Ueber die Natur und den ursprung der Emanationslehre bey den Kabbalisten, published at Riga in 1786.

Towards the end of the second century, a new sect of Platonists arose, called the Eclectics; of whom the principal were Amonius Saccas, Longinus, Herinnius, Origen, Plotinus, Jamblichus, &c.

Among the Romans, Philosophy had few cultivators: the chief of them was Seneca; the last edition of whose works was by E. Rubkof in 8vo. 1798.

State of the Fine Arts and Sciences; and first of Poetry which, as well as Oratory, felt an extraordinary decay. The only Greek poet here noticed by the author is Oppian; whose works were published in Greek and Latin by Schneider in 8vo. 1776; and the Cynogetics, revised in 4 MSS. by De Ballu, in 4to. and 8vo. 1786.-Here M. MEUSEL introduces Lucian as a prose-poet, and recommends the edition of Reitz, 4 vols. in 4to. 1743; re-published at Deux-ponts in 10 vols. 8vo. 1793-Achilles Tatius, a Christian bishop, wrote the first Romance extant called Clitophon and Leucippe, about the middle of the third century; and Heliodorus, somewhat more than a century afterward, wrote his Theagenes and Chariclea: but the best of those erotic writers was Longus, whose Daphnis and Chloe was correctly edited by Villoison in 1778.-The Anthia and Abrocomus of Xenophon of Ephesus was republished, from the old edition of Cochi, at London in 1726; and the Chereas and Callirhoe of Chariton was published by D'Arvilius at Amsterdam in 1783. All these were Greek poets or romancers.

The Latins were, Cæsar Germanicus, who translated, in a free manner, the Phenomena and Prognostica of Arætus; published by Schwartz in 1715-Phedrus, the freedman of Augustus, who put the fables of sop into elegant Iambics; the last edition by Schrabe, 1781;-Petronius Arbiter, whose Satyricon was lastly published by Gottleb, at Leipsic, in 1781;Seneca, whose Tragedies were published by Shroeder in 1794 ;Persius, whose satires, with a German version and illustrations by Fülleborn, were published at Zulichau in 1794;-Lucan, best edition by Burmann 1740*;-The Argonauts of, Val. Flaccus were in 1724 published by Burmann; and republished by Harles (cum notis variorum) in 1781;-the works of P. Statius, of which the most accurate edition is that of Veenhusen in 8vo. 1671;-Martial, best edition by Jan. Gruter, 1619; C. Silius Italicus, last edition by Ruperti, 2 vols. 8vo. 1798;-Juvenal, best edition that of Henninius, in 4to.

-

*It appears that M. MEUSEL had not seen the splendid Paris edition of Lucan.

1695;-Apuleius, best edition by Ruhnkenius, 1786;—Olym→ pius Nemesianus; whose Cynogeticum was published at London in 1699; and more latterly at the Hague among the Poets rei venationis 1728;-the eclogues of T. Julius Calpurnius were published in Wernsdorf's Minor Latin Poets;-Ausonius, best edition that of Souchay at Paris, 1730;-Claudian, best editions that of Gesner, 8vo. 1759, and that of P. Burmann in 4to. 1760.

In this same period, appeared some Arabic bards, the chief of whom was Abu Tamar; some of whose pieces, with other fragments of Asiatic poetry, have been published by Schultens, Reiske, and Sir Wm. Jones.-Here Professor MEUSEL places Ossian as an antient Caledonian Poet; whose supposed works, from McPherson's English version, have been translated into most European languages into German by Wittenberg; into Italian verse by Cesarotti: into French by Le Tourneur; and into Latin by McFarlan.

The Orators and Rhetoricians of this period were-Dio Chrysostom, best edition by Reiske, 2 vols. 8vo. 1784;—Aristides, best edition that of Jebb in 4to. 1722;-Maximus Tyrius, best edition by Reiske, 2 vols. 8vo. 1774;-Philostratus the elder, and Philostratus the younger, best edition by Olearius in folio, 1709-Athenæus, best edition by Schaefer, Svo. 1789.;- Libanius, best edition by Reiske, 1797 ;-Julian, best edition that of Heusinger at Erlangen, 4to. 1785;-Himerius, best edition by Wernsdorf, 1790;-Themistius Euphrades, best edition of his Orations by Petavius and Hardouin, 1684.-Hermogenes, Longinus, Alciphron, Aphthonius, Theon, Aristenetus, Demetrius Phalereus, the younger Pliny, Seneca, Quintilian, and Symmachus, were rather Rhetoricians than Orators.

On Statistics, M. MEUSEL gives the names of only three writers; Columella, Emilianus, and Apicius.

In the knowlege of Natural History, the following were most renowned; Apollonius Discolas of Alexandria, Phlegon, Elian, and Seneca.

Medical Science was supported by Galen, Themison, Soranus, and Cælius Aurelianus.- Rufus of Ephesus and Morinnus wrote on Anatomy.-On the Materia Medica, Menecrates, Damocrates, Philo of Tarsus, Pharmacion, Scribonius Largus, Andromachus, who invented the Theriaca; and, above all, Dioscorides best edition by Sarraceni, at Francfort, folio, 1598.

Towards the end of the first year of this period, a division took place among the physicians, which gave rise to two sects, the Pneumatists, and the Eclectics. Of the former, the most renowned was Athenaeus, a Cilician, who practised with cele

brity at Rome of the latter, Agathias of Sparta, and Archegenes of Apamea, who practised at Rome in the reign of Trajan. At the same time, Aristæus seems to have flourished; who was the most exact observer, after Hippocrates, of all the antient physicians. He wrote in Greek.

The principal Jurists of this period were Antistius Labeo, Sempronius Proculus, Ateius Capito Masurius Sabinus, and, Salvius Julianus; which last made a collection of the preceding Prætorial Edicts, under the title of Edictum perpetuum; first published at Paris in 1597. It became a text-book to future Jurists, who commented on it; of whom the most remarkable were Sextus Pomponius, Emilius Papinianus, Ulpian, Julius Paulus, and Herennius Modestinus. The fragments of these may be seen in Labitt's Index Legum omnium quæ in Pandectis continentur, published at Paris in 1557.

Under Constantine the Great, Gregorius collected the Csarean Rescripts from Hadrian to Dioclesian: this collection, is called Codex Gregorianus, and was published in Schultens's Jurisprudentia Ant. Justitia.-It was followed by Codex Hermogeni anus; which is a supplement to the Codex Gregorianus. See Pohl-De Codicibus Greg. et Herm. published at Leipsic 1774

State of Theology. The growing influence of Christianity gave a new turn to this branch of knowlege. The great founder of this religion left no writings himself: his pretended letter to Abgarus being an evident forgery. The most antient historical Christian writers are the four Evangelists; and the other sacred writers are James, Peter, Paul, Jude, and John. Towards the end of the first year of this period, their writings had been collected, and were now in the hands of most Christians. This collection was called the New Testament, or Covenant the last edition of which is that of Griesbach, first published in 1777, and lately re-published with great improve

ments.

On the progress of the Christian religion, these books, as well as the books of what was then called the Old Testament, were translated into various languages, and di:fused all over the Roman empire. The Christian writers, commonly called the Church-fathers, who wrote in this period, were JustinMartyr, best edition by Maran, Paris, 1742;-frenæus, best edition by Massuet, Paris, 1710;-Clement of Alexandria, best. edition by Potter, Oxon. 1715; Athanagoras, best edition by Maran, with the works of Justin ;-Origen, best edition by De la Rue, Paris, 1759;-Athanasius, best edition by Mont. faucon; re-printed with improvements and an additional volume at Padua in 1774, 4 vols. folio;-Basil, best edicion by Garnier, Paris, 1730;-Gregory of Nazianzen, best edition

by Billius, Paris, 1630. (A new edition was planned, and partly executed, by the benedictines of St. Maur, Ist vol. pubJished at Paris, 1778.)-John Chrysostom, best edition by Montfaucon, 13 vols. folio: re-printed at Venice in 1780 in 14 vols. All these were Greeks. - The Latin Fathers wereTertullian, best edition by Semler, 6 vols. 8vo. 1776;—Minucius Felix, best edition by Lindner, 8vo. 1760;-Cyprian, best edition by Maran, Paris, 1726-Arnobius, best edition by Heraldus, Leyden, 4to. 1651;-Lactantius, called the Christian Cicero, best edition by Du Fresnoy, Paris, 2 vols. 4to. 1757.-Ambrose, best edition by the Paris Benedictines, 2 vols. folio, 1690;-Austin, best edition also by the Paris Benedictines, II vols. folio, 1700;-Jerom, the most learned of all the Fathers, best edition also by the Paris Benedictines, 5 vols. folio, 1706.

The author reserves for Eusebius of Cæsarea a distinguished place in his list, and gives a particular account of all his writings of which it is much to be lamented that no complete edition has yet been published.-Here ends M. MEUSEL'S Third Period. The remaining periods we reserve for an

:

other Article.

[To be continued.]

ART. XIX. Hygrologie, ou Exposé Chimico-physiologique, &c. i. e. Hygrology, or a Chemico-physiological Explanation of the Fluids contained in the Human Body. By JOSEPH JAMES PLENCK. Translated from the Latin by Felix Pitt, Student of Medicine. 8vo. pp. 170. Paris. 1800. Imported by Dulau and Co. -London. Price 3s.

A s we have already given some account of the English translation of this work, by Dr. Hooper, we have only to announce this French Version, and to say that it is well performed. Translations of Plenck's other works are promised by Mr. Pitt. The bearer of a name so inauspicious in France must have had peculiar good fortune in escaping proscription.

An accident having interrupted the continuation of our account of the Memoirs of the National Institute, at Paris, we propose to renew it in an early number of the Review.

* M. R. New Series, Vol. xxx. p. 232.

To the REMARKABLE PASSAGES in this Volume. N. B. To find any particular Book, or Pamphlet, see the Table of Contents, prefixed to the Volume.

Bagdad, description of that large

and populous city, 91. Baillie, Dr. remarkable case of diabetes, 78.-On a remarkable bowel case, 82.

Alkali, fixed, a new one discover- Balancing. See Prony.