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17. If J. Ladd will sell 20lb. of butter for $3.80, what should he charge for 591b.? Ans. $11.21. 18. Sold 27 acres of land for $472.50; what was the price of 1 acre? What should be given for 12 acres? 19. Paid $39.69 for 7 cords of wood? cost? What will 57 cords cost?

20. Paid $10.08 for 144lb. of pepper; of 1 pound? What cost 359lb. ?

21. Paid $77.13 for 857lb. of rice; cost 3591b.?

Ans. $210. What will 1 cord Ans. $323.19. what was the price Ans. $25.13. what cost 1lb.? What Ans. $32.31. 987gal. of molasses; Ans. $62.51.

22. J. Johnson paid $187.53 for what cost 1gal. ? What cost 329gal. ? 23. For 47 bushels of salt, J. Ingersoll cost 1 bushel? What cost 39 bushels ?

paid $ 26.32; what Ans. $21.84.

ART. 78. The price of any quantity and the price of a unit of that quantity being given, to find the quantity.

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RULE. Divide the whole price by the price of a unit of the quantity required.

24. If I expend $150 for coal at $6 per ton, how many tons can I purchase? Ans. 25 tons.

ILLUSTRATION. Since I pay $6 for 1 ton, I can purchase as many tons with $150 as $6 is contained times in $150; $150 $6=25; therefore I can purchase 25 tons.

25. At $5 per ream, how many reams of paper can be bought for $175 ? Ans. 35 reams. 26. At $7.50 per barrel, how many barrels of flour can be obtained for $217.50?

Ans. 29 barrels. of iron can be purAns. 65 tons. 28. At $4 per yard, how many yards of cloth can be bought for $1728? Ans. 432 yards. 29. How many hundred weight of hay can be bought for $9.66, if $0.69 are paid for 1 hundred weight?

27. At $75 per ton, how many tons chased for $4875?

Ans. 14 hundred weight. 30. If $66.51 are paid for flour at $7.39 per barrel, how many barrels can be bought? Ans. 9 barrels.

31. Paid $136.50 for wood, at $3.25 per cord; how many cords did I buy? Ans. 42 cords.

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QUESTIONS. Art. 78. How do you find the quantity, the price of one pound, &c., being given? Give the reason for the rule.

BILLS.

ART. 79. A BILL is a paper, given by merchants, containing a statement of goods sold, and their prices.

What is the cost of each article in, and the amount of, each of the following bills?

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QUESTION.-Art. 79. What is a bill in mercantile transactions?

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SIX. QUESTIONS INVOLVING FRACTIONS.

ART. 80. If a unit or individual thing is divided into parts, one of the parts is called a Fraction of the number or thing divided. Hence FRACTIONS are parts of whole numbers.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

1. If any number or thing is divided into two equal parts, one of the parts is called one half, and is written thus: .

2. If any number or thing is divided into three equal parts, one of the parts is called one third (3); two of the parts are called two thirds (3).

3. When any number or thing is divided into four equal parts, one of the parts is called one fourth (†); three of the parts, three fourths (3).

4. If any number or thing is divided into five equal parts, one of the parts is called one fifth (); two parts, two fifths (?); three parts, three fifths (3); and four parts, four fifths (†).

5. When any number or thing is divided into six equal parts, what is one of the parts called? Two parts? Five parts?

6. If a number or thing is divided into 7 equal parts, what is 1 part called? 2 parts? 3 parts? 4 parts? 5 parts? 6 parts? 7. If a number or thing is divided into 9 equal parts, what is 1 part called? 2 parts? 4 parts? 5 parts? 7 parts? 8 parts?

8. What is 1 half of 4? Of 8? Of 16? Of 20? Of 32 ?

Of 28 ?

9. What is 1 third of 9? Of 12? Of 15? Of 27? Of 30? Of 36? Of 60 ?

10. What is 1 fourth of 8? Of 16? Of 20? Of 24? Of 40? Of 48? Of 100 ?

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QUESTIONS.- -Art. 80. What is a fraction? What is meant by one half of any number or thing? How is it written? What is meant by one third, and how is it written? What by one fourth, and how written? What by one fifth, and how written? What by four fifths, and how written? What by five sixths, and how written? How do you find one half of any number? How one third? How one fourth? &c. How many halves make a whole one? How many thirds? How many fourths? How many fifths? How many eighths? How many fifteenths? &c.

13. How many fourths in 1 apple?

14. How many fourths in 2 apples? In 3 apples? In 8 apples? In 16 apples?

15. How many fifths in 1 barrel of flour? In 3 barrels ? In 5 barrels ? In 7 barrels? In 9 barrels ?

16. How many sixths in 1

bushel of wheat? In 4 bushels ?

In 7 bushels? In 9 bushels? In 12 bushels?

17. James owns 3 fifths of a kite, and his brother Thomas the remainder. How many fifths does Thomas own?

ILLUSTRATION. - Since there are 5 fifths in the kite, if James owns 3 fifths, there will remain for Thomas 5 fifths (§) less 3 fifths (3) =2 fifths. Ans. 2 fifths.

18. From a load of hay I sold 4 sevenths; how many sevenths remain ?

19. Bought a hogshead of molasses, and 4 fifths of it leaked out; how much remained?

20. John Jones found a large sum of money; he gave 5 eighths of it to the poor of the parish; how much did he reserve for himself?

21. If the captain and crew have 3 elevenths of the income of a ship, what part remains for the owners?

22. John Smith gave 2 ninths of his farm to his son, 3 ninths to his daughter, and the remainder to his wife; how many ninths did his wife receive?

ILLUSTRATION.

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If he gave 2 ninths () to his son, and 3 ninths (3) to his daughter, he gave them both += §; and since there are 9 ninths (3) in the farm, he must have given his wife的一§=告 Ans..

23. In a certain school of the pupils study grammar, study arithmetic, geography, and the remainder philosophy. What part of the school study philosophy ?

24. J. Dow spends of his time in reading, in labor, and in visiting. How, large a portion of his time remains for eating and sleeping?

25. Ira Thomas gave of his money for apples, and for pears; what part has he left?

26. If a yard of cloth cost $8, what costs of a yard? What cost of a yard ?

ILLUSTRATION. — - If 1 yard cost $8, of a yard will cost of $8 $2; and if of a yard cost $2, times as much; 3 times $2 = $6.

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Ans. $6.

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