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A charge of misconduct and neglect of duty against the Hon. Admiral AUGUSTUS KEPPEL, on the 27th and 28th of July 1778, in divers instances as under mentioned.

1. THAT on the morning of the 27th of July 1778, having a fleet of thirty hips of the line, under his command, and being then in the prefence of a French fleet, of the like number of fhips of the line, the faid Adm. Keppel did not make the neceffary preparations for fight'; did not put his fleet into a line of battle, or into any order, proper either for receiving or attacking an enemy of fuch force; but, on the contrary, although his fleet was already difperfed and in diforder, he, by making the fignal for several ships of the Vice-Admiral of the Blue's divifion to chafe to windward, increased the diforder of that part of his fleet, and the fhips were in confequence more scattered than they had been before; and whilft in this diforder, he advanced to the enemy, and made the fignal for battle.

That the above conduct was the more unaccountable, as the enemy's fleet was not then in disorder, nor beaten, nor fly. ing, but found in a regular line of battle on that tack which approached the Britifh fleet, all their motions indicating plainly a defign to give battle, and they edged down and attacked it whilft in diforder. By this un-officer-like conduct, a general engagement was not brought on; but the other flag-officers and captains were left to engage, without order or regularity; from whence great confufion enfued: fome of his fhips were prevented getting into action at all, others were not near enough to the enemy, and fome from the confufion fired into others of the King's fhips, and did them confiderable damage, and the Vice-Admiral of the Blue was left alone to engage fingly, and unfupported. In thefe inftances, the faid Adm. Keppel negligently performed the duty imposed on him.

1. That, after the van and centre ditifions of the British fleet paffed the rear of the enemy, the Admiral did not immediately tack and double upon the ehemy with thofe two divifions, and continue the battle; nor did he colle&t them together at that time, and keep fo near the enemy, as to be in readinefs to renew the battle as foon as it might be proper: but, on the contrary, he food away beyond the enemy to a great di

VOL. XLI.

ftance, before he wore to ftand towards them again, leaving the Vice-Admiral of the Blue engaged with the enemy, and expofed to be cut off.

3. That, after the Vice-Admiral of the Blue had paffed the laft of the enemy's fhips, and immediately wore, and laid his own fhip's head towards the enemy again, being then in their wake, and at a little distance only, and expecting the Admiral to advance with all the fhips to renew the fight, the Admiral did not advance for that purpose, but shortened fail, hauled down the fignal for battle; nor did he at that time, or at any other time whilft ftanding towards the enemy, call the fhips together in order to renew the attack, as he might have done; particularly the Vice Admiral of the Red and his divifion, which had received the leaft damage, had been the longest out of action, were ready and fit to renew it, were then to windward, and could have bore down and fetched any part of the French fleet if the fignal for battle had not been hauled down; or if the faid Adm. Keppel had availed himself of the fignal appointed by the 31ft article of the fighting - inftructions, by which he might have ordered thofe to lead, who are to lead with their starboard tack on board by a wind, which fignal was applicable to the occafion for renewing the engagement with advantage, after the French Heet had been beaten, their line broken, and in diforder. In these inftances, he did not do the utmost in his power to take, fink, burn, or destroy the French fleet, that had attacked the British fleet.

4. That, instead of advancing to renew the engagement, as in the preceding articles is alledged, and as he might and ought to have done, the Admiral wore, and made fail directly from the enemy; and thus he led the whole British fleet away from them; which gave them the opportunity to rally unmolested, and to form again into a line of battle, and tơ ftand after the British fleet. This was disgraceful to the British flag; for it had the appearance of a flight, and gave the French Admiral a pretence to claim the victory, and to publifh to the world, that the British fleet ran away, and that he pursued it with the fleet of France, and offered it battle.

5. That, on the morning of the 28th of July 1778, when it was perceived that only three of the French fleet remained near the British in the fituation the whole

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had been in the night before, and that the reft were to leeward at a greater difrance, not in a line of battle, but in a heap, the Admiral did not cause the fleet to pursue the flying enemy, nor even to chafe the three ships which fled after the reft; but, on the contrary, he led the British fleet another way, directly from the enemy.

By thefe inftances of misconduct and neglect, a glorious opportunity was loft of doing a most essential service to the ftate; and the honour of the British na vy was tarnished.

[To be continued.]

The true ENJOYMENTS of LIFE. From Moral Tales, &c. by Dr PERCIVAL. MAY AY he furvive his relatives and friends! was the imprecation of a Roman, on the perfon who fhould deftroy the monument of his ancestors*. A more dreadful curfe could fcarcely be denounced. I remember to have feen it fomewhere recorded, that an Emperor of China, on his acceffion to the throne, commanded a general release from the prifons of all that were confined for debt. Amongst the number was an old man, who had been an early victim to adverfity; and whofe days of imprifonment, reckoned by the notches which he had cut on the door of his gloomy cell, expreffed the annual revolution of more than fifty funs. With faultering fteps he departed from his manfion of forrow: his eyes were dazzled with the fplendour of light; and the face of nature prefented to his view a perfect paradife. The gool in which he had been imprifoned, was at fome diftance from Pekin; and he directed his courfe to that city, impatient to enjoy the gratulations of his wife, his chia, and his friends.

With difficulty he found his way to the treet in which formerly ftood his decent habitation; and his heart became more and more elated at every step which he advanced. He proceeded, and looked with earneftnefs around; but faw few of thofe objects with which he was formerly converfant. A magnificent edifice was erected on the fire of the house which he had inhabited. The dwellings of his neighbours had affumed new forms; and he beheld not a Gingle face of which he had the leaft recollection. An aged pau

QUISQUIS HOC SUSTULERIT

AUT JUSSERIE,

ULTIMUS SUORUM MORIATUR. Fleetwood's Infeript. Antiq.

per, who ftood with trembling knees at the gate of a portico, from which he had been thrust by the infolent menial who guarded it, ftruck his attention. He stopped to give him a pittance out of the bounty with which he had been supplied by the Emperor's liberality; and recei ved, in return, the fad tidings, that his wife had fallen a lingering facrifice to penury and forrow; that his children were gone to feek their fortunes in unknown climes; and that the grave contained his nearest and most valuable friends. Overwhelmed with anguish, he hastened to the palace of his fovereign, into whofe prefence his hoary locks and mournfu vifage foon obtained admission; and casting himself at the feet of the Emperor

Great Prince, (cried he), remand m to the prifon from which mistaken mercy hath delivered me! I have furvived my family and friends; and in the midft o this populous city, I find myself in drea ry folitude. The cell of my dungeor protected me from the gazers at m wretchedness; and whilft fecluded from fociety, I was lefs fenfible of the lofs o focial enjoyments. I am now torture with the view of pleasures in which cannot participate; and die with thirt though ftreams of delight furround me.'

If the horrors of a dungeon, my Alexis be preferred to the world at large, by th man who is bereft of his kindred an friends, how highly should you prizi how tenderly fhould you love, and ho ftudious fhould you be to please thot: near and dear relations, whom a mor indulgent Providence has yet preferved you! Liften to the affectionate counfel of your parents; treafure up their pre cepts; refpect their riper judgement; an enjoy, with gratitude and delight, th advantages refulting from their fociety Bind to your bofom, by the most endear ing ties, your brothers and fifters; che rith them as your beft companions through the variegated journey of life and fuffer no jealoufies or feuds to in terrupt the harmony which now reigns and, I truft, will ever reign in this hap py family. Cultivate the friendship your father's friends; merit the appro bation of the wife and good; qualify yourfelf, by the acquifition of knowledge, and the exercife of the benevolent affec tions, for the intercourse of mankind and you will at once be an ornament fociety, and derive from it the higheft felicity.

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NEW BOOKS. [45.] The hiftory of Edinburgh. By Hugo Arnot, Ffq; Advocate. 410. 11. 5 s. boards. Creech, Edinburgh; Murray, London. THE affairs of a kingdom, and of its capital, (fays the author in his preface), are fo clofely interwoven, that, a hiftory of the latter, to connect or eparate with propriety their respective Hairs, requires nice difcernment. admitting or rejecting from this work a deal of national occurrences, I have beea influenced by a joint confideration of their connection with the capital, of. their intrinfic importance, and of their having been faintly defcribed by former unters, or exhibited in a point of view coefiftent with historical justice." We shall here felect our author's computation of the populoufnefs of the ci15.-In the first volume of the EdinLargh Medical Effays, published in 173, the number of inhabitants in EMburgh and Canongate, is reckoned to mount to fome hundreds more than 21,000, estimating every family to conit of five perfons; which, however, the authors judge to be rather too small a calcalation for fuch a crowded healthy place as this is [7.612.]. Mr Arnot, his computation, comprehends Edinhurgh, Leith, and their environs, i. e. "the city of Edinburgh and all its fubarbs on the weft and fouth, within the pective toll-bars; on the caft, the Abbey-hill, Jock's-Lodge, and Reftalrig; beyond the New Town, the villages of Broughton and Picardy, the towns of South and North Leith, and the east and weft roads to Leith. Such part of the City of Edinburgh as conftitutes the royty, and alfo the Canongate and South and North Leith, pay cefs or land tax to government, as the city of Edinburgh. The amount of cefs paid for the city to the receiver-general when the land-tax is at 4 s. in the pound, is L. 2849: 10:4. The fum levied from the inhabitants for that purpose, is L. 3455; a fum not unreafonable, confidering the trouble and expence of collecting. This eftimate is made out, by reckoning 1 s. 4 d. to be exacted upon the pound Sterling of vaLed rent; which is lefs, by a minute traction, than the fum actually levied, the valued rent of Edinburgh, within the royalty, Canongate, South and North Leith, being L. 51,825: 39 Sterling. As to the real rent, according to the ob

fervations we have formed, it appears to be a half more than the valued, or L. 77737, the real rent of the whole other places 15 s. 7 d. 2f.; but if we fhall eftimate comprehended in our enumeration, viz. the fuburbs on the fouth and weft, Broughton, the roads to Leith, &c. at L. 14,000, the whole real rent of Edinburgh, Leith, and their respective environs, will be L.91,737: 15: 7:2 f.

Mr Arnot fixes the number of perfons in a family at fix, and fays, that the number of families within the limits above mentioned, as afcertained by a furvey made in 1775, amounted to 13,806; which, multiplied by 6, gives the num ber or inhabitants to be 82,836. Befides thefe, he computes the number of perfons in the garrifon of the caftle at 600, in the royal infirmary at upwards of 150, in the charity-workhoufe about 650, and in other hofpitals and poor-houses in the city and fuburbs about 600 more; and after deducing from these such of them as are included in the computation before given, which he fpecifies, he thinks 1400 will fall to be added to the above number of inhabitants.

We mention fome other particulars.

The water-refervoir contains 149,427 Scots pints.The quantity of wheat made into flour at the Water-of-Leith mills, is about 100,000 bolls yearly. The quantity of oat, peafe, and barley meals, confumed in Edinburgh, and the fuburbs, is about 20,000 bolls yearly.

The quantity of butcher-meat killed in one year, ending in 1777, amounted to 10,091 oxen, 8305 calves, 49,212 sheep, and 78,076 lambs: the number of hogs could not be ascertained, because it was from the number of hides that the account was taken, and the skins of hogs are not separated from the carcafe.In 1777 there was fold in the Edinburgh market, as afcertained by the custombooks, 28,725 Scots pints of ftrawberries, 6836 Scots gallons of gooseberries, and 78,840 fcores of cherries. The averageprice of ftrawberries is reckoned 8 d. the pint; and it is fuppofed, that, befides a large quantity confumed within the gardens in the neighbourhood, a fourth more is confumed in the city than is entered, and pays cuftom, to the value amounts to L. 1198. The duty for wine imported at Leith, from Jan. 5. 1777 to Jan. 5. 1778, was, L. 22,706, 8 s. 5 d.

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Medium of Heat in each month in the year, deduced from ten years obfervation; the table kept at Hawkhill, a mile east from Edinburgh, from A. D. 1764 to 1774, by Mr James Hoy, at the defire of the Late Lord Alemoor.

Deg. min.

January, 34 7 July,
February, 36 7 Auguft,

Deg. min.

58 9 58 I

March, 38 I September, 52 6 April, 44 2 October, 46 2 May, 50 6 November, 40 5 June, 55 1 December, 38 O The higheft that the thermometer commonly rifes to in the hotteft days of fummer is 75, fometimes 77 degrees: it was once obferved at 81. The loweft that it ufually falls to in winter is 17; it has been obferved at 12, but never lowThis, however, being in a thermometer of spirit of wine, 12 degrees in it correfpond with about 9 of a mercu

er.

rial one.

The medium depth of rain at Edinburgh is about 26 inches annually, the greatest depth about 32 inches, the least

23.

EDINBURGH.

Decifions of the court of feflion. From January 1778 Collected by George Ogilvie, Advocate, by appointment of the Faculty of Advocates. Fol. pp. 78. 3 s. 6 d. fewed Balfour. --- -The Decifions, we are fold in an advertisement prefixed, are for the future to be published annually in numbers, fuch as the prefent, to make a volume at the end of every four years.

First lines of the practice of phyfic the ufe of ftudents in the university of E burgh. By William Cullen, M. Ď. and Vol. 2. [38. 552.]. 55. 3 d. boards. Cred First lines of phyfiology, by the celebra Tran Baron Albertus Haller, M. D. &c. ted from the correct Latin edition printed der the inspection of William Cullen, M. 6 s. boards. Elliot.

The Gentleman Farmer. Being an tempt to improve Agriculture, by fubject it to the teft of rational principles. ( Lord Kames.] Edit. 2. with confidera additions. [39. 30.] 6s. boards. Bell.

The prefervation and transmission of fcriptures, evidences of their truth: A 1 mon, [from If. li. 4.-7.], in which Jewish and Romish churches are compas and fhown to be equally unexceptiona guardians of the books of revelation, prea ed at the opening of the fynod of Fife, C 13. 1778. By Samuel Martin, Minister Monimail. 6d. Gray.

The legal temper difplayed in its nat and tendency. In three fermons, [fr

Rom. x. 3.]. By John Henderson, Mini at Dunbar. 7 d. Alston.

A short view of Popery. A fynod-ferm April 8. 1746, [from Mark vii. 7.], with ftorical notes. By Alexander Mair, A. minifter at Forteviot, deceased. 6 d. rifons, Perth.

A

A Proteftant Catechifm; fhewing the pri cipal errors of the church of Rome. Jackson, Dumfries, 1778.

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Teftimony and warning against the bl phemies and idolatry of Popery. By Reformed Prefbytery. 7 d.

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Sermons, by that eminent divine Jacob Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa. Tra flated from the originals, 1779. 6 d. Gr

Judicial proceedings before the high court A letter to the Bishop of Daulis on occ of admiralty, and fupreme confiftorial or fion of his Paftoral Letter [62], and R commiffary court of Scotland; alfo before Alections fuggefted by it. 2 d. Gray the fheriff, bailie, dean-ot-guild, juftice-of" The very people you reprefent [62.] peace, and baron, courts; with the ftyle of fummonfes, &c. in ufe before thefe courts, and obfervations in law thereon. By Robert Boyd, LL. D. 10s. 6d. boards. Elliot.

A propofal for uniformity of weights and meafures in Scotland, by execution of the Jaws now in force. With Tables of the English and Scotch standards, and of the cuftomary weights and meatures of the feveral Counties and boroughs of Scotland; - Com parifons of the fandards with each other, and with the county-measures;-Tables and Rules for their reciprocal conversion; - and fome. Tables of the weight and produce of corn, &c 8vo. 3. boards. Elliot.

The imprefs.act [63.). Is. Kincaid's Allians.

A fynopfis of practical mathematics. EBy Alexander Ewing, teacher of Mathematics in Edinburgh. $s. Elliot.

giving virulent misrepresentations of Poper (fays this writer), not only are guiltless the perfecution you talk of, but they ha teftified, both before and after this affa their greatest displeasure at any thing of th kind [40. 675, 78, 80.]. Nay, fome of the did every thing in their power to fuppre the mob, and to prevent any outrage, exp fing themselves to infult and danger.condemn mobbing; but I have learned t judge of things even of this kind difpafic nately. When you again fend pastoral le ters to your charge, you may tell them o the active hand the Edinburgh Papifts ha in bringing on this perfecution. I am allu red, that Mr Hay, whofe intolerant princi ples are avowed [40 593.], has faid, tha ho hoped all the churches of this country would become Popil, and be under his in

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spection. I am affured, that two men, whofe property fuffered fomewhat in the mob, told the people, they expected to fee the favou rite clergy of this city hanged, and the streets running with Proteftant blood. If they fo harangued the people, and I have better evidence that they did so than that incendiary letters were feat to Popish families [62.]; nay if it was believed they had faid things of this kind, my wonder is, that no lives were loft, and that there was such a fapiens infiprentia."—We would with pleasure have manfcribed the evidence our author had of the facts he mentions, if he had given it in his Letter.

A letter to all oppofers of the repeal of the penal laws against Papists in Scotland: wherein is propofed an effectual method of fuppreffing Popery, without touching the perfons or property of Papifts. 3 d. Gray. -EXTRACTS." This is a proper time for all Proteftants, citizens of Edinburgh, and of other boroughs where Popish priests tele, to petition the magistrates, that they make public proclamation, ordering Popish clergymen of every denomination to depart Out of the city and liberties within a limited time; certifying, that if any be found after that time is expired, they fhall be punished as the law directs. Proteftants in the country should petition the sheriffs and juftices of the peace to the fame purpose. Each community should examine, whether any profeffed Papift enjoys equal privileges with Proteftants amongst them; and if any have cept in, they should be expelled: for fince Papafts have no title to any privilege of citipens, or freemen, in Scotland, it is the duty of every community who wishes to preferve our laws and liberties entire, to execute thefe laws as far as their power extends. In this Banner Papifts may be expelled, without avading their perfons, or their property: Let them alone; have no dealings with them; neither buy from them, nor fell them any thing; neither borrow nor lend with them; give them no vifits, nor receive any from them. It is evident, that the increafe of Papifts in Scotland is in a great measure owing to the encouragement given them by Proteftants. Take away this encouragement, and you will fupprefs Popery, -In order to do this effectually, let the miLifter, elders, heritors, and heads of families, of every parith in Scotland who have declared against the repeal, and who ap prove of fuch declarations, meet by them felves; and let them make a lift of the Papitts within their bounds, containing their Eames, callings, and places of abode, and publish it, that all men may know them; and let each parish make a folemn public refolution, to drop all intercourfe with Pa pifts; particularly bearing, that they will

not for the future employ Papists in any bufinefs whatfoever; that they will not buy nor fell with them, nor willingly keep them company; and that whofoever within their bounds acts contrary to this refolution, shall be reputed a Papist, and dealt with accor. dingly."

Achan's trefpafs in the accurfed thing confidered: A fermon [trom Joth. vii. 1.—16.] preached in Govan church on the public falt, Feb. 26. 1778. By William Thom, A M. Minister of Govan. 6 d. Gray.

The living manners of the times, and their confequences, together with the motives to reformation: A fermon, [from Hof. viii. 3.] in the Tolbooth church of Edinburgh, on the taft-day, Feb 9. 1779, by David Grant, preacher of the gofpel, and one of the mafters of Watson's hospital. 6d. Gray.

The duty of a fuffering church: A fermon [from Jer. xxix. 7.] preached to a congrega tion of the Epifcopal church of Scotland on the faft-day, Feb. 9. 1779. 6 d. Chalmers. Aberdeen.

In a prefatory addrefs, the Rev. preacher tells, that the publication of this fermon is owing chiefly to the illiberal charge brought against the Nonjurant Epifcopals by a Popith writer of high rank (40. 675]. That gentleman, he fays, forgets, that there is no juft connection between a political creed and a religious fect, and that the former is not always a true criterion whereby to diftinguish the latter.

In the fermon he defends his principles thus: "The spiritual independency of the church upon the state is an effential article of the Christian faith ;—without a firm belief of which, we fhould have no fecurity for the prefervation of the true religion upon earth, no dependence on Chrift's gracious promife, "Lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world." Encouraged by this divine promife, how can it be fuppofed, that any fucceffors of the apostles who had a juft fenfe of their duty, would tamely resign their spiritual powers into the hands of the fate, and fo give to Cefar what was truly God's? All their temporal privileges they might lawfully part with; their fecular honours and emoluments they ought readily to furrender, as foon as demanded by the hand that gave them; for this is rendering, or giving back, to Cefar, what they had received from him. But an authority which no earthly power can give, none can take away; therefore fuch as have been once duly invefted with this fpiritual authority, ought not to be condemned as enemies to peace, because they calmly and quietly pertift in the exercife of it ?”

Elfewhere he fays, that the Apostle's direction to Timothy, Tim . I 2. may be gonadered as a paraphrafe of the words of

the

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