tage, so as to discriminate the sensation with accuracy, is under the jaw, where the sub-maxillary artery can be pressed against the bone. As the position of this artery is only known with certainty by the anatomist, it may guide the touch to direct the finger along the inside jaw, a little above the edge where it begins to incline downwards, gently pressing it against the jaw till the pulsation is felt. By doing this two or three times, any man will soon discover the exact spot where he should feel for the pulsation. In a healthy horse, the intervals should be about 40 or 45 per minute. When it exceeds this by ten or twelve pulsations, the horse is not well; but the circulation may be momentarily accelerated even to that extent, by sudden alarm; it is therefore expedient to approach the horse quietly, and to caress him for a minute or two first, if he shrinks from approach. If the pulse exceeds sixty, prompt and scientific attention is indispensably required.

THESE general rules for the treatment of a sound or weary horse are of easy application: they require nothing more than a little attention from any man of common sense. It is not so easy to advise an unskilful man how to treat an unsound horse, and yet there are general suggestions that may deserve attention even on this head, if he is so circumstanced as not to have easy access to an intelligent farrier. In London every man who keeps a horse habitually, should subscribe to the Veterinary College; for the trifling fee of two guineas annually, he is assured of having a sick or disabled horse treated with all the skill of which the present state of veterinary science admits; and he is equally certain that disease will not be prolonged to swell the length of a farrier's bill. Indeed the first point which ought to be considered, is generally the last

that ordinary farriers ever suggest to a customerwhether the horse is of sufficient value to be worth the expense of a cure. I have myself before now paid fifteen pounds for the cure of a horse that never was worth ten; but I never committed the fault a second time. I offered the man the horse in discharge of his bill, but he laughed in my face at my simplicity.

It often happens, however, that no farrier is at hand, at least none that knows more of his business than the horse itself. In such cases, all that can be done, is to observe some obvious principles, which at all events can do but little harm. If the horse betrays great pain, and especially a difficulty of breathing, copious bleeding should be resorted to without delay, and it is far better to bleed once very freely, than several times at intervals. Inflammatory action is often arrested by bleeding largely in the first instance; and when once arrested, all the distressing symptoms are speedily relieved; but so rapid is the secretion of the blood, especially in inflammatory disease, that four or five times the quantity abstracted, if taken away in several successive operations, will produce little or no effect compared with the loss of four or five quarts at one time. It may safely be assumed, that wherever acute pain is indicated, inflamma

tion obtains; and as the symptoms of pain are very unequivocal in a horse, an easy guide is thus given as to the necessity of bleeding.

If febrile symptoms appear, the same step may be taken, but not to the same extent. The symptoms of fever are not characteristic of pain, though the breathing is often affected. In a febrile affection, the horse is languid, his coat loses its even, glossy appearance, and becomes what the grooms call "staring;" the legs and feet are cold, and the appetite is gone; the bowels are usually confined, and the general look of the horse is rather what one would describe as miserable, than restless and uneasy. In such cases, I should recommend frequent, but not copious bleeding, and the bowels should be opened by purgative medicine: two drachms of aloes is a sufficient dose, to be repeated every ten or twelve hours, and if they fail to operate, a glyster would probably prove of service: the stable should be cool, and the horse kept warm by extra clothing. His legs should be well rubbed, and bandaged with flannel rollers.

Whenever the severe symptoms, whether of inflammation or fever, are subdued, anxious attention should be given to the horse's diet. Gruel and bran mashes will keep the bowels slightly relaxed, and should be continued till he shows signs of

returning appetite; but some time should be suffered to elapse, before he is indulged with his usual food.

It is no uncommon thing for the owner to abandon the case as hopeless, when he sees his horse spontaneously lying down. I believe this to be a great mistake: a horse, in great pain, will lie down and roll himself about, but I have often heard it remarked by very experienced men, that, unless to relieve himself, where the legs or feet are injured, a horse that is ill will continue standing as long as his strength will permit: it is considered a favourable sign if he lies down on the litter without being compelled by actual debility; and it follows of course, that, instead of relaxing exertion, all the remedies should be pursued more actively to save him.

In cases of recent local injury, fomentations, poultices, and local bleeding, are generally serviceable; this is particularly the case in strains of the back sinews, or accidents to the foot. It is very important in such cases to watch closely the operations of the country farrier: fomentations and even poultices are troublesome, and therefore not continued, even if first adopted; to a recent wound in shoeing, or treading on a nail, Friar's balsam may be usefully applied; but where the