Marazion enjoys a peculiar degree of salubrity from its situation at the 17

foot of a hill on St Michael's Bay, by which it is completely sheltered from cold winds. At a short distance is St Michael's Mount, an isolated rocky promontory, which, together with the tower of the chapel erected on its summit, rises to the height of 250 feet above the level of the sea. The view from the

top is inexpressibly grand.

St Michael's Mount is the property of the St Aubyn family, who have made considerable improve

ments on it. Here Lady Catherine Gordon, wife of Perkin Warbeck, took refuge; and many families secured themselves during the rebellion ofthe Cornish, in the reign of Edward VI. The population of the town is 1683.

11

Mawgan, is Trels warren,

Sir R. R. Vyvyan, Bart.

Chywoon.

1054

Roost.

106

Acton Castle, Captain Praed.

Penzance is the most westerly town in England. It enjoys a very mild atmosphere, and the soil around is extremely fertile. It carries on a considerable trade in the exportation of tin and pilchards. The new market house, the geological museum, and the baths, are its most handsome edifices. In its vicinity are several natural curiosities, such as Logan Rock, Lamorna Cave, and Lanyon Quoit. At the distance of five miles is a Druidical circle, called the Merry Maidens. The pop. of Penzance is 8578. The town stands in the parish of Madern, of which the late Sir Humphrey Davy was a native.

a promontory at the western extremity of the English coast. About a mile from the promontory are a number of rocks, called the Long Ships. On the largest of these is erected a light-house, 112 feet above the level of the sea.

WALES.

XL.-TOUR FROM BRISTOL ALONG THE COAST OF WALES THROUGH NEWPORT, CARDIFF, SWANSEA, CAERMARTHEN, PEMBROKE, HAVERFORDWEST, ST DAVID'S, CARDIGAN, ABEYSTWITH, &c.

The tourist having crossed the Severn by the new passsage will find no place

* Eight miles from Penzance is the populous fishing town of St Ives. Its harbour is defended by a pier, erected by the celebrated engineer, Smeaton, and is capable of accommodating 200 vessels. The town depends chiefly on the coast trade and pilchard fishery. One M. P. Pop. 5666. Tregonna Castle, the seat of Mr Stephens, occupies a lofty eminence not far from the town, and commands a noble prospect.

worthy of notice till his arrival at Caerwent. Its ruins indicate its former extent and magnificence under the Romans, but it has now dwindled into a village. On the left is Llanwern, the mansion of Sir C. J. Salsbury, commanding an extensive view. Near the 13th mile-stone is the neat village of Christchurch, with its white-washed cottages. At a short distance to the right is Caerleon, a city of great antiquity, situated on the river Usk. The walls are in some places 14 feet high and 12 feet broad, and the shape of the city seems to have been that of an oblong square, three sides straight and the fourth curved. There is ample scope for the researches of the antiquary, and the numerous coins found here have enriched the cabinets of the curious. In this neighbourhood there are many Roman encampments. Two miles from Caerleon is Llantarnam House, once a seat of a considerable branch of the Morgan family. The site of this structure was a rich Cistertian Abbey of six monks. Some traces of the ancient fabric still remain. Between Caerleon and Newport is St Julian's, once the residence of Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Part of it has been converted into a farm-house, but other parts remain in their original state. Near it is an old barn which once formed part of St Julian's Abbey. Further on is Newport Castle, built apparently for the defence of the river, which is commanded by three strong towers, Close to Newport a stone bridge, consisting of five arches, has been thrown over the Usk, at an expense of L.10,165. The town itself presents little that is interesting to the traveller, excepting a church exhibiting architecture of various ages. The church-yard commands an extensive view of the surrounding country-the Severn and Bristol Channel. It is a sea-port and a place of considerable trade, chiefly in iron and coal. Its prosperity has greatly increased of late years. By means of canals and railways, Newport communicates with various parts of South Wales, while boats and sloops, besides two steam-packets, daily sail between that town and Bristol. The road from Newport passes Tredegar House, with its extensive and well-planned grounds and noble trees,-the property of Sir C. Morgan; next the villages of Pediston and St Melons, where the upper and lower roads from Newport to Cardiff unite. Here there is a small encampment surrounded by a deep trench. Three miles from St Melons is Rumney Church, an edifice not less than 180 feet from the chancel to the tower, which is ornamented with battlements and Gothic pinnacles. Having crossed the river Rumney, which separates England from Wales, the tourist enters CARDIFF, the capital of Glamorganshire. It is a well-built sea-port and borough town, at the mouth of the river Taff, over which there is a bridge consisting of five arches. The castle is a fabric of antiquity, but the smooth shaven lawn and modern improvements seem incongruous with the appearance of the ruins. The keep, which is still very perfect, is of an octagonal shape. From the mound enclosed by it, and also from the ramparts, charming views of the surrounding country are obtained. In the castle are several excellent portraits. In a dungeon of the tower near the entrance, Robert Duke of Normandy was confined twenty-six years, after he had been deprived of his sight and inheritance by his younger brother, Henry I. The place of his confinement is still pointed out.

It is 13 feet square, with a small crevice in the top, 14 feet long, and three inches broad, to admit air. The castle belongs to the Marquis of Bute. The tower of the church is extremely elegant, but there is nothing in the inside, worthy of notice. In this town, Robert Earl of Gloucester founded a priory of White Friars and another of Black. Only the shell of the former remains, while the latter is inhabited by fishermen. By means of a canal, iron is brought from the works at Merthyr Tydvil, and sent to English and foreign markets, The numerous improvements in progress will soon, in all probability, increase the prosperity of Cardiff. Wilson the painter was a native of this town. About two miles from Cardiff is Llandaff, now only an inconsiderable village. The only object deserving attention is the ancient cathedral, the remains of which are very beautiful. Within these ruins a new church has been erected in very bad taste. The Bishop's palace was destroyed by Owen Glendower in the reign of Henry IV. Resuming the route-6 miles from Cardiffare the village and church of St Nicholas; here a road on the left leads to Dyffryn House, (Hon. Wm. Booth Gray.) About half-way between these two places are some ancient monuments, supposed to be Druidic. The largest of these is supported by five stones, forming a room 16 feet long, 15 feet wide, and from 4 to 6 feet high, and open toward the south. At the east side are three stones closely set together. The contents of the largest are 324 square feet. Near Dyffryn House there is another cromleche, but of dimensions inferior to the former. It is supposed to have received its present name from the Christians, having in contempt converted it into a dog kennel. On regaining the turnpike the beautiful and picturesque grounds of Cotteril (Miss Gynnett) next attract attention. Near the gate grows a magnificent Wych-elm, one of the largest in the kingdom. Llantrithyd Park in ruins, the elegant domain of Sir T. D. Aubrey, Bart., abounds in romantic spots. The house is supposed to have been built in the time of Henry VI. The windows are very large, one of them being twelve feet square. The road now enters a down, and a fine prospect opens to view. The town of Cowbridge,―at the bottom Llanblecddian, with its hill, church, and castle beyond, and the boldly situated Castell Pentline, form a scene of grandeur much admired by travellers. COWBRIDGE, or Port-vaen, is a neat borough and market-town, divided by the river Ddau. It was formerly surrounded by walls, of which one gate, a bold Gothic structure, alone remains. The free grammar school, partly endowed by Sir Leoline Jenkins, Judge of the Admiralty in the reign of Charles II., is in considerable repute. The chapel, which contains several handsome monuments, is singularly constructed, and at a distance appears like an embattled fortress. In a field near it are a large tumulus, and the remains of a Druidic temple. Cowbridge unites with Cardiff and Llantrissant in returning a member to Parliament. At a short distance north-east from Cowbridge is Aberthin, a neat rural village, and near it a large elm tree, which measures 28 feet in circumference. It is hollow, with an entrance like a Gothic doorway, and capable of containing thirtysix full-grown persons. The route from Cowbridge to Neath frequently passes through rich pastures and meadows, adorned with plantations and villas, ham

lets, and villages, none of which deserve particular notice. About 6 miles from Cowbridge is Bridgend, a small irregular town on the river Ogmore. The hamlet of Old castle stands on one side of the town, and Newcastle on the other. One of the bridges over the river is an elegant structure. The church-yard affords a fine prospect of the surrounding country. Five miles to the south is Ewenny Priory, (Col. Turberville,) the most perfect specimen of the ancient monastery now extant. Its embattled walls and towers seem to have been intended for defence rather than for devotion. The church is of a cruciform shape, very massive, and in the Norman style of architecture. Onwards" the mighty hill of Margam" presents a grand appearance. It is 1099 feet high, and covered from base to summit with magnificent oak trees, the value of which has been estimated at L. 60,000. It is the property of the Talbot family, whose elegant residence, Margam Park, stands at the foot of Penrice Castle. Here is a remarkably fine orangery, which is said to have originated in a shipwreck. The vessel was conveying from Portugal to Queen Mary a present of orange and lemon trees, and being stranded, the cargo became the property of Lord Mansel. Thomas Mansel Talbot, Esq., in 1787, built for their reception a superb green-house, 327 feet in length, with a handsome palladium front, adorned with statues, vases, and other antique curiosities. In the pleasure ground adjoining is a bay tree, upwards of 60 feet high, and supposed to be the largest in the world. A little further is the village of Margam, delightfully situated at the verge of the above-mentioned forest, and abounding in monastic antiquities. Here are some very interesting ruins of an abbey, founded by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, in 1147. At the dissolution it was purchased by Sir R. Mansel, and is now the property of the Talbot family, heirs of the Mansels. While repairing the parish church in 1810 several curious remains were discovered. In the village, at the wall of one of the houses, is a curious ancient cross, and in the adjoining grounds are various monumental stones with inscriptions. On a hill, called Mynydd Dormini, are a large rude stone 14 feet high, and an entrenched Roman camp. About a mill from Margam was a convent, called Eglwyo Nunyd, or Nun's Church, now a farm-house, and near it is a Roman monument 4 feet high. This neighbourhood abounds in coal, iron ore, and limestone. At Aberavon very extensive copper works are carried on. The climate in this part of Wales is very mild. Britton Ferry, on the bank of the river Neath, is surrounded by scenery of remarkable beauty. The unoccupied mansion of the Earl of Jersey commands varied and extensive views of the river and the adjacent surrounding country. The tourist may either cross the ferry, and proceed to Swansea (5 miles), or continue the pleasing route along the bank of the Neath to the town of that name. The Neath canal, 14 miles in extent, terminates at Giant's Grave, where 60,000 tons of coal are shipped annually. Further on there is a single stone monument, called Maen Llythyrog, reckoned one of the remotest relics of antiquity. Gnoll, the castellated residence of H. Grant, Esq., situated on the summit of a hill, commands a very extensive prospect. The noble lawn, hanging woods, shady walks, and picturesque cascades are much admired. NEATH or Nedd, the Nidum of Antoninus