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our hope from the experience of the yeelde in other parts of this countrey, as is very credibly related to us."

Doubtful as this yield appears to us, we cease to wonder when reading a little further on that the virgin soil is composed of "a black moulde a foote deepe, and then comes after red earth.”

Alsop, writing of Maryland a few years later for the instruction of his friends in England, says: "All sorts of grain as wheat, rye, barley, oats, peas, besides several others that bore their original and birth from the fertile womb of this land [and nowhere else] they all grow, increase and thrive here in Maryland without the chargeable and laborious manuring of the land with dung, increasing in such a measure and plenty by the natural richness of the earth, with the common beneficial and convenient showers of rain that usually wait on the several fields of grain [by a natural instinct] so that famine [the dreadful ghost of penury and want] is never known with his pale visage to haunt the dominions of Maryland."

The letter which Leonard Calvert left for the Governor of Virginia from his Majesty the King caused that gentleman to welcome the settlers by an early visit, and to give them "as noble usage as the place afforded, with promise that for their cattle and hogges, corne and poultry our plantation should not want the open way to furnish ourselves from thence."

Disappointing as it may be to many who have treasured the tradition of bricks imported from England, these letters, written a few weeks after the landing at St. Mary's, inform us as well as they did Cæcilius Calvert nearly 270 years ago that "Governor Harvie told us that when his lordship should be resolved on a convient place to make

himself a seat he should be able to provide him with as much brike and tile as he should have occasion to imploy until his lordship had made his own."

The next year, in the account of the plantation, the Proprietary says: "We have a loam which makes as fine bricks as any in England."

After this no one can hope to have any thoughtful person believe that bricks were ever "imported from England" to build the great old mansions and churches of Colonial days, when the little caravels had their capacity more than taxed in bringing over settlers and their household necessities.

CHAPTER VI

GOODS BROUGHT BY FIRST SETTLERS

WHILE We have known, of course, that the first settlers had to bring with them all the necessities of life, we have never known in detail what was brought, nor does it seem possible that the Ark and and Dove could carry the adventurers themselves and all of the provisions necessary for so tedious a voyage and the beginnings of life in an unfamiliar country, even though one of the party speaks of the Ark as our "great ship, as strong as could be made of oak and iron, 400 tonne-King built, making fair weather in great storms!"

We knew that they brought a barge in sections, which was put together after their arrival, but it is due entirely to a most unexpected find that we are privileged to know what were considered necessities in those days, and after reading the list we cannot but believe that Caecilius Calvert held the doctrine of the younger Motley that the luxuries are more essential than the necessities of life!

We must not forget, however, that Lord Baltimore and the gentlemen of his set belonged to the gay court circle of the reign of Charles I.

The following is the inventory of the articles to be brought over by each adventurer, issued by Cæcilius Calvert at London:

"A note for adventurer's memory of such things as he may carry with him either for his own better accommo

dation on ship-board, or for some time after his arrival in Maryland, or for trade, according to his abilitie:

"Fine wheat flour close and well packed to make puddings. Claret wine burnt. Canary sack, confernes, marmalades, suckers and spices, sallet oyle, prunes to stew, live poultry, rice, butter, Holland cheese, porke, dried meat tongues, beefe packed up in vinegar, some weather sheep, meats baked in earthen pots, leggs of mutton minced and stewed and close packed up in tried sewet or butter in earthen pots; juice of limons, etc."

Another list called "Provision for Adventurer's House" is as follows: "Iron and locks and hinges and bolts, etc., mustard seed, glasse and lead, for his windowes, mault for beere, a Hogshead of beefe or porke, two or three firkins of butter, a hundred or two of old cheeses, a gallon of honey, soap and candles, iron wedges, porkes, for rennet to make cheese-a good mastiffe, etc."

None could doubt that a man prepared the above memoranda, which run so largely to cheeses and sack-and mixed "sallet oyle" (salad oil) with live poultry and soap, and candles with a gallon of honey.

The Lord Baltimore is more in his element when giving directions as to the necessary provisions for fishing and fowling to the gentlemen adventurers. These he declares are "necessaries for a boat of 3 or 4 tunne, spokes, nayles, pitch, tarre, acorne, canvis for a sayle, ropes, anchor, iron for ruther, fishing lines for cod and mackrills, cod hookes and mackrill hookes, a sceane of basse net, herring netts, leade fowling pieces of sixe-foote, powder and shott and flint stones-a good water spaniel," etc.

Accompanying the directions for the gentlemen adventurers' supplies we find also "A particular of such neces

sary provisions as every adventurer must carry, according to the number of his servants."

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