Arkwright machinery, 384, 397, 399, 400, 402, 403,
410.

Armories, public, 495, 608, 631.

Artificers, condition of, in 16th century, 19; first
sent to America, 25; emigration of, prohibited,
396, 397, 630.

Arts and Manufactures in 16th and 17th centn-
ries, 13, 15, 81; in middle ages, 17, 18; canses
of slow growth, 22, 23; introduced in America,
24, 27.

Asbestos, paper made of, 207; early mention of,

551.

Axes, 486, 494, 608, 617.

BALTIMORE, shipbuilding, 79, 82; growth of, 79,
S1, 229, 586; mills, 112, 146, 147, 595; printing,
176, 187; brickmaking, 229; breweries, 263;
cloth making, 336, 396, 398; ladies of, 395; tan-
neries, 448; iron works, 585, 586, 587, 590, 593,
594; coal, 595; gas light first, 595; exports of,
337, 397; tradesmen, petitions of, 81, 398, 594.
Bark mills, 440, 445, 453, 454.

Barley and Malt, 123, 143, 245, 246, 249, 256, 257,
258,259,261, 262.

Beer, Ale and Porter, use of, in early times, 244,
259; first excised in England, 247; in America,
251, 252; prices of at different times, 99, 249,
257, 259, 260, 261, 262; exported, 250, 258, 260,
261, 262; importations of, 261; quality of, 230,
261. (See BREWING.)

Beeswax exported, 337; premium for, 406.
Bennington, Vt., 205, 206, 511, 523, 524.
Berkshire, 102, 128, 420; iron ore and works, 493-
495.

Beverly cotton factory, 399.

Bible, first printed in America, 157, 158; first in
English, 159, 181, 183.

Bleaching, 204, 205, 397, 405, 406, 407, 408; pre-
miums for, 369, 416.

Boat building, 37, 44, 75, 77, 107.
Boats, Durham, and Arks, 84. 107, 559.
Bolting act, New York, 60, 133, 441; mills, 142.
Books, first printed in British America, 31, 154;
first medical, 162; trade fairs established, 189-
blank first, 192, 197;-binding and binders, 157,
158, 190, 191, 192, 193; price of, 190;-sellers,
early, 189, 190; premiums for, 406.
Boots prohibited, 435; limited use of, 454.
Boring mills for guns, 486, 492, 566, 573.
BOSTON, Shipbuilding, 39, 40, 41, 42, 47, 48; mills
at, 96, 117, 118, 123, 128; printing, 162-167, 177,

183, 184, 185, 187; booksellers and bookbinders,
157, 190, 191, 192, 197; paper making, 197, 200,
209, 210, 237; stops importing, 202, 237, 372,
373, 374, 375, 379; type foundry, 212; first brick
house in, 219; described, 220, 221; glassworks,
241; vineyard, 269; salt works, 290; rope-
making, 303, 419; solid men of, 314; spinning
schools and linen manufactures, 333, 334, 335,
345, 362, 372, 375, 376, 419; hatmaking, 342;
port bill passed, 379; card factories, 388, 420,
497; mint house, 477; mechanics, 500; fire en-
gines, 500.

Bounties and Premiums parliamentary, on naval
stores and raw materials, 99, 105, 328, 337, 358,
365, 372, 624; on indigo and silk, 323, 358; on
exports, 337, 344;-domestic, on manufactures
and raw materials in Massachusetts, 299, 334,
335, 362; in Rhode Island, 334, 335, 398; in
Connecticut, 200, 335, 418; in New York, 367,
368, 369, 455, 532; in Pennsylvania, 206, 316,
336, 363, 381, 402, 406, 407, 409, 578, 579, 619; in
Delaware, 346; in Maryland, 592; in Virgina,
320, 321, 352, 383, 606; in North Carolina, 615,
616; in South Carolina, 382, 416, 417, 619; in
Georgia, 357; of Society of Arts in London (see
SOCIETY OF ARTS AND MANUFACTURES); and
drawback effects of, 327.

Bowdoin, Governor, 242, 367, 414, 498, 499.
Bradford, William, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 196, 197.
Braintree, 221, 239, 472, 474, 475, 476.

Brandy, first made in America, 250; household
manufacture of, 238, 262, 264, 265, 274, 276.
Brass and Bronze, antiquity of, 465; American,

546.

Brass and Bell Founding in Massachusetts, 476,
485, 487, 492, 496, 497; in Rhode Island, 502,
503; in Connecticut, 510, 518; in Pennsylvania,
568, 573, 574; in Maryland, 594.
Brazil, first cotton from, 354.
Brewing and Malting, 244-265; in Massachusetts,
245-250; use of Maize in, 247, 258, 263; in
Rhode Island and Connecticut, 250; in New
York, 250-254, 257; taxed, 251; in Albany,
254; monopoly of, 255; prohibited, 256; regu-
lated, 249, 257; in New Jersey, 257, 258; in
Pennsylvania and Delaware, 258-262; in Mary-
land and Virginia, 27, 262-264; in Carolina
and Georgia, 264; as a household art, 244, 258,
263, 264; of pale ale and porter first, 265. (See
BEER, &c.)

Bricks and Tiles, 216-231; first in New England,
217, 221; in Virginia, 28, 220; in New York,
222; in New Jersey, 226; in Pennsylvania,
228; Maryland, 229; Carolina and Georgia,
229; prices of, 222, 223, 224, 226; exports of,
231; duty on, 222, 224, 231; improvements in
making, 231.

Bridges, iron, proposed, 519, 581.

Bridgewater, 346, 398, 485, 486, 487, 488, 496.
British Trade acts and policy, origin of, 87, 202,
306, 324, 325, 327.

Board of Trade and Plantations created, 305, 326;
reports and suggestions to, respecting colonies,
57, 61, 63, 68, 69, 90, 97, 162, 199, 200, 236, 322,
326, 328, 329, 330, 337, 339, 340, 341, 342, 346,
362, 370, 371, 489, 491, 522, 526, 527, 530.
Broadcloth, 331, 344, 366, 371, 372, 375, 377, 383,
418; first fine in Europe and America, 306, 421.

620; price of, 30, 355, 386, 405, 408; consumption
of in England, 397; duty on foreign, 410;—man-
ufacture, antiquity of and whence derived, 306;
known to aborigines, 307; first in England, 308;
in America, 309; early mention of, 369; encour-
agement of, 381, 383; first jenny and company
engaged in, 383-387; in Massachusetts, 396;
domestic unions" first advertised, 396, 398;
first New England factory, 399; first water
frame, 401; Slater's the first successful one,
403; shirting, checks, &c., first made, 404;
Philadelphia manufacture, 404-409; assisted
by Act of Assembly, 409; water mill in Caro-
lina, 417; household products of, 412, 413.
Cottons, India, first, 331, 365, 411.
Coxe, Tench, 49, 410; promotes manufactures,
397, 400, 405, 408; his plan of a manufacturing
town, 410; various statements of, 82, 261, 262,
277, 364, 405, 408, 410, 412, 413, 423, 459, 460,
573, 608.

Crompton, his mule jenny, 397.

Currency, early colonial, 54, 78, 99, 109, 146, 156,
233, 264, 335, 336, 428, 477; paper prohibited,
345, 355, 365; continental, 393, 394.

Curriers, laws respecting, 433, 436, 439, 447; a
corporate body in England, 434; prices paid to
in Philadelphia, 444; oil, 444, 458.
Cutlers, 391, 502, 568, 575.

Cylinders, steam, first, 534, 577, 590; for calico
printing invented, 397.

Danvers, 453, 483.
Dedham, 313, 497.

Deer-skins (see BUCKSKINS).

DELAWARE shipbuilding, 77, 78; mills, 110, 111,
139, 145; printing, 178; paper-inaking, 201,
207, 210; bricks and pottery, 227, 229; brewing,
258, 262; vines, 270; salt, 285, 286, 290; cloth
and its materials, 315, 319, 346, 353, 363, 364;
leather and skins, 443, 447, 461; iron works
and mines, 552, 583, 585.

Delft ware, 223.

Diamonds, 612.

Dies for coins, 477, 492, 510, 580.

Distaff and spindle, not used in this country,

332.

Distilling, 30, 51, 250, 263, 264, 265, 340, 600;
prohibited, 140, 256, 276.

Domestic comfort in England in 16th and 17th
centuries, 18, 19; in America, 208, 209, 216, 224,
234, 235, 259, 556.
Dorchester, 39, 122, 221.
Dry dock, 41.

Duffles, frizes, &c., 344.

Duck and sail cloth, premiums for, 334, 335, 340,
419; patent for, 335; bounty on export of, 337;
British only to be used, 337; manufacture re-
commended by Congress, 391; importations of,
411, 412, 496; household manufacture of, 413,
419; factories, 371, 373, 419, 420.

Duties, parliamentary, proposed, 337; first laid,
365, 482; on stamps, 201, 203, 337; on tea, glass,
paper, &c., 202, 237, 372, 375, 379; on sugars,
wines, calicoes, &c., 355, 367; on iron and its
manufactures, 597, 624;-domestic on tonnage,
41, 54, 62, 71, 72, 78, 92; on cordage, 84; first
excise, 251; on barley, hops, and malt,
246, 249, 260, 261; on liquors, 250, 251, 259,
269; on glass, 242; on salt, 285; on cotton, 410;
on imports generally, 54, 60, 423, 631; on
leather aud its manufactures, 463; on iron and
its manufacture, 499, 500, 590, 631; on exports,
60, 109, 590.

Dyeing aud dressing of cloth, in England, 81, 305;

in America, 330, 333, 366, 376, 392, 415, 417, 418,
420; price of, 400, 408; of leather, 458, 459,
Dyestuffs, native, 319, 348, 350, 351, 356, 382;
enumerated, 87 (see INDIGO, MADDER, &c.)

Earthenware (see POTTERY).

East Indies and China, importations from, 331,

635

338, 341, 398; first raw cotton from, 355; early
voyages to, 55, 64, 261, 262.

Easton, Massachusetts, 486, 487, 496; Pennsyl-,
vania, 558, 559.

Edge tools, 28, 476, 486, 489, 494, 570, 627.
Edwards, Col. William, 442, 453, 454.

Eliot, Rev. John, 154, 157, 160; Rev. Jared, on
silk, 361; makes iron and steel from magnetic
sand, 514, 515.

Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 197, 253, 442, 443, 453,
456, 540.

Emigration checked, 38, 296-298, 431.

Engineers and machinists, early, 100, 470, 476,
504, 534, 547, 568, 576, 577, 581, 594, 595.
Engravers, early, 172, 397, 492, 519; calico, 377,
396, 404.

Evans, Oliver, 76, 115, 130, 145, 147, 149, 388, 568,
576, 578, 595.

Exeter, New Hampshire, 58, 130, 420.
Export of ships, 44, 46, 47, 49, 56, 58, 63, 70, 89, 91,
341, 455; of lumber, &c., 26, 56, 68, 108, 109, 111,
113, 115, 147, 341; of flour, bread stuffs, &c., 123,
133, 134, 137, 138, 143, 145, 148, 149; of beer,
250, 258, 260, 261, 262; of bricks, 231; of hemp
and flaxseed, 335, 337, 346, 378; of wool,
woolens, and hats, 327, 340, 342, 343, 371; of
indigo, 348, 349; of cotton, 349, 351, 354; of raw
silk, 337, 357, 358, 359; of leather, shoes, &c.,
434, 435, 449, 450, 452, 458, 460, 462; of deer
skins, 447, 449; of iron and its manufactures,
491, 527, 535, 549, 550, 569, 571, 584, 589, 599,
625, 628; total, 344; duties on, 60, 109, 590; of
machinery from England prohibited, 378, 396,
409, 630; from Pennsylvania, 579.

Fairs established, 258, 315.

Federal procession in Pennsylvania, 74, 262, 422,
462, 574.

File cutting, 551.

Fire arms, manufacture of, in Massachusetts,
414, 486, 492, 494, 498; in Rhode Island, 504; in
Connecticut, 516; in New York, 537, in Penn-
sylvania, 568, 572, 573; in Maryland, 591-594;
in Virginia, 607; in Carolina, 616; prices of,
572, 573, 592, 593; description of, 573, 592;
premiums for, 516, 592;-engines first in Amer-
ica, 478, 500, 501, 576; not to be imported, 372;
rivets for hose invented, 492.

Fisheries early commenced, 37, 41, 38, 43, 44, 45,
47, 51, 69; first deep sea, 278, 279.
Fish hooks, 27, 374, 498.

Fitch, John, builds first steamboat in America,
76, 77, 84, 595; first working steam engine, 577;
bred a watchmaker, 521.

Flax and hemp culture in Virginia, 26, 33, 34, 35,
319, 321, 326, 336, 337, 383; in New England,
300, 314, 331, 345, 346, 378, 382; in New York,
367, 368; in New Jersey, 314, 362, 390; in Peun-
sylvania, 335, 336, 406; in Delaware, 346;
premiums and bounties for, 335, 362, 367, 368,
406; seed exported, 335, 337, 346, 378; price of,
415; dressing and spinning machinery, 335,
346, 369, 376, 383.

Flour and grain, exports of, 40, 133, 137, 138, 143,
145, 148, 149.

Fly shuttle first used, 333, 401, 410, 413.
Forges, iron smelting, early British, 467, 480;
first in New England, 472; bloomary, first, 479,
480, 489; first in Rhode Island, 501; destroyed
by Indians, 29, 469, 483, 502, 552;-plating pro-
hibited, 491, 558, 625 ;—refining, 489, 493, 512,
531, 533; number of at different dates in Massa-
chusetts, 483, 489, 492; in Connecticut, 513; in
Vermont, 524; in New Jersey, 541; in Pennsyl-
vania, 556

France in 17th century, 15; opposition to cotton
machinery in, 376.

Franklin, Benjamin, suggests improvements ir
shipbuilding, 73; arrives in Philadelphia, 172
his services, 184; anecdotes of, 185, 186; pub
lishes first literary journal, 186; a bookseller

192; promotes paper manufacture, 201; erects
a type foundry, 213; recommends a silk fila-
ture, 363: encourages spinning, 378; his elec-
trical discoveries ridiculed, 500; organizes a
fire company, 576.

Frederick County, Maryland, 243, 415, 584, 588,
559, 592, 593, 594, 608.

Fredericksburg, Virginia, 596, 597.

Frigates, national, built, 42, 43, 52, 57, 63, 72, 74,
80, 83; America, description of, 57.
Fuller's earth, 306, 328, 329.

Fulling mills, first in America, 303; early one in
England, 305; in Massachusetts, 303, 312, 313,
420; in Connecticut, 313; in New Hampshire,
414; in New York, 366; in New Jersey, 315, 414;
in Pennsylvania, 317, 377, 392, 414, 415; in
Virginia, 321, 383; in Carolina, 417; premium
for, 381; and dressing of cloth, price of, 420.
Fulling stocks for hides invented, 442.
Fulton, Robert, 67, 75.
Furnaces, iron, in Eugland, 21, 467, 479, 512; first
in New England, 472, 473, 459; description of
federal, 490; in Canada, 526; number of char-
coal at different dates in Massachusetts, 453,
49, 492; in Vermont, 524; in Pennsylvania,
556; in Maryland, 589; in Virginia, 596; in
Kentucky, 602; first regular, 596; cost of
erecting, 597; first anthracite, 562, 563; steel
prohibited, 491, 625 (see STEEL); copper smelt-
ing, 508, 509, 548.

Fustians, dimities, &c., 308, 309.

Gas from coal first used in England, 20; in
America, 595.

Gee, Joshua, 89, 328, 359.

GEORGIA, Shipbuilding in, 84, 85, 91; mills in,
114, 148; printing in, 178; beer, 264; wine cul-
ture, 275; indigo manufacture, 349; cotton
culture in, 351-353, 355, 356; silk culture,
356-359, 364; non-intercourse policy of, 374;
imports of, 374; encourages manufactures, 353;
tanning in, 449, 450; iron mines and works,
622; branch mint io, 611, 623; exports of, 349,
357, 358, 339, 449, 457.
Germantown, Pa., 141, 181, 187, 188, 190, 212, 316,

555.

Gig mills, 333.

Glass in France, 15, 234; in Italy, 17, 232; in
England, 19, 23, 26, 81, 232, 234; made in Vir-
ginia, 25, 26, 30, 232, 233, 242; in Massachusetts,
233, 230, 241; scarcity of, 234, 2; made in
New York, 235, 240, 241; in Carolina, none,
236; in New Jersey, 236, 239; in Pennsyl-
vania, 235-237, 239, 243, 371, 406, 574; in
Connecticut, 242; in Maryland, 242; duty
on, 237, 243; Lord Sheffield's remarks on, 239;
cost of, 242.

Glover, Rev. J., 153.

Gloves, disused at funerals, 366, 380; premiums
for, 368; manufactures of, 405, 414, 434, 445,
455.

Godfrey. Thomas, 73, 576, 580; Thomas Jr., 193.
Gold, antiquity of, 465; early search for, 468, 470,

524, 525, 550, 556, 564; found in Virginia, 471,
599; in Carolina, 610, 611, 615; in Georgia, 622,
623.

Gold and silversmiths, early, 519, 538, 551, 568,
573, 574, 575; petition for an assay office, 575.
Grain crop, first in New England, 123; first blight
in, and theory of its cause, 126; distillation of
prohibited, 140, 256,

Granite, first used, 221.

Green, Samuel, prints first Bible, 157, 160, 190;
his descendants in same business, 162, 164, 175,
176, 178, 153.

Griffa, the, 63.
Grindstones, 383.

Gun barrels and locks, 498, 516, 591, 592, 593;
prices of, 573, 592, 593; stocks, 537, 338.
Guns see CANNON and FIRE ARMS).
Gunpowder, 109, 382, 383, 494, 592, 616.

Halifax, Nova Scotia, first newspaper at, 157.
Hamilton, Alexander, 194, 208, 241, 423.
Hamilton laid out for a manufacturing town, 240.
Hargreave's spinning Jenny patented, 376; op
posed, 376, 384; superceded 397.

Hartford, shipbuilding at, 49, 50; mills near,
103; printing at, 175, 187, 205; paper mills,
205; glass factory, 242; imports cotton, 300;
cotton machinery made at, 410; woolen factory
at, 418; duck factory at, 419; order made at,
respecting leather, 438; guns and clocks made
at, 516, 520.

Hats, premiums for, 321, 342, 346; manufac
ture complained of, 340; manufacture of, 340,
342, 343, 371, 405, 415, 421, 455, 461, 609; ex-
portation of, 340, 342, 343, 371; prohibited, 3
342
Haverhill, Mass., 43, 156, 420, 453.

Heels, wooden, use of, in early times, 331, 444,
447.

Hemp, first raised in New England, 303; boun-
ties of parliament for, 325, 336, 337, 368, 371;
first exported, 337; a substitute for flax, 390;
wild, used in manufactures, 26, 302, 303, 315.
Hemp mills, 353, 410, 415.

Hides and Skins, not to be exported, 428, 429,
433, 436, 438, 442; enumerated, 450; laws and
ordinances respecting, 432, 436, 438, 456; prices
of, 428, 438, 442, 444, 449, 455, 456; imported,
455; first from South America, 455; exports
of, 449, 450, 455, 461.

Hide, fulling-stocks invented, 442.

Hollow ware and Castings, 372; first in Massachu
setts, 476, 482, 484, 485, 458, 489, 490, 492, 493;
in Rhode Island. 504; in Connecticut, 511, 516;
in New York, 531, 532, 533, 544; in New Jersey,
549, 550; in Pennsylvania, 568, 571; in Dela-
ware, 583; in Maryland, 587, 388, 559, 394; in
Virginia, 598; prices of, 525, 571, 598; scarcity
of, 471, 458; first in sand, 454.

Homespun, becomes fashionable, 368, 371; quan-
tity and quality of, 314, 329, 330, 231, 343, 372,
375, 386, 399, 411-416.

Hops, cultivation of, 246, 263, 416; duty on, 260.
Horn smiths, 382.

Horse mills, 116, 119, 121, 122, 135, 136, 138.
Hosiery made by the Dutch, 314, and Germans,
316, 317, 405; worsted. 314, 333, 418; knit
woolen, 317, 367, 394, 412, 413, 414, 418, 457;
woven, 368, 415, 418; silk, 360, 361; mauufac-
ture of, to be encouraged, 382, 383; premiums
for, 368, 369, 382, 418; scarcity of, 457.
Household manufactures, character and extent
of, 265, 314, 329, 330, 331, 346, 375, 386, 390, 396,
411-416, 608, 617, 621; of nails, 413, 491, 499;
estimated value of in 1790, 416, 423.
Huguenots, expulsion of, 15, 16, 305: seat to
America, 271, 322, 356; cultivate the vine, 272,
277, 316; and silk, 322, 346, 359; naturalized,
271, 273.

Humphreys, Joshua, naval architect, 74.
Huntingdon, Penn., 564, 565.

ILLINOIS, first printing in, 179; wine in, 277; salt
in, 294.
Importations, effects of large, 422, 452; of Brit-
ish goods, 89, 184, 281, 331, 344, 369, $74, 359,
394, 406, 411, 414, 455, 460, 462; of iron. 629;
from Russia, 411, 412, 496; of wine and liquors,
261, 269, 274; decrease of, 202, 369, 374, 414.
INDIANA, first printing in, 179.
Indians, lay waste early improvements, 29, 42,
98, 101, 272, 469, 481, 483, 502, 552; large ca-
noes of, 38; brickmaking by, 216; brewing,
247; first learn the use of ardent spirits, 248;
use of salt among, 279; teach the use of wild
hemp, 302; use of cotton among, 307; use of
iron unknown among, 29, 465; tools and wea-
pons of, 466.

Indigo, indigenous to America, 308; cultivation
of, attempted in New York, 314, 348: in Caro-
lina, 322, 326, 348; in Louisiana, 348; boun-

ties and premiums for improved manufacture
of, 349; an enumerated article, 325; exports
of, 348, 349; displaced by cotton, 350, 356;
yellow, made, 350.
Instruments, mathematical and philosophical,
73, 100, 492, 501, 521, 538, 576, 580.
Inventions, early European, 13, 14, 93, 211, 212,
506, 521; early American, nautical, 52, 53, 62,
73, 74, 75, 76, 107, 492, 538, 559, 577, 578, 579,
580; in mill and hydraulic machinery, 96, 100,
113, 115, 139, 142, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151, 492,
501, 521, 576, 579, 580, 595; in paper, types,
and presses, 206, 207, 210, 212, 213, 214, 215,
492; in brickmaking, 231; in saltmaking, 295;
in textile machinery and processes, 346, 351,
352, 353, 355, 388, 389, 398, 403, 497, 498, 518,
579; in leather making, 442, 454, 458, 464; in
the metallic branches, 388, 476, 477, 488, 492,
497, 498, 501, 504, 510, 514, 515, 517, 518, 519,
539, 560, 562, 571, 577, 578, 580, 581, 594; in
steam apparatus, 571, 577, 580, 581, 594; mis-
cellaneous, 230, 418, 492, 500, 501, 515, 520, 521,
556, 562, 576, 578, 579, 580, 581, 595.
IOWA, first printing in, 180.
Ipswich, 40, 123, 126, 158, 362, 414, 475.
IRON, unknown to the Indians, 29, 465: anti-
quity of, 29, 465, 466; in England, 21, 29, 467,
468, 479, 623, 629; first mention of, in Ame-
rica, 27, 28, 33, 468, 609, 610; mines and
works in Massachusetts, 470-501; in Rhode
Island, 501-504; in Connecticut, 504-521; in
New Hampshire, 521-523; in Vermont, 523-
524; in New York, 524-539; in New Jersey,
539-550; in Pennsylvania, 550-582; in Dela-
ware, 583; in Maryland, 584-595; in Virginia,
27, 28, 595-609; in Kentucky, 602-604; in
North Carolina, 609-617; in Tennessee, 613-
615; in South Carolina, 617-622; in Georgia,
622; general observations on, 623-631; official
reports concerning, 482, 483, 489, 522, 529, 530,
558, 589, 623; jealousy of colonial, 485, 623,
626; acts of parliament respecting, 330, 396,
585, 623, 624, 626, 627, 628, 630; Bar, prices of,
at different times, 473, 526, 535, 559, 564,
571, 584, 590, 597; Pig, prices of, 512, 535, 554,
563, 571, 590, 597; exports of bar and pig, 491,
527, 535, 549, 550, 569, 571, 584, 589, 599, 625;
tables of, 626, 628; imports of bar and pig,
491; tables of, 629; duties on, parliamentary,
597, 624; domestic, 499, 500, 584, 590, 631.

Japanned leather, first, 443.

Jeans, first, 396, 398, 399, 403; cost and price of,
400, 403, 407, 408.

Jefferson, opinions of, respecting manufactures,

413; notes on Virginia, 413, 600, 610; letters
of, 76, 151, 413, 607; household manufactures
of, 413, 582, 608.

Jenks, Joseph, patents a saw mill, 96, 476;
makes first brass and iron castings, scythes,
and edge tools, in New England, 476; first
dies for mint, 477; first fire engine, 478; pro-
poses wire drawing, 478; Mr., 494, 523; Jo-
seph, Jr., erects first house and forge in Rhode
Island, 502, Stephen, 504.

Jennies, spinning, first in America, 383, 387, 398,
401, 579; cost of, 400, 402, 407, 408.
Juniata iron, 566.

Kaolin, 524.

KANSAS, first printing in, 180.

Keith, Sir W., opposes immigration, 316; his
scheme of government for colonies, 337; his
iron works, 552.

KENTUCKY, first printing in, 179; salt in, 294;
tanning in, 462; iron works and mines in, 602.
Kingston, 484, 488, 489, 496.

LABOR, freedom of, 21; price of, 21, 22, 30, 106,
109, 220, 339, 346, 444, 474, 527, 597; servile
effects of, 428.

Lace, fringe, &c., importation of, 344, 372; made
362, 414, 419.

Lancaster, Penn., mills in, 111, 112, 143, 415;
printing in, 190, 406; paper mills, 199; brew
eries, 262; glass house, 237; fulling mills, 377;
manufacturers, 415, 421; leather and saddlery,
445, 457, 461; iron and copper mines and works,
552-557; guns, 572, 573.

Laws, sumptuary, 318, 435.

Lead, in Massachusetts, 493; in Connecticut, 513,
518; in New York, 524, 527, 532, 533; in Penn-
sylvania, 550, 564, 565; in Maryland, 588, 592;
in Virgina, 29, 471, 603, 604; in North Caro-
lina, 610; in Tennessee, 614; in South Caroli-
na, 610, 620; in Missouri, 604; scarcity of, 533.
Leather and its manufactures, 424-464; extent
and importance of, 424; antiquity of, 425;
among the Indians, 425, 426; the Japanese,
426; laws and ordinances respecting, 433, 436,
437, 438, 439, 445, 458, 463; in Virginia, 35,
427, 428, 462; in Massachusetts, 431, 432, 433,
435, 451, 453, 459; in Connecticut, 435, 436, 437,
438, 451; in Rhode Island, 439; in New York,
439-442, 455, 461, 462; in New Jersey, 442,
443; in Pennsylvania and Delaware, 443–448,
457, 461, 462; in Maryland, 448, 462; in South
Carolina, 448, 449, 450, 461; in North Carolina,
449; in Georgia, 449; exports of, 434, 435, 449,
450, 452, 458, 460, 462; prokibited, 428, 429, 435,
438. 442, 445; prices of, 439, 444, 446, 449; im
provements in, 442, 453, 463, 464; fancy and
morocco, 443, 458, 459, 463; apparel of, in early
times, 317, 367, 381, 391, 429, 432, 444, 446, 451;
duties on, 463. (See SHOES and TANNING.)
Lee, 128, 205.

Lenox, iron ore and works, 495, 496.
Leonards, the, 476, 479-482, 491, 496, 540.
Leslie, R., inventions of, 580, 581.
Lightning rods, first, 500.

Lime, first manufacture of, 218, 219, 470.
Linen, manufacture of, in England, 81, 337, 344;
in New England, first household, 298, 299, 303,
314, 330; improvement in, 331, 332; factories,
first, 333, 334, 335, 373, 376; made in New
York, 314, 367, 369, 371; in New Jersey, 314;
in Pennsylvania, 315, 316, 317, 330, 371, 385,
405, 407, 408, 412, 415, 592; in Delaware and
Maryland, 319, 336; in Virginia, 314, 320, 343,
412; general use of, in early times, 330, 391;
premiums for, 316, 334, 335, 336, 344, 346, 367,
368, 381, 382, 620; importation of, 337, 338,
339, 344, 389, 411-(see DUCK and SAIL CLOTH)
-foot wheel introduced, 331, 332.
Linsey-woolsey, 330, 371.

Liquors, first excise on, 251; consumption of,
261, 264, 265, 269, 270, 274, 276.
Livingston, lead and iron mines and works, 511,
526, 527, 530, 533;-Chancellor, 67, 417, 539;
Robt. R., 210.

LOUISIANA, first printing in, 179; vine culture in,
277; indigo in, 348, 356; cotton in, 351, 352;
first sugar mill and cotton gin in, 351; silk in,
356.

Lumber, meaning of the term, 104; cost of saw-
ing, 97, 106, 108, 111; exports of, from New
England, 36, 44, 56, 58, 95, 96, 99, 101, 341;
from New York, 107, 108; from New Jersey,
prohibited, 68, 109; from Pennsylvania, 111;
from Maryland and Virginia, 113, 147; total
from United States, 115.

Lynn, mills at, 123; sheep and cattle at, 304, 431:
first New England tannery at, 431; first shoe-
maker at, 432; shoe business of, 367, 414, 435,
451, 452, 453, 460, 463; first improved shoe ma-
nufacture at, 451, 452; first New England iron
works at, 471-477.

MACHINERY, invention and manufacture of paper-
making and printing, 210, 214; brickmaking,
231; textile, efforts to obtain, 335, 336, 377, 396,
579; premiums for, 346, 369, 376, 579; opposi