channels, after they are struck out by the action of the composer, must be injurious to the type. The machine was worked by clean, dry type; what would be the effect of working with the usual letter of a morning paper? London Morning Herald.

GOA.

ANOTHER of the revolutionary changes, to which the Portuguese colonies have, during some years, been subject, has taken place at Goa. The Governor, Senor de Lima, has been compelled to resign. The causes of this act are thus stated:

It appears that the Governor of Macao having, in consequence of the disturbed state of affairs in China, asked for additional troops, the governor of Goa, in whom is vested the supreme power over all the Portuguese colonies of the East, expressed a wish to send thither a portion of a battalion of Europeans, whose presence in Goa was disagreeable to him. In order to get completely rid of them, he named their chief officer, Major Mascarenhas, to the situation of Governor of Timor, whither all those soldiers of the battalion, not required at Macao, were ordered to proceed. The battalion embarked on board the corvette Infante Regente, but soon exhibited the most unruly disposition, and declared that they had been enlisted to serve in India, and not in China, or the savage islands. Their insubordination induced the officer having command to come ashore, to impart the intelligence to the Governor, De Lima.

Upon the departure of that officer the soldiers seized the boat of the corvette and went also ashore. Confusion ensued; other troops were called on to move on Pangim, in order to quell the mutiny; but, after various parleys, and a long deliberation on the part of the council, the Governor, De Lima, against whose life some threats were stated to have been uttered, becoming highly alarmed, thought proper to resign his post. Another governor, ad interim, has been named in his stead; all was said to be tranquil at Goa at the time of the departure of the last mail. Senhor de Lima embarked with his family on board the corvette Infante Regente, and is now coming to Bombay, with the intention of proceeding to Europe. Bombay Gazette, May 9.

CHRONOLOGY.

CHRONOLOGY.

FOREIGN.

ST. PETERSBURGH, June 2. THE WAR IN THE CAUCASUS. It is now no secret, that Prince Czernitscheff himself takes the command in chief of the army in the Caucasus, to make an effort to overcome, with a very great superiority of force, the insurgents of Circassia and Ábchasia. The contest, as it has hitherto been carried on, was evidently too much protracted, and cost the Russians too much blood without indemnifying them by a corresponding advantage. They have, indeed, always been victorious in the summer in this sanguinary warfare, but regularly lost every winter by surprise several of the forts erected in the extreme line of operations, and at the opening of every new campaign they have had to employ much time and labor to recover what they already possessed the year before. The Russians have undoubtedly confined the mountaineers within narrow limits, yet competent judges are of opinion, that if the same system of operations were continued, the war might last years

more.

Two circumstances are supposed to have led to the resolution to endeavor to end the war at once by the employment of great masses of troops: the state of affairs in South Asia, and the death of Guz Bey, the most dangerous of the Circassian chiefs. Russia certainly cannot be an indifferent spectator of the events that are preparing in Central Asia, and yet all its enterprises in that quarter are paralysed, as long as it has an enemy always ready for action in the Caucasus.

Guz Bey, who is dead, was the most enterprising of all the Princes of the mountains, and the present chiefs, Mansor and Tschannazare, are said to be at variance, so that there seems to be a favorable opportunity to subdue them, to which the religious animosity of the Christian and Mahomedan tribes may contribute. Travellers from South Russia say, that there is a great movement of troops, and all are confident of success, especially because Czernitscheff, the Rus

VOL. III.

32

sian Blucher, is at the head, and Grabbe, who is thoroughly acquainted with the grand community, under him; nevertheless, the issue is problematical, for in such contests all calculations may be defeated by the slightest unforeseen accident, as happened in Perowski's ominous expedition. Meantime, to prevent the mountaineers from receiving any supplies of arms and ammunition, Russian ships strictly blockade the whole coast from Sinops (the seat of the English agents) to Anapa, Ickaterinodar, Kawkaskaja, and Stawropol, on the right bank of the Kuban. The Leghrans on the right bank of the Terek are no longer dreaded, but the Abchasians Perhaps the are said to have collected in the neighborhood of Sochunkule. Russians may succeed, by skilfully taking advantage of the ground, in isolating some of the tribes, and then they will have the game in their hands.

MADRID, June 17. The official Gazette announces this morning the formation of the new Ministry, on the basis we published last month.

General Rodil, Minister of War and President of the Council.

Count Almodovar, Foreign Affairs. Zumalacarregui, Minister of Justice. Ramon Calatrava, (Senator,) Minister of Finance.

Capaz, (Senator,) Minister of Marine. Torrez Solanot, Minister of Interior. DRESDEN, June 27. THE ELBE. In of the long-continued consequence drought, the Elbe is so low that our steamers cannot move; but the Bohemia steamer, drawing much less water, still continues to ply. Many ships with cargoes are aground; the Bohemian ships pass, but very lightly loaded; and our vessels laden with free-stone, which could meet with a good market at Hamburg, cannot come down the river. This gradual decrease in the water would have given a favorable opportunity to improve the navigation of the Elbe. The commissioners who are to meet may convince themselves by personal inspection that it is high time to make every exertion to remove the obstruction to the navigation

of this great German river, which is above lection includes the Gospels, Epistles, 700 miles in length. and Acts of the Apostles, in Ethiopic; LONDON, June 30. TREATIES BE- the Song of Solomon, in all the AbyssinTWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND TEXAS. ian dialects, with a vocabulary to each; The ratifications of the long-pending trea- the celebrated Chronicle of Axum, and ties between Great Britain and Texas the History of Habbeh, in five volumes; were exchanged at two o'clock on Tues- as well as varieties of historical, religious, day, by the Earl of Aberdeen, Plenipoten- scientific, and poetical literature. tiary of Great Britain, and the Hon. Ash- LONDON, July 1. NEWSPAPER STAMPS bel Smith, Plenipotentiary of the republic AND ADVERTISEMENTS. From a return of Texas. These treaties are three in num- laid before the House of Commons, it apber: A treaty of amity, navigation and pears that, since the reduction of the commerce, a treaty undertaking mediation stamp duty on newspapers in 1837, the by G. Britain between the republics of number of newspapers published in the Mexico and Texas, and a treaty granting United Kingdom has been nearly doubled. reciprocal right of search for the suppres- In 1836, when the stamp was 4d. for each sion of the African slave trade. They paper, the total number of stamps issued were negotiated in 1840, and concluded was 35,576,056; and in the year ending in November of that year, by Viscount March 31, 1842, it had increased to 61,Palmerston and Gen. Jas. Hamilton. The 495,503. In the former year the amount powers to ratify the first two have been a of duty was £443,278, while in the latter considerable time in England, but their it was £253,779, showing a gradual incompletion has been very properly de- crease since 1837, when the duty was layed until the ratifications of the treaty £217.480. The number of advertisements granting the right of search could be si- in 1836 was 1,432,612, and the duty multaneously exchanged. By the treaty £103,248; while in 1841 they had inrelative to Mexico, Great Britain offers creased respectively to 1,778,957, and her mediation between Mexico and Texas £128,318. The increase in the number on the following condition: Texas to of stamps issued has taken place chiefly assume £1,000,000 sterling of the public on papers published in Great Britain, as debt of Mexico, provided that state recog- will be seen from the following returns: nizes the independence of the new re- Stamps for Irish papers in 1836, 5,144,582; public, and agrees to a satisfactory ad- in 1841, 5,986,639. English papers for justment of the boundary line between the same years, 27,777,036 and 49,674,855. the two counties. The proffered media- Scotch papers for the same years, 2,654,tion of Great Britain between Mexico and 438 and 5,388,079. Texas will, it is to be hoped, be productive of immediate peace between those countries.

THE BRUCE MANUSCRIPTS. Much interest is excited, among men of letters and oriental scholars more particularly, by the approaching sale of the above extraordinary collection, announced at auction in London. It is divided into three lots, classified as the Ethiopic MSS., the Arabic, and the Coptic. The first of these consist of twenty-five volumes, the second seventy volumes, and the third is a single MS. of seventy-six leaves of small folio of papyrus. The age of this MS. is not ascertained; but it is a gnostic work of the second century of Christianity, or the early part of the third. It was found in some ruins near Thebes, and its language, subject, and materials are equally unique. The language is the Saidic or Theban dialect of the Coptic, now obsolete, but which was that of the Pharaohs, and survived the period of the Persic and Grecian conquests. The col

Captain

THE NIGER EXPEDITION. Walters, of the ship William Canynges, arrived at Bristol, on Monday last, from Cape Coast Castle, (west coast of Africa,) which place he left on the 22d of March, brings some interesting information respecting the Niger Expedition. The following is an extract from Captain Walters' report:

"The William Canynges sailed from Cape Coast Castle on the 22d of March. At Cape Coast Castle were her Majesty's ship Madagascar and the steam-packet Wilberforce, attached to the Niger Expedition. This vessel (Wilberforce) arrived on the 20th of March from the Island of Ascension, on her way to Fernando Po, whence she was to proceed, in company with the Soudan steamer, on a second attempt to ascend the Niger. With the exception of one case of dysentery, all on board the Wilberforce were in tolerable health.

"The Wilberforce brought accounts from the Island of Ascension as late as

the way-side, a short distance off, oppo- ily. The Queen and Princesses were on site Lord Seymour's stables. In the their knees by the bedside, praying and mean time, the postilion succeeded in bathing with their tears the hands of their getting command over his horses, turned departing son and brother, so intensely the carriage round, and came to the door beloved. The Princes were speechless, of the house where the Prince was lying. and sobbing almost to suffocation. The His royal highness never recovered his King stood by, silent and motionless, senses. He was placed on a bed in a watching, with painful anxiety, every room on the ground floor, and surgical fluctuation in the countenance of his exassistance was sent for. Dr. Baumy, a piring heir. Outside the house the crowd physician in the neighborhood, was the continued every minute to increase, evfirst who came. He bled the royal suffer- ery one overwhelmed with consternaer, but this produced no good effect. The tion. The Cure of Neuilly and his clernews of the accident was conveyed to gy immediately obeyed the King's sumNeuilly. The Queen immediately set mons, and came to Sablonville. Under out on foot, and the King followed her. the influence of powerful medicaments His Majesty was to be at Paris at twelve the agony of the dying Prince was proo'clock, to hold a Council of Ministers. longed. Life withdrew but very slowly, His carriages, which were ready, soon and not without struggling powerfully overtook their Majesties, who entered against the utter destruction of so much them, with Madame Adelaide and the youthful strength. For a moment respiPrincess Clementine. They proceeded ration became more free, and the beating to the house into which the Duke of Or- of the pulse was perceptible. As the leans had been taken. He, by that time, slightest hopes are grasped at by hearts was nearly lifeless. It may be easy to torn with despair, this scene of desolation imagine, but it will be impossible for any was interrupted by a momentary calm, one to describe, the grief of their Majes- but the gleam soon passed away. At four ties and Royal Highnesses at the specta- o'clock the Prince showed the unequivocle they beheld. Dr. Pasquier, junior, cal symptoms of departing life, and in the Prince Royal's first surgeon, had just another half-hour he rendered his soul to arrived. Soon afterwards the Dukes d'- God, dying in the arms of his King and Aumale and Montpensier came from father, who, at the last moment, pressed Courbevoie and Vincennes. Dr. Pasquier his lips on the forehead of his lost child, was very soon compelled to announce hallowed by the tears of his afflicted that the case was of the most serious na- mother, and the sobs and lamentations of ture, for every symptom showed that the whole of his family. The Prince there was an effusion on the brain, and being dead, the King drew the Queen into every minute the evil seemed to increase. an adjoining room, where the Ministers A few words pronounced by the Prince and Marshals assembled, threw themin the German language gave a moment- selves at her feet, and endeavored to offer ary hope, but this as quickly vanished. her consolation. Her Majesty exclaimed, Marshal Soult, Marshal Gerard, the Min-" What a dreadful misfortune has fallen isters of Justice, Foreign Affairs, the Interior, the Marine, Finances, and Public Works arrived, and were admitted into the death-bed chamber of the royal duke. The Chancellor, the Prefect of Police, Generals Pajol and Aupick, with the officers of the households of their Majesties and Princes, hastened to the spot, and remained outside the house in a space kept clear by sentinels stationed around. At two o'clock, as the case became more and more desperate, the King sent for the Duchess de Nemours, who had remained at Neuilly. She came, attended by her ladies in waiting. No pen can paint the afflicting scene presented by the chamber when the Duchess de Nemours came, and added her tears to the rest of the fam

upon our family, but how much greater is it for France!" Her voice was then stopped by her sobs and tears. The King, seeing Marshal Gerard absorbed in grief, took his hand, pressed it with an expression showing his sense of his bereavement, but, at the same time, a firmness and magnanimity truly royal. The mortal remains of the Prince were placed on a litter covered with a white sheet. The Queen refused to get into the carriage, declaring her resolution to follow the corpse of her son to the chapel at Neuilly, where she wished it to be carried. Consequently, a company of the 17th Light Infantry was hastily marched down from Courbevoie to line the procession on each side, and thus those brave men