MILITARY EDUCATION IN PRUSSIA AND OTHER GERMAN AND EUROPEAN STATES: Parts II., III., IV., V. and VI., of Military Schools and Classes of Special Instruction in the Science and Art of War in different countries. By Henry Barnard, LL.D., late U. S. Commissioner of Education. Pages 277-518. CONTENTS. MILITARY SYSTEM AND EDUCATION IN PRUSSIA, . I. OUTLINE OF MILITARY SYSTEM,................... 1. The Standing Army,.... 2. The National Militia, or First Landwehr, 3. The Last Reserve, or Landsturm,................... II. HISTORICAL VIEW OF MILITARY EDUCATION,......................... Basis of the present System is a good General Education,..... Military Academy opened in 1765,...... Plans of Scharnhorst and Stein in 1807,........... Origin and Changes of the Division Schools,.. IL PRESENT SYSTEM OF MILITARY EDUCATION AND PROMOTION,. Classification and cost of Military Schools,....... IV. EXAMINATions-General AND PROFESSIONAL FOR A COMMISSION,..... 1. Preliminary or Ensign's Examination, Who may be Examined,..... ....... .............. Time and Mode of Examination.......... Results of Examination, how ascertained,. 2. The Second, or Officers' Examination,.. Time and Place,..... Preliminary Certificates,...................................... Mode-Oral and Written,.. Programme of Studies, on which Examination turns,..... V. MILITARY SCHOOLS FOR PREPARING OFFICERS,...... 1. The Cadet Schools, or Cadet Houses,....... Number and Classification,........... Junior Cadet House at Berlin,........ Senior Cadet House at Berlin,.... 2. The Division Schools,.. Number and Location,.... Professors-Studies-Examinations,... 3. The United Artillery and Engineers' School at Berlin,.. Admission,.... Examinations,... Studies,.... VI. THE STAFF School at Berlin,... Entrance Examination.......... Course, Method, and Subjects of Instruction, Final Examination...... Appointment to the Staff Corps, . 331 335 336 45 VII. ELENENtary MilitaRY SCHOOLS FOR NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, 1. Military Orphan-Houses,..... A. Military Orphan-House at Potsdam,... B. Military Orphan-House at Annaburg,.. 2. The School Division, or Non-Commissioned Officers' School,. 3. Regimental Schools,. 4. The Noble-School at Liegnitz,....... ................. III. GENERAL REMARKS ON THE SYSTEM OF MILITARY EDUCATION IN PRUSSIA,............. 348 APPENDIX,.................... THE ARTILLERY AND ENGINEERS' SCHOOL AT BERLIN,... 351 351 1. Artillery,..... 367 Preliminary Instruction:-a. Mathematics; b. Physics; c. Chemistry; d. Tac ....... 2. Gunpowder, 3. Cannon, 4. Gun-Carriages, . 5. Military Combustibles,.. 6. Movement of Cannon,.. 7. Firing...... 8. Small and Side-Arms, B. Second Cœtus,..... 1. Organization of Artillery,. 2. Use in the field,.. 3. Use in the Siege,.... a. For Attack; b. For Defense,. C. Third Cœtus,...... 1. Organization of Artillery Service,.. 2. Artillery regarded as an Arm,....... 3. Artillery in Technical and Administrative point of view,.. 4. Progress and Literature of Artillery,..... D. General Distribution of Time for each Cœtus,... 2 GENERAL AND SPECIAL ENGINEERING IN THE FIRST AND SECOND CETUS,.... 373 A. First Cœtus,....... a. In Field Fortification; b. in Permanent Fortification,......... B. Second Cœtus...... The Applied Arts in Attack and Defense, &c., 3. EXCLUSIVE ENGINEERING in the Third Cœtus,.. 1. Application of Rules to Regular Fortresses,.. 2. Theory of Constructions, Materials, Modes of Building,. 4. HYDRAULIC CONSTRUCTION IN THE THIRD CETUS,.. 1. General Principles of Hydraulic Architecture,.. 373 373 374 374 375 375 375 377 377 5. TACTICS. Construction of Cannon,... 378 378 Sections,.. A. First Cœtus-Arithmetic, Algebra, Plane Geometry, Plane Trigonometry...... El 380 392 C. Statics, Geostatics, Hydrostatics,.. n. Dynamics and Hydraulics,.... 382 2. Internal Navigation, Harbors, Bridges, &c.,. 6. MATHEMATICS,...................... 368 368 368 ..... 368 368 368 368 369 369 369 309 369 369 370 370 370 371 371 7. PRACTICAL ARTILLERY EXERCISES,. 1. First Cœtus,.... PAGE. 384 385 385 A. Visits--a. Foundry and the Boring-Machine; b. Examination of Ordnance, B. Exercises-a. Small-Arms; b. Management of Machines,......................................... 386 2. Second Cœtus,........ 386 Tracing Batteries; Placing Ordnance; Ordnance Carriages and Wagons; Sieges, 378 3. First and Second Cœtus,....... 388 389 390 ..... Proof of Powder; Artillery Practice; Laboratory,... 4. Third Cœtus,.. Visit to and practice in Workshops; Iron Foundry; Boring-Machine,........ 390 392 8. PRACTICAL EXERCISES IN FORTIFICATION,............................................................... THE WAR OR STAFF SCHOOL AT BERLIN,...................................................................................................... 395 1. Objects and Plan; 2. Instruction; 3. Professors and Students,.......................................... 397 2. General education more and more the basis of professional studies. 404 1. Changes since 1856...... 6. General management of all military education vested in a single officer......... 405 Assisted by Board of Studies and Board of Examination...... 7. The heads of each school supreme in discipline....... 8. Educational experience valued in the head of a school... Its place supplied by personal knowledge of each individual. 10. Great care bestowed on the methods of instruction...... III. AUSTRIA. MILITARY SYSTEM AND INSTRUCTION IN AUSTRIA. 1. OUTLINE OF MILITARY SYSTEM................. Mode of recruiting-period of service.... Officers-non-commissioned-commissioned.. Training-payment. II. SYSTEM OF MILITARY EDUCATION.. Center of Administration-Fourth Section of War Department.. Annual appropriations in 1856, and 1871. Imperial Institutions of Military Education.. A. Schools for non-commissioned Officers.... 1. Lower Military Houses....... 2. Upper Military Houses.... 3. School Companies and School Squadrons.. B. Schools for Officers.... 1. Cadet Institutions.. 2. Military Academies... Neustadt Academy for Infantry and Cavalry.. 3. Marine Academy... III. PECULIARITIES OF AUSrtian MilitARY EDUCATION IN 1856.. 453 447 IV. BAVARIA, SAXONY, HOLLAND, &c. MILITARY SYSTEM AND SCHOOLS IN BAVARIA. 465 467 468 468 461 471 472 471 471 475 475 476 477 478 479 481 483 483 486 489 II. MODIFICATIONS SINCE THE ESTABLISHMENt of the KingdOM OF ITALY.......... 499 SUPERIOR INSTRUCTION: Contributions to the History of the Universities of Germany, with an account of the Systems and Institutions of Superior Instruction in other countries. 912 pages. $5.50. Republished from Barnard's American Journal of Education, with additions. CONTENTS. 1. GERMAN STATES. PAGE. C. The Emperor and the Universities... INTRODUCTION....... 1. The German UNIVERSITIES. From the German of Karl von Raumer.. I. Historical... 1. Introduction. Universities of Salerno, Bologna, and Paris... 2. List of German Universities, with date of their foundation..... 3. The German Universities in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth centuries... B. The Pope and the Universities.............. D. Organization of the earliest German Universities...... a. The Four Nations. Four Faculties. Rector. Chancellor. Endowments. b. The Four Faculties....... 18 20 B. Pennalism................. 4. University of Wittenberg and its relations to the earlier Universities.. 5. History of the Customs of the Universities in the Seventeenth Century.. 6. History of the Universities in the Eighteenth Century... A. Nationalism. National Societies... B. Students' orders............. 7. History of the Universities in the Nineteenth Century.. 30 37 42 52 52 52 56 58 59 a. Establishment of the Jena Burschenschaft, July 18, 1816. Wartburg Festi val, Oct. 18, 1817............................ b. The consequences of Sand's crime. Investigations. Breaking up of the societies. Destruction of the Burschenschaft.. Vill. Substance of Tubingen Statutes for organizing a students' committee.... ..... 163 186 187 |