia componebant . . . a statua nomen locus acceperat ' Acr. Cp. Mart. 2. 64. 7 'fora litibus omnia fervent: Ipse potest fieri Marsya causidicus,' i.e. the statue itself may find a voice and join in the pleading. Either the face of pain on this statue (cp. Juv. S. 9. 1 'Scire velim quare totiens mihi, Naevole, tristis Occurras... ceu Marsya victus') or the uplifted hand ('Marsyas in foro positus... qui erecta manu,' &c. Servius on Virg. Aen. 4. 58) is represented satirically by Horace as indicating displeasure at the sight of the younger Novius, moneylender, according to the Scholiasts. For the form Marsya see on Sat. I. 5. 100.

a

122. With this description of Horace's day compare the account which Cicero gives of himself when he professes to have given up active politics, ad Fam. 9. 20' Haec est igitur nunc vita nostra, mane salutamus domi multos... ubi salutatio defluxit litteris me involvo, aut scribo aut lego. Veniunt etiam qui me audiant . . . Inde corpori omne tempus datur.'

ad quartam: see on Sat. 1. 5. 23.

iaceo, sc. 'in lectulo lucubratorio': see on Sat. 1. 4. 133. Horace would not approve of sleep beyond the first hour; see Epp. 1. 17. 6, 1. 18. 34. On the other hand he speaks of reading and composing in the early morning, Epp. 1. 2. 35, 2. I. 112.

post hanc vagor. He started sometimes earlier, for in Sat. 1. 9. 35 he has been afoot for some time at the end of the third hour.

aut ego lecto (pass. part., not frequentative verb as Porph. took it) to be connected with what follows-'I stroll, or when I have read or written for the amusement of my quiet hours, I anoint myself,' i. e. prepare for exercise. 'Lecto, &c.' repeats, with explanation, the previous 'ad quartam... post hanc': the emphatic ego' is due to the fact that he is calling special attention to the freedom and variety of his day as compared with that of others. Bentley connects' aut ego-iuvet' with 'vagor,' 'I stroll after either reading or writing, &c.' The list of occupations is then 'iaceo,' vagor," unguor," but is there time before the sun is hot for both the stroll and the game of ball?

9.6

124. fraudatis, the lamps were stinted or robbed. The using of bad oil is a form of petty parsimony familiar in Latin poets, Sat. 2. 2. 59, 2. 3. 125, 2. 4. 50; Juv. S. 5. 87 foll., where notice 'olebit lanternam.'

126. lusum trigonem, 'the game of three,' a game of ball. The word 'trigon' is found elsewhere only in Martial; there as a subst. denoting either the game (4. 19. 5 'tepidum trigona,' 7. 72. 9 'trigone nudo,' i. e. which men stripped to play; cp. Horace's 'unguor') or the ball (ib. 12. 83. 3 captabit tepidum dextra laevaque trigonem'). Horace speaks in Sat. 2. 6. 49 of playing (ball) in the Campus, on which the Comm. Cruq. annotates, 'solebant Romani in Campo Martio ludere pila trigonali.' Bentley himself suggested altering 'lusum' into 'nudum,' to make it correspond with Mart. 7. 72. 9. Munro, thinking 'trigon' was the ball itself, would either take 'lusum' as a participle='elusum,'' cheated,' 'left in the lurch,' or alter it to 'pulsum.' Some doubt hangs over the reading. All existing MSS. except g (a Gotha MS. of the 15th century) have 'rabiosi tempora signi,' and this was the text interpreted by all the Scholiasts. V (which is often followed by g) had the text as I have given it in accordance with most editors since Bentley. The origin of the divergence cannot be guessed. 'Rabiosi tempora signi' has been taken both of the heat of noon,-'signi'=' solis,'and of the dog days, ' aestivi tempora sicca Canis' Tibull. 1. 4. 6 ; cp. Od. 1. 17. 17' Caniculae vitabis aestus.' Neither is satisfactory. The first makes the two lines tautological. The second is open to Heindorf's complaint that Horace is not giving an account of his day in July and August only: Munro adds that Horace would not be in Rome in the dog days.

127. interpellet durare, 'save me from lasting the day out,' i. e. till the 'cena.' The prose construction would be 'quin,' 'quominus,' or 'ne,' with the subj.