AN

INTRODUCTION

ΤΟ

ARITHMETIC.

BY JAMES GRAY,

Late of Peebles and Dundee, Author of "A Concise Spelling-Book,
for the Use of Children," etc.

WITH TABLES AND EXERCISES ON DECIMAL COINAGE
AND THE METRIC SYSTEM.

Ninety-eighth Edition, Stereotyped.

EDINBURGH:

OLIVER AND BOYD, TWEEDDALE COURT.
LONDON: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, AND CO.

17'APR

New Style.

Old Style.

SIGNS USED IN ARITHMETIC.

Plus, the sign of Addition.
Minus, the sign of Subtraction.
The sign of the difference when it is not
known which is the greater.

X The sign of Multiplication.
÷The sign of Division.

::: The sign of Proportion.

✔or

:

The sign of the Square Root.
The sign of the Cube Root.
The sign of the Fourth Root.

ARITHMETICAL TABLES.

NUMERATION TABLE.

4 1 9, 8 7 6. 3 4 8, 9 8 7.6 5 4,

4 1 9, 8 7 6, 5 4 8, 9 8 7, 6 5 4, 3 2 1

∞ Hundreds Tens - Units

7

14 | 15

3 4 5 6

7 8 89

9

8 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13

9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

63|

80

88 96

5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45|50|55| 60

6|12|18| 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 48| 7 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 42 | 49 | 56 | 8 16 24 | 32 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 64

54|60|66| 72 70| 77| 81

72

10 | 10 | 20 | 30

9

90

81

| 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 91827 36 | 45 | 54 | 63|72 |