Ch. I. where we have shewn, when they may be

taken as Pronouns, and when as Articles.

Yet in truth it must be confeffed, if the
Effence of an Article be to define and afcer-
tain, they are much more properly Arti-
cles, than
any thing else, and as such should
be confidered in Univerfal Grammar.
Thus when we fay, THIS Picture I ap-
prove, but THAT I dislike, what do we per-
form by the help of these Definitives, but
bring down the common Appellative to
denote two Individuals, the one as the more
near, the other as the more diftant? So when
we fay, Some men are virtuous, but ALL
men are mortal, what is the natural Effect
of this ALL and SOME, but to define
that Univerfality, and Particularity, which
would remain indefinite, were we to take

them

aut, Ille fervus dixit, de quo fervo antea facta mentio fit, aut qui alio quo pacto notus fit. Additur enim Articulus ad rei memoriam renovandam, cujus antea non nefcii fumus, aut ad præfcribendam intellectionem, quæ latiùs patere queat; veluti cum dicimus, C. Cæfar, Is qui poftea dictator fuit. Nam alii fuere C. Cæfares. Sic Græcè Kaioag i durongáτwg. De Cauf. Ling. Lat. c. 131.

them away? The fame is evident in fuch Ch. I.
Sentences, as-SOME fubftances have fenfa-
tion; OTHERS want it—Chufe ANY way of
acting, and SOME men will find fault, &c.
For here SOME, OTHER, and ANY, ferve
all of them to define different Parts of a
given Whole; SOME, to denote a definite
Part; ANY, to denote an indefinite; and
OTHER, to denote the remaining Part,
when a Part has been affumed already.
Sometimes this laft Word denotes a large
indefinite Portion, set in oppofition to some
fingle, definite, and remaining Part, which
receives from fuch Oppofition no finall de-
gree of heightening. Thus Virgil,

Excudent ALII fpirantia molliùs æra;
(Credo equidem) vivos ducent de marmore
vultus:

Orabunt caufas meliùs, cælique meatus
Defcribent radio, et furgentia fidera

dicent:

Tu regere imperio populos, ROMANE,

memento, &c.

Æn. VI.

NOTHING

、

NOTHING can be stronger or more fublime, than this Antithefis; one Act fet as equal to many other Acts taken together, and the Roman fingly (for it is Tu Romane, not Vos Romani) to all other Men ; and yet this performed by so trivial a cause, as the juft oppofition of ALII to TU.

BUT here we conclude, and proceed to treat of CONNECTIVES.

CHAP.

CHA P. II.

Concerning Connectives, and first those called Conjunctions.

C

ONNECTIVES are the subject of what Ch. II. follows; which, according as they' connect either Sentences or Words, are called by the different Names of CONJUNCTIONS, or PREPOSITIONS. Of thefe Names, that of the Prepofition is taken from a mere accident, as it commonly stands in connection before the Part, which it connects. The name of the Conjunction, as is evident, has reference to its effential character.

Of these two we fhall confider the CONJUNCTION first, because it connects, not Words, but Sentences. This is conformable to the Analysis, with which we began this inquiry*, and which led us, by parity

* Sup. p. 11, 12.

Ch. II. parity of reafon, to confider Sentences themSelves before Words. Now the Definition of a CONJUNCTION is as follows—a Part of Speech, void of Signification itself, but So formed as to help Signification, by making Two or more fignificant Sentences to be ONE fignificant Sentence (a).

THIS

(a) Grammarians have usually confidered the Conjunction as connecting rather fingle Parts of Speech, than whole Sentences, and that too with the addition of like with like, Tenfe with Tenfe, Number with Number, Cafe with Cafe, &c. This Sanctius justly explodes. Conjunctio neque cafus, neque alias partes orationis (ut imperiti docent) conjungit, ipfæ enim partes inter fe conjunguntur-fed conjunctio Orationis inter fe conjungit. Miner. L. III. c. 14. He then establishes his doctrine by a variety of examples. He had already faid as much, L. I. c. 18. and in this he appears to have followed Scaliger, who had afferted the fame before him. Conjunctionis autem notionem veteres paullo inconfultiùs prodidere; neque enim, quod aiunt, partes alias conjungit (ipfæ enim partes per fe inter Je conjunguntur)-fed Conjunctio eft, quæ conjungit Orationes plures. De Cauf. Ling. Lat. c. 165.

This