Dr. George Leyburn, a warm and active adversary of White, was, at this time, president of the English college at Douay: he addressed a letter to Dr. Holden, in which he declared that he was not satisfied with the submission made by Mr. White, as it seemed to import, a " submission, not to the holy see singly, but to the holy see conjointly "with the church; which conjunction," said Dr. Leyburn," for as much as it concerns our present "intent, happeneth only in a general council law"fully called." This being communicated to White, he immediately signed a second formula of submission, in which, after noticing the objection which had been made to the former, he says, "I "therefore now do ingenuously and freely declare "and profess, that it is my opinion and judgment, "that all catholics ought in heart, and in all hugreat concern to his friends. It is observable, that in his account of himself, he does not mention these altercations.

:

His only work now sought for, is his "Reflections on the "Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance," a small but valuable treatise: he understands by the former oath, that prescribed by queen Elizabeth; by the latter, the oath prescribed by James he shows, with great clearness, that the oath of su premacy cannot be conscientiously taken by the roman-catholics, and that the oath of allegiance, though in other respects defensible, was substantially objectionable, from its declaring the deposing doctrine to be heretical: "Any other ill names," Serjeant says, "the objectors will be content to give it; but t they dare not swear it heretical, because the catholics know "that it cannot be called heretical according to the notion "of that term, universally received among them,-viz. that "the contrary is evidently in scripture, or condemned by the "church."

* "Reflections upon the Oath of Supremacy and Allegiance. By a Ca "tholic Gentleman, an obedient Son of the Church, and loyal Subject to his 'Majesty. 1661." 12mo.

"mility and obedience, to submit their divinity "writings, not only to the holy church in common, " and in a general council, where the pope may be "in person, or by his deputies, but also to the par"ticular see of Rome, and to St. Peter's successor, "the pope, even out of a general council; which, "as I have always done in my heart, so do I now "likewise, actually and willingly submit all my "writings to the particular see of Rome, and St. "Peter's successor, the pope, even out of a gene"ral council; and this, according as my opinion "and belief has ever taught me, ratifying and "confirming to this effect, all the contents of my "former submission." Even this unqualified and absolute submission did not satisfy Dr. Leyburn, and the other adversaries of White. They extracted from his Institutiones Sacra, twenty-two propositions, and laid them before the university of Douay; and, in 1660, that university formally condemned them. A censure of them was also subscribed by twenty clergymen of the college, and another censure by twenty-six other clergymen: the latter boldly declared, that, "from their hearts, they abo"minated and execrated the work written in the English language by White, during Cromwell's "protectorate, on Obedience and Government.' The humble submission of White was however as persevering as the attacks of his enemies.-In 1662, he addressed a letter to the pope, renewing his former submissions, and explicitly professing, that, "if his holiness should proceed to the punish"ments mentioned in the decree of the inquisition,

without any further form of law, he would not

432

MEMOIRS OF ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

" contend, but undergo them with as much humi

lity and patience as he was able." Beyond this, the submission of the most docile child of the church could not go :--and, in these sentiments, he died at the advanced age of ninety-four years:

66

By his death," says Wood, "the roman-catho"lics lost an eminent divine from among them; "and it hath been a question among some of them, "whether ever any secular priest of England went "beyond him in philosophical matters."-We have mentioned his adversaries: it should be added, that he had, both among catholics and protestants, several warm and respectable friends. Among the latter, none defended him without limitation: but, while they admitted his frequent obscurity, and occasional inaccuracy, they confidently asserted, that his writings contained little substantially wrong.

Even after his decease, Blackloism continued to be a word of war. Inconsiderately it was too often given to every clergyman who advocated the appointment of a bishop in ordinary, who disbelieved the pope's personal infallibility, who declared against his deposing power, who recommended allegiance to the powers that were, who rightfully or wrongfully resisted any pretension of the regulars, or who argued against any ultramontane extravagance.But after having strutted and foamed its little hour, Blackloism ceased to be mentioned, and Jansenism became the order of the day.

APPENDIX.

NOTE I; referred to in p. 93.

The Account of the Gunpowder Conspiracy, transmitted by the British Government to its Foreign Ministers.

(From Winwood's Memorials, vol. ii. p. 170.)

The Earl of Salisbury to Sir Charles Cornwallis*.

"Sir Charles Cornwallis,

IT

9th Nov 1605.

T hath pleased Almighty God out of his singular goodness, to bring to light the most cruel and "detestable conspiracy against the person of his ma'jesty and the whole state of this realme, that ever was "conceived by the hart of man, at any time or in any

66

place whatsoever. By the practice there was intended "not only the exterpation of the king's majesty and his "royal issue, but the whole subversion and downfall of "this estate; the plott being to take away at one in"stant the king, queen, prince, councell, nobillitie, "clergie, judges, and the principall gentlemen of the "realme, as they should have been altogether assembled "in the Parliament House in Westminster, the 5th of "November, being Tuesday. The meanes how to have "compassed so great an acte, was not to be performed "by strength of men or outward violence, but by a secret "conveyance of a great quantitie of gunpowder in a "vault under the upper house of parliament, and soe to * Ex Bibliothec. Cott.

"have blowne up all at a clapp, if God out of his mercie "and just revenge against so great an abomination had "not destined it to be discovered, though very miracu

lously, even some twelve houres before the matter "should have been put in execution. The person that "was the principall undertaker of it, is one Johnson, a "Yorkshire man, and servant to one Thomas Percy, a "gentleman pensioner to his majestie, and a near kins" man to the earl of Northumberland.

"This Percy had, about a year and a half agoe, hyred

a part of Vyniard House in the old Palace, from "whence he had access into this vault to lay his wood " and cole; and as it seemeth now, had taken this place "of purpose to work some mischief in a fit time. Hee " is a papist by profession, and so is his man Johnson; a

desperate fellow, who of late years he took into his "service. Into this vault Johnson had at sundry times I very privately conveyed a great quantity of powder, "and therewith filled two hogsheads, and some thirty"two small barrels; all which he had cunningly covered "with great store of billets and faggots; and on Monday, "at night, as he was busie to prepare his things for “execution, was apprehended in the place itself, with a "false lanthorne, booted and spurred. There was like"wise found some small quantitie of fine powder for to "make a trayne, and a peece of match, with a tinder"box to have fyred the trayne when he should have "seen time, and soe to have saved himself from the. "blowe, by some half an houre's respitt that the match "should have burned.

"Being taken and examined, he resolutely confessed "the attempt, and his intention to put it in execution 66 (as is said before) that very day and hower, when his "majestie should make his oration in the upper house. "For any complices in this horrible acte, he denyeth "to accuse any; alledging, that he had received the