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the same age. He calculates, that the influence of disappointed love, and of jealousy, is in the proportion of 2 among women to 1 in men; that reverses of fortune produce as 3 in men to 1 in women; and that the influence of baffled ambition is as 5 to 1. Actual misery, however, is stated to have an equal effect on both sexes. Alluding to the number of deaths by apoplexy, the doctor estimates that they were in Paris, from 1794 to 1804, 399; from 1804 to 1814, 979; from 1814 to 1824, 919. There are nearly three times more apoplexies among men than women.

Curing the King's Evil.-About five miles from Sturminster Newton, and near the village of Hazlebury, resides a man named Buckland, who has attained a reputation for curing, in a miraculous manner, the king's evil, at his yearly "fair or feast," as it is termed. Exactly twenty-four hours before the new moon, in the month of May, every year, whether it happen by night or by day, the afflicted persons assemble at the doctor's residence, where they are supplied by him with the hind legs of a toad! enclosed in a small bag, (accompanied with some verbal charm or incantation,) and also a lotion and salve of the doctor's preparation. The bag containing the legs of the reptile is worn suspended from the neck of the patient, and the lotion and salve applied in the usual manner, until the cure is completed, or until the next year's "fair." The number of conveyances laden with the afflicted, which passed through Sturminster on the 2d of May, 1829, bore ample testimony to the number of the doctor's applicants; and the appearance of many of them showed that they moved in a respectable sphere of life.

Coloured Flame of Spirits of Wine.-The professor Vogel, in a memoir read to the Assembly of Naturalists at Munich, in 1827, gave the following rules for colouring the flame of spirits of wine, either yellow, red, or green. A yellow flame is produced by setting fire to the spirits over salt, of which the bases may be either ammoniac or soda, manganese, iron, mercury, platina, gold, nickel, cobalt, or bismuth. A red flame is obtained by making use of salts, the base of which is either lime, or strontian, or lithine, or magnesia. If the spirits be burnt over salts of copper, uranium, or alumine, a green flame is obtained. All the salts made use of should be soluble in alcohol, A green flame is also to be procured by dissolving in the alcohol boracic acid, or weak hydrochloric ether. It follows, from the experiments of M. Vogel, that the oxide of copper is reduced, by burning alcohol, to protoxide and metallic copper, and that the green flame itself contains copper.

Rearing of Apple Trees.-A horticulturist in Bohemia has a beautiful plantation of the best sort of apple trees, which have neither sprung from seeds nor from grafting. His plan is to take shoots from choice sorts, insert each of them into a potato, and plunge both into the ground, leaving but an inch or two of the shoot above the surface. The potato nourishes the shoot whilst it is pushing out roots, and the shoot gradually springs up, and becomes a healthy tree, bearing the best of fruit, without requiring to be grafted.

Manifold Properties of the Elder Tree.-The elder tree, says Miss Kent, in an article in the Magazine of Natural History, does as much good by its noxious as by its agreeable qualities. If corn or other vegetables be smartly whipped with the branches, they will communicate a sufficient portion of their scent to keep off the insects by which so many plants are frequently blighted. An infusion of the leaves, poured over plants, will preserve them from caterpillars also. The wine made from the berries is well known; but, perhaps, it may not be so generally known that the buds make an excellent pickle. A water distilled from the flowers rivals buttermilk itself as a rural cosmetic. In some remote country-places it supplies the place both of the surgeon and the druggist; it furnishes ointments, infusions, and decoctions, for all ailments, cuts, or bruises. Every part of it serves some useful purpose; the wood, pith, bark, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruit. Its narcotic scent makes it unwholesome to sleep under its shade.

Oil Spring-We have just conversed with a gentleman from Cumberland county, (United States,) who informs us that, in boring through a rock for saltwater, a fountain of petroleum, or volatile oil, was struck at the depth of one hundred and thirty feet. When the augur was withdrawn the oil rushed up twelve or fourteen feet above the surface of the earth, and it was believed that about seventy-five gallons were discharged per minute, forming quite a bold stream from the place to the Cumberland river, into which it discharged itself. The fountain or stream was struck four or five days previous to the departure of our informant, at which time the quantity of petroleum discharged had not perceptibly diminished. Falling into the Cumberland river, the volatile oil covered a considerable portion of the surface of the stream for many miles below. If ignited, it would present a magnificent, if not an appalling, spectacle.

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British Oil, which is extensively used as a medicine, is manufactured of petroleum. We have seen a specimen of this oil-it ignites freely, and produces a flame as brilliant as gas light. Our informant states, that, in the same neighbourhood in which this immense fountain of petroleum has been discovered, Dr. John Croghan has succeeded, by boring, in obtaining an abundant supply of salt water, at a depth of more than two hundred feet, which now rises about twenty-five feet above the ordinary level of Cumberland river. The works, we are assured, will prove highly useful to the surrounding country, and profitable to the enterprising proprietor.-Louisville Advertiser.

Large Paper-Much has been recently said about. the immense sheets of printed paper produced by cer. tain Newspaper establishments; but it ought to be known, that the difficulty does not consist in manufacturing paper of almost any size, but in having printing presses of the requisite magnitude. At White Hall Mill, in Derbyshire, a sheet of paper was lately manufactured which measured 13,300 feet in length, four feet in width, and would cover an acre and a half of ground!

Rare Invention.-The gold Vulcan medal of the Society of Arts has been presented to Mr. G. Gibson, of Birmingham, who, being blind himself, has invented a set of types, whereby he can write down his thoughts, perform arithmetical operations, and communicate the results of them not only to those who can see, but to persons labouring under the same privation with himself.

Comparative Salubrity of different Counties.-The following observations, relating to the salubrity of dif ferent districts in England, are founded on extracts from the Parliamentary returns, laid before the Committee of the house of commons. The counties in which the mortality was above the average, wereMiddlesex, where it was 1 in 36; Kent, where it was 1 in 41; Warwickshire, where it was 1 in 42; Cambridgeshire, where it was 1 in 44; Essex, where it was also 1 in 44; Surrey, where it was 1 in 45; the East Riding of Yorkshire, where it was 1 in 47; Lancashire, where it was 1 in 48. With regard to Lancashire, where the mortality is somewhat above the average, the number of large towns and extensive manufactories affording a greater proportion of artisans to rural inhabitants than in any other county, except those in which the metropolis is situated, is certainly the cause of this; for the air is very salubrious, and the greater quantity and cheapness of fuel is extremely friendly to life, health, and comfort. It is, probably, owing to this advantage that the inhabitants of this county, particularly the females, have become noted for their well-formed persons and comely countenances, forming a contrast with those of Buckinghamshire, where the fuel was extremely scanty and high-priced before the late extension of the inland navigation, so that the labouring classes suffered peculiar hardships from this privation, and are of a stature so inferior, that the militia-men are, by act of parliament, admissible at a lower standard than in the rest of England. The report of Manchester, which is the second town in England in point of population, forms an exception to the rest of Lancashire, for the mortality there on the average of the last ten years was 1 in 58; and in 1811, 1 in 74; but that of Liverpool was 1 in 34 on the average of ten years, and 1 in 30 in 1811. In the former town we have another pleasing picture of the progressive improvement of health; for it is stated by the late Dr. Percival, that in 1757 the annual mortality of Manchester was 1 in 25-7; and in 1770, 1 in 28, although at the former period the population was not quite onefourth, and at a later period not one-half, the present amount. This improvement of health is clearly imputable to certain regulations of police, particularly with respect to ventilation, recommended and introduced by the above enlightened and active physician.

Watchmen.-The appearance of the watchmen in Stockholm is most grotesque. Their dress consists entirely of the skins of animals, and they walk constantly in pairs, carrying in their hands a curious instrument for seizing culprits who may endeavour to escape from them. It is so contrived as to shut fast about the neck, being applied below the back part of the head, and it becomes tighter the more the person caught struggles to get free.

Light.-A Patent has been taken out for a new mode of producing Instantaneous Light without the aid of a bottle or any apparatus; it consists simply of a piece of paper twisted spirally, the thickest end of which, on being compressed with the bottom of any hard substance, will produce brilliant and instant flame, which will continue to burn about two minutes, sufficient time to seal a letter without the use of a candle.

Taxes.-It has been lately decided, that a furnished house, unless inhabited, is not liable to the payment of assessed taxes.

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Sting of Bees.-Aqua ammonia is stated to counter. act the effects of the bites of insects and the stings of bees, wasps, &c.; and to have been applied with success even to the bites of venomous serpents.

Transportation.-According to the Morning Herald, there are 649 persons confined in Millbank Penitentiary, who cost the country annually 71. each. The sending a convict to Van Diemen's Land costs 801., while merchant vessels take out passengers at 301. each.

Aged Horse. A horse of 103 years of age is shewn at Berlin. It belongs to a Polish merchant. This remarkable animal has been always fed upon sugar since it was seventy years old.-Furet de Londres.

Substitute for Coffee-Sir H. Willock, Charge d'Affairs at Persia, states that a root, well known in England under the name of endive or succory, is roasted, and reduced to powder by the inhabitants of Moscow and the greater part of Russia, as a substitute for tea or coffee; that he has derived much benefit from its use as a beverage, and that he provided a considerable quantity to take with him to Persia.

Pretenders.-It is a circumstance not generally known, that the three last pretenders of the dethroned family of the Stuarts, have recorded upon their tombs in the Cathedral Church of St. Peter at Rome, their pretended titles of Kings of Great Britain and Ireland, under the names of Charles III., James III., and Henry IX., the last being the Cardinal York, who lived and died a pensioner of our late sovereign.

Laurel.-The butchers of Geneva have a singular mode of preventing flies from attacking the meat in their shops. They rub the walls and boards upon which the meat is placed with the essential oil of laurel; the smell of which keeps away this troublesome insect.

Butter.-The Belfast Mercantile Advertiser states the following mode of curing butter, as now adopted by some of the dairies in that neighbourhood, and adds that butter so cured generally sells in Liverpool for 1d, per lb. above that cured in the usual way:-One ounce refined sugar, one ounce fine common salt, and one ounce saltpetre, to every eight pounds of butter; or about half a pound of each article to a firkin of 64 or 68lbs. of butter.

Pictures of Father and Son.-An old woman, who shewed the house and pictures at Towcester, expressed herself in these remarkable words:-"That is Sir Robert Farmer; he lived in the country, took care of this estate, built this house, and paid for it; managed well, saved money, and died rich.-That is his Son; he was made a Lord, took a place at Court, spent his estate, and died a beggar.'

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Literary Notices.

Just Published.

No. VI. of National Portrait Gallery, containing striking Likenesses of Bishop Heber, Lord Grantham, and the Duke of Beaufort.

No. II. of Devonshire and Cornwall Illustrated, with four beautiful engravings, and descriptive matter.

Christian Counsel; or a manual of one hundred Practical Contemplations, tending to promote gospel principles and a good conversation in Christ, by an Old Divine.

The fifth edition of the Cabinet Lawyer; including the statutes of the 10th Geo. IV. and legal Decisions to the close of the Summer Assizes.

The Christian's Manual; or, the Desire of the Soul turned to God: containing extracts from the writings of the Rev. William Law, M.A. on the following important Subjects, in three parts:-1. A Practical Treatise on Christian Perfection.-2. The Spirit of Prayer.-3. On the Lord's Supper.

Ten Introductory Lectures delivered at the opening of the University of London, session 1828-9. 1 vol. 8vo. By E. Palmer, the fourth vol. of Russell's Works of the English and Scottish Reformers.

The Mercantile Teacher's Assistant, &c. comprising three sets of books, by J. Morrison, accountant. The Deluge, and other poems, by Mary Hill. The Picture of Australia, exhibiting New Holland, Van Diemen's Land, Swan River, &c.

Select Letters of the late Rev. W. Romaine, M.A. Man's Enmity to God, and Merey for the Chief of Sinners, by the late Stephen Charnock, B.D. Dialogues on Prophecy, vol. III.

Forty-five Lectures on our Lord's Sermon on the Mount, by J. E. Good, Salisbury.

Discourses on Various Subjects relative to the Being and Attributes of God and his Works, &c. by Adam Clarke, LL.D. F.A.S. &c, vol. II,

The Principle of Vital Godliness, by D. Taylor.

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Familiar Letters on a variety of seasonable and important subjects, by the Rev. Jonathan Dickinson, A.M. with Introductory Essay, by Rev. D. Young, The Living Temple, or a Good Man the Temple of God, by the Rev. John Howe, A.M. Introductory Essay, by Dr. Chalmers.

Cuma, the Warrior Bard of Erin, and other poems, by John Richard Best, esq.

Anti-Slavery Reporter for Sept. No. 52.

Scripture Questions on the principal discourses and Parables of the Lord Jesus Christ, by the Rev. Albert Judson of America.

Some Account of the Life of Reginald Heber, D.D. Bishop of Calcutta, with a portrait.

A Treatise on the Internal Regulations of Friendly Societies, &c. by James Wright.

In the Press.

Captain Elliot's Illustrations of India, Canton, and the Red Sea.

In one vol. 8vo. the Peculiar Doctrines of the Church of Rome, as contained exclusively in her own Conciliar Decrees and Pontifical Bulls, examined and disproved, by the Rev. H. C. O'Donnoghue, A.M. of St. John's College, Cambridge; and domestic chaplain to the right hon. the Earl of Dunraven.

The Rev. Ingram Cobbin's Cottage Commentator will in future be published in volumes instead of numbers. Those who have the first number of the second volume, will be accommodated with the remaining matter when vol. 2 appears, which will be early in 1830.

A Manual of the Economy of the Human Body, in Health and Disease. Comprehending a concise view of the Structure of the Human Frame, its most prevalent Diseases, and ample Directions for the regulation of Diet; with the Regimen and Treatment of Children and the Aged.

The second part of Mr. Granville's Imperial School Grammar, is expected to appear some time in October.

Preparing for Publication.

The copyright of S. Drew's "Original Essay on the Immateriality and Immortality of the Soul," being about to return to the author, a new edition of that work may be shortly expected, containing his latest revisions and emendations.

The Literary Souvenir" of the present year is expected to be the most brilliant number of the work which has yet been produced. It contains twelve exquisitely finished line engravings, from pictures by Sir Thomas Lawrence, Leslie, Harlowe, Collins, H. Howard, Chalon, Allston, F. P. Stephanoff, Martin, R. Westall, Uwins, and Phalippon. The Literary Contents of the volume have received a considerable accession of strength; and include contributions from a variety of distinguished pens, not hitherto engaged in works of this class.

We understand "The Amulet" for the coming year, is nearly complete; and that Mr. Hall has been very successful in obtaining the co-operation of many of the most distinguished writers of the age, Among its illustrations, will be an engraving, from the King's picture, of an English cottage, by Mulready, another from Wilkie's painting of the "Dorty Bairn," another from a drawing by Martiu, from the burin of Le Keux, for which, it is stated, the engraver received the unprecedented sum of 180 guineas; and another by Pickersgill, for which 145 guineas were paid.

"The Juvenile Forget-me-Not" is announced for publication in November, under the superintendence of Mrs. S. C. Hall. It is, we understand, to contain twelve engravings of a very interesting character to the little folk, for whom it is intended-as a Christmas Present, or New Year's Gift,

A Topographical and Historical Account of Wainfleet and the Wapentake of Candleshoe, in the County of Lincoln, including Biography of Bishop Waynfltee, Rev. Thomas Grantham, Rev. Thomas Scott, Henry Stubbe, &c. With numerous engravings on copper and wood, by Edmund Oldfield.

Dr. Arnott's Elements of Physics, or Natural Philosophy, will be completed by the publication of the second volume, which will appear early in October.... Early in October will be published, in foolscap 8vo. "The Mother and her Daughters.",

The Heraldry of Crests, containing upwards of 3500 different crests.

The publication of the First Number of the Edin, burgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science, is postponed till the 1st of October.

On January 1, 1830, will be published, in two vols. Historical Memoirs of the Church and Court of Rome, from the establishment of Christianity, under Constantine, to the present time.

The third No. of the Enigmatical Entertainer and Mathematical Associate, being the No. for 1830, will be published on the 1st of October.

LONDON: PRINTED AT THE CAXTON PRESS, BY H. FISHER, SON, AND CO.

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Memoir of Francis Rawdon Hastings, MARQUIS OF HASTINGS, K.G. (With a Portrait.)

THE history of a renowned warrior is too frequently a harrowing recital of deeds, from the contemplation of which the better feelings of the human mind turn with abhorrence. Every page teems with murder and ravage; and the sanguinary struggles of uncurbed ambition, or lawless power, are decked with ferocious interest, and written in characters of blood.

"The march of the thousands," the heart-stirring shouts of mighty hosts going forth to battle, and all the glittering accompaniments of military expeditions, so fascinate and delude the mind, that we are led to associate with the war-field, nothing but glory and heroism. But when we contrast "the pomp and circumstance of war" with their desolating consequences; when we behold the once flourishing city a heap of smoking ruins, its inhabitants held captive, or wandering as fugitives in other lands, and contemplate the havoc that has wasted all their substance, the flimsy dream of admiration vanishes, and the fell demon of war stands revealed in all his deformity. The time, however, has not yet arrived for men to "beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pruninghooks." Nation still continues to lift up the sword against nation; and so long as ambition rules in the hearts of princes,so long as their native land and the paternal hearth are dear to men, war must continue to be an unavoidable evil. man, therefore, who, with "unshaken constancy of soul," asserts the rights and liberties of his country in fields of danger, and through scenes of toil and suffering, is worthy of public gratitude, and the reverence of after-ages. To him may be addressed the commendations of the poet :

The

"Let laurels drenched in pure Parnassian dews
Reward his memory, dear to every muse,
Who, with a courage of unshaken root,
In honour's field advancing his firm foot,
Plants it upon the line that Justice draws,
And will prevail or perish in her cause.
'Tis to the virtues of such men, man owes
His portion in the good that Heav'n bestows.
And when recording history displays

Feats of renown, though wrought in ancient days, 131.-VOL. XI.

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Tells of a few stout hearts that fought and died, Where duty plac'd them, at their country's side; The man that is not mov'd with what he reads, That takes not fire at their heroic deeds, Unworthy of the blessings of the brave, Is base in kind, and born to be a slave."--COWPER. The subject of the present memoir was the offspring of a long line of noble ancestry; and, however we may be disposed to contemn" the boast of heraldry," which too frequently resembles a crown on a death's head, in this case, at least, it is deserving of respect. So far as history can trace them back, we find the progenitors of the Rawdon family always asserting the rights and independence of their country, and moving in the strait path of unsullied honour. Nor was the brightness of their glorious achievements impaired by any action in the life of their representative, the late Marquis of Hastings. He did not boast of his ancestors, but imitated them; and his fame rests more firmly on his own personal merit, than on the claims of descent.

The family of Rawdon is of Norman extraction; but the English_pedigree is deduced from Paulyn, or Paulinus de Roydon, who commanded a body of archers in the army of William, at the battle of Hastings. For this service he received from the conqueror a grant of lands in the West Riding of Yorkshire, near Leeds. The tenure was by grand sergeantry; and the condition, that of presenting to the king and his successors a cross-bow and arrow, whenever any of them should come to hunt there. Of the title-deed conveying these manorial rights, Weever, in his "Funeral Monuments," gives the following as a faithful transcript: I William Kyng, the third yere of my reign, Give to thee Paulyn Roydon, Hope and Hopetowne, With all the bounds both up and downe; From heven to yerthe, from yerthe to hel, For the and thyne there to dwel, As truly as this king-right is myn; For a crosse-bow and an arrow, When I sal come to hunt on Yarrow. And in token that this thing is sooth, I bit the whyt wax with my tooth, Before Meg, Maud, and Margery, And my third sonne, Henry.

Some heraldic antiquaries have affected to doubt the authenticity of this record, but its validity seems supported by internal evidence; and the armorial bearing,

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