posed) or to the chappell there standing; and between the gates is a strong wall on both sydes, and as it appeareth, hath been a draw-bridge; and without the same, before it come to the utter gate, a turne-pyke for defence of the bridge. The gate is a tower all massy worke on both sydes to the top of the vault; above the vault is the chappel,* and above the chappel a chamber, which is called the wardrobe; it is covered with lead, but in great ruine, both in leade and timber; it is in length tenn yards, and in breadth six yards, or thereaboutes.

There is opposite to the said gatehouse-tower, joyning to the north wall of the said castle, one hall of eighteen yeards of length, and nine yeards of breadth, or thereabouts, within the walls, covered alsoe with lead; albeit the tymber and leade in some decay.

Between the said gate-howse and hall, on the left hand at your entry in at the gate, is a house of ij° house height, of length xxiiij yeards, in breadth six yeards, or thereabouts, devided into two chambers, covered with slate. The lower house hath a great room to pass out of the court through that house to the great tower; and the south end a chamber, and inner chamber. Out of the utter chamber* is a passage to the great tower by a little gallary; on the other syde, a passage down to the buttery. Out of the inner chamber is a passage to the chappell; and on the other side a passage to a house called the nursery.

On the weste parte of the said house is another little house, standing east and west, upon the south wall, called the nursery, in length tenn yeards, and in breadth six yeards, or thereaboutes, of two house height, covered alsoe with slate. At the south-west corner is a house standing north and south, called the garner, adjoyning to the west wall, in length tenn yeards, in breadth six yeards, of ijo house height; the under house a stable, the upper house a garner, covered also with slate. At the northwest corner of the said castle is a little tower, called the west tower, of thre house height, round on the outside, in length seven yeards, or thereaboutes, covered with lead, but in decay both in lead and tymber.

Joyned to the said tower is another house of two house height, in length nine yeards, in breadth six yeards, or thereaboutes, covered with slate, but much in decay. In the middle of these houses, by itself standeth the great tower, one way xviijo yeardes, another way xijo yeardes, north and south, of three storeys onely, and of height xv° yeards, or thereabouts, besides the battlements. It hath noe vault of stone in it; it is covered with lead, but in some decay of lead and timber but necessary to be repaired; and a toofall, or a little house adjoyning thereunto, in utter decay.

At the east end of the hall is a house, called the kitchen, of one house height, in length xij yeards, in breadth six yeards, dim. or thereaboutes, covered with slate. In the east end, as it were, at the lower point of the shield, is a little square tower, in length vij yeards, in breadth v yeards, or thereabouts, covered with lead, but in utter ruine and decay, both in timber and lead. Adjoyning to the same is a house, called the brewhouse, in length viij yeards, and in breadth vij yeards, and covered with slate. There is within the scyte, and without the walls, an elder chappell, which hath been very fair and covered with slate. In the tyme diverse dwellers were on the demeynes one dwelled in the said chappell, and

* Sic.

made it his dwelling-house, and byers for his cattle, and by that means defaced, saving the tymber, walls, and greate parte of slate remayneth.

There is also within the precincts of the scyte a little milne, standing at the castle gate. There is under the moate on the north syde, a barne, two byers, and other such, an old kill and kill-house, all which were builded and repaired by Thomas Bates in the xx yeare of the queen's majestie's reigne, yt now is, and yet now in his late absence decayed. There was an orchard, sett all with fruit-trees, now all spoyled; and an old house, wherin the keeper of the orchard did dwell.

The said castle, towne, and mannor of Prudhow is scituate in TindaleWarde, on the south side of the River of Tyne adjoyning to the County Pallentyne of Durham, distant from the great Town of Newcastle vij myles, having a great and large demeyne adjoyning the same, good and fertile, and the tennantes there very fyn-able, and is of the parish of Ovingham, which lyeth on the north syde of the said river, and opposite to the said castle.

CHAPTER XIII.

WARK-UPON-TYNE, OR THE REGALITY OF TINDALE.

THE Franchise or Liberty of Tynedale, Tyndale, or Tindale, of which Wark was the capital until the reign of Henry II., was one of the royal manors, differing in no respect from the demesnes of the crown within the county of Northumberland. This county, as has been shown,* was, until the reign of William Rufus, governed with nearly independent authority by earls of its own; but in that reign it reverted to the crown on the attainder of Robert de Moubrai, of whose rebellion a curious account will be found in the short chronicle printed for the first time in the Appendix† to this volume, from the original record formerly in the Chapter-house at Westminster, and now removed to the Rolls House.

During the remainder of the reign of Rufus, and the whole of that of Henry I., Northumberland continued in the hands of the crown, its profits being accounted for by a sheriff, as in the other counties of England, in the solitary Pipe Roll of the latter reign.

King Stephen purchased the neutrality of David king of Scotland by the cession of the border counties of Cumberland and Northumberland; the former to himself, the latter to his son Henry. To Northumberland, indeed, Henry had hereditary claims as the descendant of its ancient earls through his mother Maud, the daughter of Earl Waltheof. On the death of Earl Henry, his eldest son Malcolm was proclaimed heir to his grandfather's kingdom; but the earldom of Northumberland was conferred on his younger brother, William, to whom the barons within the † Appendix, p. ix., &c.

* Chap. iv.

county did homage at Newcastle. The two brothers were both at this time minors; Malcolm, the elder, being only twelve years of age.

On the accession of Henry II., one of his first acts was to resume the royal demesnes which had been alienated by his predecessor, and in the third year of his reign he recovered possession both of Cumberland and Northumberland. In the Great Roll of the Pipe for the following year we find Tyndale included with the other royal manors in the rent charged against the sheriff; but an allowance of ten pounds is made to him in respect of this manor, of which he had not been in actual possession. With this amount Adam filius Suene is charged, who was probably the bailiff under its former possessor.

In the fifth year (1159) it was granted to William, and was the sole recompense which he ever received for the loss of the county. In the sheriff's accounts for this year, we find the same allowance of ten pounds for Tyndale which the brother of the king of Scotland hath. The loss of Northumberland always rankled in the mind of William; and after his brother's death, he asserted his pretensions both to this county and to Cumberland,* which, however, the English king refused to recognise. On this ground William joined the eldest son of King Henry in his unnatural rebellion against his father; in two successive years he invaded both counties; and the result was his capture at Alnwick, instead of the recovery of his lost territories. His son, Alexander II., received an additional grant of certain royal manors in Cumberland, in consideration of which he renounced for ever all claims to the two counties on behalf of the Scottish crown.

By an inquisition after the death of Alexander III., we find that the Cumberland manors were held by homage and fealty, and the tender of a falcon annually on the feast of the Assumption, at the castle of Carlisle; but Tyndale was held by homage only. Here the kings of Scotland enjoyed jura regalia as fully as in any part of their own realm, saving only the acknowledgment of the paramount superiority of the English crown. A remarkable evidence of this will be found in the Roll of the Justices

Quem ob negotia domini sui Rex Scotia Willielmus sequutus est. Chronica de Mailros, p. 80.

Itinerant of Alexander III. of the pleas held at Wark in the thirty-first year of his reign (1279), which is printed at length in the Appendix. For this most interesting historical document the author is indebted to the courtesy of the Right Honourable the Master of the Rolls. The transcript was originally intended to have been incorporated in Sir Francis Palgrave's valuable collection of documents illustrative of the history of Scotland. In the first volume of that work, printed under the authority of the late Record Commission,* is given a rental of the lordship as returned by Thomas de Normanville, the escheator beyond the Trent, for two years, the 14th and 15th of Edward I., during which it was in the English crown after the death of Alexander. From this record it appears that there were demesne lands as well at Wark as at Grendon, a wild district to the north of Haltwhistle. At the former was a capital messuage with a garden, which seems to have been occupied by the bailiff, as in the former year the garden only produced rent, in the latter the dwelling-house was also let. The demesne lands at Wark are computed at 104 acres, of which eight were meadow; those at Grendon 203 acres and 3 roods, of which 60 were in meadow.

The first year the demesnes of Wark were let at 31. 8s., besides 6s. for the garden; those of Grendon, 51. 3s. 4d. ; of the latter 36 acres 1 rood were uncultivated.

The second year the demesnes of Wark, with the capital messuage, produced-61. 17s.; those of Grendon, 107. 6s. 8d. The other receipts were as follows: