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against helping them to return to Great Britain, some did succeed in getting back to Scotland and were exempted in the King's act of grace. Most of these sturdy clansman, however, remained and settled in large number in Prince George's County and called their home "New Scotland;" and let us hope it was a happier one. The names of those who fought against the King at Preston and were banished to Maryland were: John Pitter, James Nethery, Dugall Macqueen, Alexander Smith, Abraham Lowe, Henry Wilson, Alexander Gorden, John Hay, William Seimn, Alexander Spalding, Leonard Robinson, John Blondell, John Sinclair, William Grant, Thomas Spark, James Webster, William Cumin, Allen Machen, John Robertson, Farq. Macgilvary, David Mills, Patrick Cooper, Jeremiah Dunbarr, John Degedy, William McBean, Thomas Lowey, John Glaney, William Macgilvary, Alexander Nave, James Hindry, William Mabbery, James Small, James White, John Macbayn, Robert Henderson, Thomas Potts, George Thompson, John Ramsey, Alexander Reind, Thomas Forbus, William Davidson, James Mitchell, James Lowe, James Derholme, James Allein, James White, Thomas Donoldson, James Hill, David Stewart, Henry Lunsdale, Arch. Macdonall, alias Kennedy; Charles Donalson, William Mare, Hector Macqueen, John Maclean, John MacIntire, William Onam, Alexander Macqueen, Alexander Macdugall, David Macqueen, John Macdonald, John Poss, Robert Stobbs, Finley Cameron, John Mertison, Alexander Swinger, William MacGilvray, Patrick Hunter, Henry Farchaser, Alexander Mortimer, James Robertson, Thomas Butter, Andrew Davidson, Thomas Smith, Thomas MacNabb, James Shaw, Donald Robertson, Andrew Daw, John Couchan, Henry Murray. These were sent over as

King's rebels in the ship Friendship, of Belfast, August 20, 1716. On the 18th of October a second shipload was sent to Maryland, and included William Macferson, Thomas Shaw, Miles Beggs, John Macgregier, Daniel Steward, Duncan Ferguson, John Mackewan, David Graham, William Johnson, James Mallone, George Neulson, John Chambers, James Sinclare, Alexander Orrach, James Crampson, John Stewart, Pott. Smith, George Hodgson, Malcolm Malcolm, James MacIntosh, John Cameron, David Lauder, Francis Macbean, William Simpson, John Kennery, James Bowe, Laughlin McIntosh, Alexander MacIntosh, William Furguson, James Dixon, Richard Withington, Thomas Berry, James Maclearn, Rowland Robertson, Ninian Brown, Daniel Kennedy, Patrick Mackey, Angus Macdermott, James MacIntosh, Hugh Macdugall, John Maccollum, William Shaw, Hugh MacIntire, Finloe MacIntire, Richard Brick, James Shaw, Daniel Grant, Hugh White, James Rutherford, Thomas Hume, James Renton, Alexander Macgiffin, Humphrey Sword, James Sumervill, John Shaftal. These names, copied by Scharf from the London Public Record office, are only those sent as prisoners of war after the defeat of Mar and Derwentwater's rising, 1715-16. No official list of those sent after 1651-52 has been brought to light, although it is known from references in the history of the various uprisings in the seventeenth century that prisoners taken by the victors were sent beyond the seas. Some records fix definitely the name and lineage of individuals who were banished.

CHAPTER XLVII

THE FOUNTAIN PEN IN THE TIME OF CHARLES II

THE quill pen and inkhorn have long been thought to be the most elegant accessories of a Colonial gentleman's writing desk known in the period of the Stuart kings. There is now, however, reason to believe that many a courtier in drooping plume and velvet doublet carried a fountain pen tucked away in some hidden pocket behind his lace ruffles, for in the criminal records of the English local courts the writer recently found an entry, dated "December 17, Charles II," stating that several persons broke into the house of one George Agard (in England) and stole among other things, "three silver fountain pens, worth 15 shillings."

The fact that there were three of these pens in one household is evidence that they were not rarities and were in common use at that day in England. It is not improbable that some of these very useful and convenient articles came in the Ark with the first adventurers. That they were in use in Maryland early in the next century and fully 100 years before the modern invention of the fountain pen of the nineteenth century, is certain, for in the year 1734 Robert Morris, the elder, has entered upon his private ledger, "one fountain pen" among the expenses of Robert Morris the younger, who was at the time under the care of Mr. Robert Greenway, in Philadelphia, where he was being educated.

The curious thing is not so much to find that the foun

tain pen was a commonplace article in the seventeenth century, but to note its disuse and its revival as a new invention not more than 100 years later. Robert Morris, Jr., was a lad of about fourteen years of age when his father allowed him a fountain pen to use at school. There is no record to enlighten us as to its form, neither are we told what the "fountain" consisted of in the English pens stolen of five shillings value each. Certain it is, however, that after that time, the quill pen was the only one known for a long period. It is possible that the English silver fountain pen was one of the articles of luxury which the colonists could do without and would not import after the troubles began with the mother country, and after the final separation the quill pen of home manufacture was used perhaps in the same spirit that homespun was worn by the women who scorned the Stamp Act.

It is, however, exceedingly interesting to find that what we have considered a very up-to-date invention of the strenuous days is in reality nothing more than a revival of the Colonial period.

CHAPTER XLVIII

EARLY DIVORCE LAW

IN VIEW of the recent prominence given to the question of divorce as the result of the action of the Episcopal Convention at Boston, it is pleasing to find that there was no divorce court in early Maryland, where evidently the oldfashioned way was to marry for better or worse. The home life was fuller in the early days, and every woman's mission was to be queen of her household and the father generally was content to be the revered head of his kingdom, where many little pattering feet ran to do his bidding and many sweet, young, flower-like faces wreathed his daily board as for a festal feast. These were the days on which the ideal of the home life is based. The sanctity of the marriage vow was inviolable in early Maryland. Knowing this to be true, it was more than surprising-it was shocking-to hear a son of a Colonial family recently assert that the reason why there were no very early marriage licenses in the county court houses, is because people were not as a rule married in Colonial times. Indeed, this youth was apparently as pleased with his discovery as a new convert to Darwinism is when he first claims his monkey origin!

However, as Maryland was settled by a Christian people of a civilization which produced a Shakespeare, we need not give other proofs of the marriage vow, but will rather cite the most notable case on record regarding the impossibility of obtaining a divorce in the Palati

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