the hearth or camboose, and to draw out from between the cooking boilers and the distilling boiler, will admit the fire to draw under the distilling boiler, which boils it the most rapidly by the draught of heat which otherwise would be lost, by going out at the flue or common smoke pipe. Fifthly. The hearth or camboose and boilers, and all belonging thereto, must in capacity be proportioned to the size of the vessel, and number of people. Sixthly. On part of the top of the distilling boiler (where the sea or salt water is only introduced) is to be fitted a moveable cover, to shut stcam-tight; by the end or side of which (to cover the other part) is to be fitted a permanent cover, steam-tight, in the centre of which is to be a hole, with a collar convenient for fitting on (steam-tight, permanent or moveable) a pewter (or other proper material) still head, into which the steam rises and passes along a pipe, tube or worm (to be made for that purpose) into a refrigerating or condensing vessel, to be made square, oblong, or round, or of any other convenient shape, to fit apertures in any convenient place. In this refrigerating or condensing vessel is to be fitted a worm, pipe or tube, which is to wind or turn therein, along which the steam must pass; and where, by the effect of cold sea water, with which the refrigerating or condensing vessel is to be filled, the steam is condensed, and the fresh water flows out of the lower end of the worm (outside of the condensing vessel) into a reservoir placed underneath for the reception of fresh water. Seventhly. On the top of one or more of the cooking boilers is also to be fitted covers, still-head, and pipe, tube or worm, to communicate with a separate worm, VOL. XI. SECOND SERIES. Ggg pipe pipe or tube, to be fitted in the same refrigerating or condensing vessel, along which the steam must pass and condense, and the fresh water flow out of the lower end of the said worm into a separate reservoir, all to be made and to operate exactly in the same manner as is mentioned in the making and operation of the still-boiler, covers, head, pipe, tube or worm, and the steam condensed by the same means in the refrigerating or condensing vessel, as before mentioned, with this addition (that is to say) in the centre of the moveable cover of one or more of the cooking boilers is to be a hole, in which is to be fitted a steam kettle, for cooking with steam when necessary. Eighthly. In the cover or top of the refrigera'ing or condensing vessel is to be a hole to admit a steam-kettle, of sufficient size for cooking with steam when necessary; the steam to be let into the said kettle by a pipe or tube leading from the head-pipe or tube, fitted to the cookingboiler, and the steam to pass out of the said kettle into a pipe or tube fitted thereto, and leading directly into the same worm, fitted in the refrigerating vessel. In this vessel is to be fitted a hand-pump, or any other conveniency, for the purpose of throwing out, or drawing off, the water when it becomes hot, so as to admit cold seawater for condensing the evaporation as before mentioned. I the said John Lamb do hereby farther declare, that from frequent experiments since the first day of January, 1803, in the operation of the aforesaid machine or machinery at sea and on land, the great utility consisteth in confining the whole of the heat, arising from the fuel consumed, to the purposes of cooking, as also to extract fresh water from salt water for the ship's use; the con sumption sumption of fuel will be lessened, and a greater effect produced than in the usual mode. Whether the condensation be in a vessel of the kind or shape above mentioned, or by passing along in pipes or tubes, in trunks filled with cold sea water, or in part under the surface of the sea, I consider it as my improvement or invention, and on the principles I have here adopted. In witness whereof, &c. Specification of the Patent granted to ROBERT Bowman, of Leith, in Scotland, Manufacturer; for the Means of making Hats, Caps, and Bonnets, for Men and Women, of Whalebone; Harps, for harping or cleansing Corn or Grain; and also the Bottoms of Sieves and Riddles; and Girths for Horses; and also Cloth for webbing, fit for making into Hats, Caps, &c.; and for the Backs and Seats of Chairs, Sofas, Gigs, and other similar Carriages and Things; and for the Bottoms of Beds; and also Whalebone Reeds for Weavers, &c. Dated October 30, 1807. To all to whom these presents shall come, &c. Now KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1 the said Robert Bowman do hereby declare, that my said invention is described as follows; that is to say the process of making hats, caps, and bonnets of whalebone, for men and women, consists of making the whalebone soft and flexible, by means of heat, which may be duced either by steam, furnace, immersion in boiling water, or in any way the workman may find most convenient. And whilst the whalebone is in that state it is to be cut into such breadthis as may be necessary and Ggg 2 pro proper proper for the purposes for which it is to be used. For example; in making hats for military men, or other persons, the breadth of the whalebone should be such, that one breadth may answer for the sides, one for the crown, and one or more pieces for the brim. These, after being rasped, filed and scraped, are brought into the form required, while the whalebone is in a soft and flexible 'state, by working them on a block of the exact shape or form wanted; and observe, either the block or the whalebone must be warm before it be attempted to put the hat or other thing into the form wanted. When the whalebone becomes cold it will retain the shape it received from the block; which last may either consist of wood, metal, or any other proper material. The joinings of the pieces of whalebone are to be fastened either by sewing, or by applying an adhesive gum or cement, or by soldering with parts of itself, as is done in manufacturing articles of tortoiseshell. The adhesive gum or gluten is made by immersing picked isinglass into strong ardent spirits, and applying heat until it is dissolved, and rendered into a proper consistency fit for use, when it is afterwards applied to the joinings while warm; and which gum or gluten, when in a cold state, is not soluble in cold water. Indeed, any other strong adhesive quality may be used and applied as above. The soldering the joints of whalebone, like the joinings of tortoiseshell, is performed by having the edges fresh rasped, and placing between the joints part of these raspings, and afterwards applying a hot iron to both the inside and outside of the joints; but the heat of the iron must be such as will cause the raspings to run or melt into a pulp. When that takes place the joinings must be pressed together, and kept in that position till the whole is completely cold. The The work may after this be polished and finished off with The process of manufacturing hats, caps, and bonnets, similar to those made of straw and of chip, commonly called Leghorn hats, &c. consists in separating the whalebone, while in its soft and flexible state, produced by heat as before described, into such breadths as may be wished to have the plaiting in fineness. The splits are varied accordingly, as may be judged necessary to suit a fine or coarse plaiting or webbing; previous to which the splits are to be reduced to a certain thinness and breadth, either by means of a knife by the hand, or by the aid of machinery, as may be deemed most prudent and convenient. They are then to be plaited into a plaiting or webbing (as straw or chip are plaited or woven while either in a cold or hot state), which plaiting or webbing is to be stitched or sewed up into the form of hats, caps or bonnets for men or women; to accomplish which, the sante process is to be pursued as is usual in the manufacturing straw, chip or Leghorn hats, caps, bonnets, &c. by sewing, or otherwise forming it; after which they may be dyed, stained, or varnished, so as 1 |