Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance

Front Cover
Academic Press, Apr 11, 2012 - Psychology - 938 pages

This scholarly work is the most comprehensive existing resource on human physical appearance—how people’s outer physical characteristics and their inner perceptions and attitudes about their own appearance (body image) affect their lives. The encyclopedia’s 117 full-length chapters are composed and edited by the world’s experts from a range of disciplines—social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. The extensive topical coverage in this valuable reference work includes: (1) Important theories, perspectives, and concepts for understanding body image and appearance; (2) Scientific measurement of body image and physical attributes (anthropometry); (3) The development and determinants of human appearance and body image over the lifespan: (4) How culture and society influences the meanings of human appearance; (5) The psychosocial effects of appearance-altering disease, damage, and visible differences; (6) Appearance self-change and self-management; (7) The prevention and treatment of body image problems, including psychosocial and medical interventions. Chapters are written in a manner that is accessible and informative to a wide audience, including the educated public, college and graduate students, and scientists and clinical practitioners. Each well-organized chapter provides a glossary of definitions of any technical terms and a Further Reading section of recommended sources for continued learning about the topic.

Available online via ScienceDirect or in a limited-release print version.

  • The Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance is a unique reference for a growing area of scientific inquiry
  • It brings together in one source the research from experts in a variety of fields examining this psychological and sociological phenomenon
  • The breadth of topics covered, and the current fascination with this subject area ensure this reference will be of interest to researchers and a lay audience alike
 

Contents

Face and Body in Motion Nonverbal Communication
425
Face and Hand Transplantation
431
Feminist Perspectives on Body Image and Physical Appearance
438
Cover
445
Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance
i
Copyright
iv
EditorinChief
v
Associate Editors
vii

Body Art Tattooing and Piercing
58
Bodybuilding
66
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
74
Body Height
82
Body Image among African Americans
89
Body Image among Asian Americans
95
Body Image among Gay Lesbian and Bisexual Individuals
103
Body Image among HispanicsLatinos
108
Body Image among Older Adults
114
Body Image and Fat Talk
120
Body Image and Gender Roles
128
Body Image and Personality
135
Body Image and SelfEsteem
141
Body Image and Sexual Functioning
148
Body Image and Social Class
153
Body Image and SportsAthletics
160
Body Image Behaviors Checking Fixing and Avoiding
166
Body Image Change and Prevention DissonanceBased Approaches
173
Body Image Development Adolescent Boys
180
Body Image Development Adolescent Girls
187
Body Image Development Adult Men
194
Body Image Development Adult Women
201
Body Image Development Boy Children
207
Body Image Development Girl Children
212
Body Image Familial Influences
219
Body Image in Dance and Aesthetic Sports
226
Body Image in Mood and Psychotic Disorders
233
Body Image in NonWestern Societies
238
Body Image in Social Contexts
243
Body Image Issues among Individuals with HIV and AIDS
250
Body Image Peer Influences
257
Body Weight and Body Image in Adults
264
Body Weight and Body Image in Children and Adolescents
270
Breast Reconstruction and Breast Reduction Surgeries
275
Breast Size
282
Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder
293
Burn Injuries The Social and Emotional Impact of Scarring
300
Cancers
307
Childrenx02019s Media Influences
314
Clothing and Adornment Social Psychology Perspectives
320
CognitiveBehavioral Body Image Therapy
327
CognitiveBehavioral Perspectives on Body Image
334
Congenital Craniofacial and Maxillofacial Malformations
343
Cosmetic Surgical and NonSurgical Procedures for the Face
350
Cosmetic Surgical Procedures for the Body
360
Cosmetics Use Psychological Perspectives
366
Dental and Orthodontic Treatments
372
Dieting Chronic
380
Dolls and Action Figures
386
Drug Use Appearance and PerformanceEnhancing
392
Endocrine Conditions
399
Evolutionary Perspectives on Physical Appearance
404
Exercise Effects on Body Image
412
Experiential and Somatopsychic Approaches to Body Image Change
418
List Of Contributors
xi
Guide To Using The Encyclopedia
xvii
Preface
xix
Gender Disorder Transgenderism and Transsexuality
445
Genetics and Human Appearance
453
Genitalia
460
Gynecologic Conditions and Body Image A Lifetime Perspective
468
Hair Body and Facial
475
Hair Loss Effects and SurgicalDrug Treatments for the Alopecias
482
Hair Styling and Coloring
490
Internalization of ThinIdeal and MuscularIdeal
499
Measurement and Stability of Physical Attractiveness Judgments
505
Measurement of Body Image in Adolescence and Adulthood
512
Measurement of Body Image in Childhood
521
Measurement of Perceptual Body Image
526
Measurement of Physical SelfConfidenceCompetence
533
Media Influences on Female Body Image
540
Media Influences on Male Body Image
547
Medically Induced Iatrogenic Adverse Changes in Appearance
554
Muscularity and Body Image
561
Neuroscientific Perspectives on Body Image
568
Objectification Theory SelfObjectification and Body Image
574
Occupational and Economic Consequences of Physical Attractiveness
581
Physical Appearance and Stigma
588
Physical Appearance Changes across Adulthood Men
595
Physical Appearance Changes across Adulthood Women
602
Physical Appearance Changes in Childhood and Adolescence Boys
608
Physical Appearance Changes in Childhood and Adolescence Girls
615
Physical Attractiveness and Personality
622
Physical Attractiveness Dating Mating and Social Interaction
629
Physical Attractiveness Stereotyping
636
Physical Disability and Body Image in Adults
644
Physical Disability and Body Image in Children
650
Positive Psychology Perspectives on Body Image
657
Pregnancy Physical and Body Image Changes
664
Preventing Body Image Problems Digitally Delivered Interventions
669
Preventing Body Image Problems Ecological and Activism Approaches
674
Preventing Body Image Problems Public Policy Approaches
680
Preventing Body Image Problems SchoolBased Approaches
686
Psychodynamic Perspectives on Body Image
693
Psychological Trauma and Body Image
700
Race Ethnicity and Human Appearance
707
SelfDiscrepancy Theory and Body Image
711
SelfMutilation and Excoriation
724
Skin Color
730
Skin Conditions
738
Smoking and Body Image
745
Social Comparison Theory and Body Image
751
Sociocultural Perspectives on Body Image
758
Surveys and the Epidemiology of Body Image Dissatisfaction
766
Tanning Natural and Artificial
775
Teasing AppearanceRelated
783
Traumatic Injuries and Body Image
790
WeightLoss Programs Commercial and Popular Diets
798

Common terms and phrases

About the author (2012)

Thomas F. Cash is a Professor of Psychology at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. Cash earned his Bachelor of Arts from Vanderbilt University and his Master of Arts and Ph.D. from George Peabody College. Considered a pioneer in the psychology of physical appearance, Cash wrote the self-help book, What Do You See When You Look in the Mirror? Helping Yourself to a Positive Body Image to teach people how to be more objective about their bodies. Filled with enlightening self-tests, distinctive case histories, and practical exercises, readers learn how to overcome negative thinking and improve their self-esteem. In addition to writing self-help books, Cash has conducted research for Neutrogena Corporation. Along with Dr. Anne S Lucky, president of Dermatology Research Associates of Cincinnati, Cash has surveyed over 560 teenagers and adults who suffer, or have in the past suffered, from acne. The results show the long-term effects of adolescent acne, the role it plays in effective skin care management, and its psychological effects.

Bibliographic information