WG. Ŏ with lengthening (EB. 101); Sievers regards the ō as WG. (Gram. 60, anm.).

Final wō appears as u in hu 24. 6, huu 15. 17, tuu 10. 17, and in the compound hulic 7. 39, hulco I 9. 3 (S. 60, anm.; 172, anm.; EB. 102; 464).

Loan-words: or 19. 13, brydlopum 20. 34 (where o represents ON. au; cf. S. 26, anm.; Kl., PG., p. 932; also Björkman, Scand. Loan-Words, p. 71, note; Fü. 9), stol 15. 22, stolum 20. 46 (Pog. 150; S., Ags. Voc., p. 13), non 23. 44.

WG. ō is changed to œ, ē, by i-umlaut, § 25.

ū.

§ 10. WG. u appears as ū in: brucco 22. 11, brucað 14. 15 (pres. of st. vb. Cl. II, explained as aorist pres. by Osthoff, PBB. 8. 282; cf. Kl., PG. § 161, p. 430), londbuend I 3. 8, neheburas 1. 58, buta 2. 26, drugi I 5. 4 (besides drygi 23. 31; cf. § 26), fordrugade 8. 6, adune 19. 6, hús 13. 35, rúmmód 6. 35, scua 1. 79, lehtune 13. 19, feltune 14 35, dusendo 9. 14, uta 14. 35.

ū is changed to ý by i-umlaut, § 26.

CHAPTER III. DIPHTHONGS

ai.

§ 11. WG. ai appears as a: in the 1 and 3 sing. pret. ind. of st. vbs. Cl. I: fordraf I 4. 16, forgrap 5. 6, æthran 10. 11, gehran 5. 13, aras I 4. 6, arás 4. 39, astág 19. 4, besuác 19. 8, aurat I 2. 6; in the pret. pres. wát 16. 15, aga 18. 18, ah 18. 12. Other examples: agnaged 12. 15, án 23. 29, ana 8. 50, adlo 21. 11, ár I 4. 13, áð 1. 73, báno 24. 39, basnung 21. 26, basnend 23. 35, cildclaðum 2. 12, facen 20. 23, famæ 9. 39, gastes 4. 14, grapað 24. 39, hal 8. 30, ham 15. 6, hát I 11. 14, gehaten I 3. 13, hlaf 4. 3, hlaferd 16. 8, lar 4. 32, forelatuu 22. 26, lað 21. 17, laað

16. 15, gelahte 9. 47, mara 12. 28, rahton 22. 53, sado 21. 35, sawel 12. 29, stanes 22. 41, suat 22. 24, tahte I 2. 14, tanas 23. 34, tacon 2. 12, da 19. 34, dara 13. 31. wag (hræl) 23. 45, wrað 14. 21.

agnettum 19. 23 may belong here (Lind.2 75, anm. 1). For the a in geneolacað 10. 11, -laced 21. 28, cf. § 57, II.

According to S. 57, 2 (a); 62, anm.; Kal. 59, anm.; 60a; the following also belong here: oncnawanne I 7. 20, oncnawen 8. 17, sawed 8. 5, sawenne 8. 5, gesaudes 19. 22. Others consider this a=WG. a (§ 6): cf. EB. 129; Braune, Got. Gr. 22; Lea 40; Fü. 6; Fo. 6; also KL, PG., pp. 432, 407.

In a few words ō appears instead of a: noht 5. 5, 10. 19, &c., no 20. 22, ohtrippe 10. 2 (?).

ē for a occurs in we 11. 47; æ in wæ 10. 13, 11. 42, &c. (Lea 43, 5); the word is classed with the Scand. loanwords in Kl., PG., p. 935; Bjorkman, p. 39, considers it 'dubiously Scandinavian.'

Loan-words: caseras 13. 13, caseres 20. 24, caseri 20. 22, casering I 8. 16 (besides cæseres I 10. 8, cæsering I 8. 16, Pog. 199; also cessares 2. 1, cf. § 27). In magist' 6. 40, ā corresponds to Lat. ă, cf. S., Ags. Voc., p. 12; EB. 101, anm. 3.

For sacerd, sacerdhad, cf. § 1, II (b).

a is affected by i-umlaut, § 27.

au.

§ 12. WG. au is represented in L. by ea, in some cases by eo; for this confusion between ea and eo in North. cf. S. 150, 3; EB. 108.

ea occurs in the 1 and 3 sing. pret. ind. of st. vbs. Cl. II: bead I 10. 19, geceas 6. 13, geceasa 14. 7, forleas 15. 9, tosceaf 1. 52; also in beam 6. 41, beanbælgum 15. 16, bear 1. 15, biobread I 11. 14, ceapigas 19. 13, dead 7. 12, deado

20. 31, deafo 7. 22, deað 2. 26, eadig I 7. 7, eare 12. 3, earum 4. 21, earlippricco 22. 50, eastres 2. 41, eastdæl 2. 1 (four times), eade 12. 58, eaðor 5. 23, eauað 3. 7, ædeaude 2. 15, eawung 8. 17, heafod 7. 46, heape 20. 37, geleafa 8. 48, hleafgewritten 16. 6, leas 18. 20, dorleaso 17. 10, reado 6. 44, fellereade 16. 19, sceauade 20. 23, sceawandum 6. 10, sceawanne 23. 48, screadungum 16. 21 (besides scraedungra 9. 17, a scribal error), seam 22. 36, smeawungas 11. 17, gesmeadon 20. 14, stream 6. 48, teancuidum 20. 11, dreatad I 6. 8, dread 6. 19; and in heannise 12. 29, heannissum 2. 4, where h has fallen before causing pal. uml. (S. 165, anm. 3; Bülb., Angl. Beibl. 9. 107; Lind.2 32; cf. also § 35).

Forms with eo: geceopad 19. 15, eoro I 8. 15 (once with eo, five times with ea), eostro 22. 1 (nine times with eo, once with ea, cf. also Lind. 34), eode 14. 8, heonisum I 4. 1, bereofadon 10. 30, gespeoftad 18. 32 (the origin of this word is, however, uncertain-whether from WG. au or eu-cf. S. 384, anm. 5; 396, 2 a, and anm. 5; Ags. Voc., p. 30; Fo. 12).

Ceaolas 9. 17 should probably be classed under WG. au. For a discussion of its origin, cf. Lea 40; Lind.2 32, anm. 2; for the o, cf. § 61, II, note 2.

OE. ea is limited in its occurrence by :(1) change to ẽ through i-umlaut, § 28;

(2) change to ẽ through palatal umlaut, § 35.

eu, iu.

§ 13. WG. eu appears as eo, ea, and in one instance io (S. 150, anm. 1; EB. 114 and anm. 1; Lind.2 37, 38).

I. eo: breost 18. 13, breosto 11. 27, cneoum 22. 41 (cneuum 5. 8, § 48), cneoreso 9. 41, 11. 29 (eo sixteen times), feortig I 4. 10 (eo five times), hreownise I 4. 7 (eo fifteen times), leof 9. 35, leof' 20. 13, leofost 3. 22, oferleor 22. 42 (cf. S., Ags. Voc., p. 34), treo 21. 29 (trewana §48), treoufæst 19. 17, treofæsto 16. 11, getreoudon 18. 9,

geðeodo 21. 24, ell eodigde 15. 13 (besides the forms with io, cf. II, below).

ea: forbeadende 23. 2, forbeada 6. 29, forbeada 9. 50, . forbeadane I 6. 11, bead 16. 21, fearfald 19. 8, hreaunise 3. 8, gehreawsadon 10. 13 (besides gehreues 17. 4, hræwende I 9. 4, cf. § 47), hreaf I 4. 19, hreafo 4. 27, hreade 7. 24, seað 14. 5, seade 6. 39, leaf 3. 22, deade I 2. 6, deað I 2. 6, deadum I. 6. 14, deadom I 10. 16, deaf 12. 33, bear 1. 15, gebearscip I 5. 2.

ea is found also in seado 12. 23, where it is from WG. iyu, cf. Goc. siujan (Fü. 13). For gespeoftad, cf. § 12. Io: bebiodo 23. 46.

The preterites of the following red. verbs with ea, eo may be classed here, though strictly products of contraction originally: oncneaun 2. 50, ondrearde 18. 2, feall 8. 5, feoll 5. 12, gefeoll 1. 12, gefeald 4. 20, feol 5. 8, geheald 18. 21.

For eode, eade, cf. § 53.

II. Gmc. eu followed by i, j, became in WG. iu, and this in North. appears as io (EB. 110, 111, 113).

The examples in Luke are: diorwyrde 7. 25, lioda S. 26, líoda 17. 11, gelioreð 21. 32 (cf. S., Ags. Voc., p. 34), geliorade I 2. 4, geliorad 21. 33, geliornises 9. 51, oferliorað 21. 23, onsione 9. 29, onsion 24. 5, stiorde I 5. 19, gestiorde I 5. 19, gestrionað 12. 21, elldiodig 17. 18 (besides ell eodigde, cf. § 13, I), geðiodsumnise I 8. 1, diofonto 18. 20, diostrana 22. 53, diostriona 11. 36.

For the io in hiogwuisc 12. 39, hiorodes 2, 13, where it is due to the vocalizing of w, cf. § 61, II.

For hriofol 5. 15, hriofle 5. 12, cf. § 29.

eo, io are changed to ē, ī by palatal umlaut, §§ 36, 38.

ei, ai.

cf.

§ 14. For the special North. diphthongs ei and ai, S. 155,3; EB. 505 and anm. 1, 2. The examples in Luke are-ei ceiged 20. 24, ceigde S. 8, and all forms of the

verb ceiga; ceiste 7. 14, heiste 1. 32, heisto 1. 35, heigsta I 11. 17 (cf. also § 76), seista 1. 26, 35, teigðas 11. 44, teigðuncgas 18. 12, fifteido I 4. 6, fiftei de 3. 1, fifteih 7.41, sexdeih 24. 13. ai: fraignende I 6. 19, gefraignas 19. 31, gefraign 8. 30, cnaihtes 18. 16 (Fü. 14).

CHAPTER IV. CHANGES IN ACCENTED VOWELS THROUGH THE INFLUENCE OF NEIGHBORING SOUNDS

Influence of Nasals.

WG. &.

§ 15. I. WG. a before nasals appears almost entirely

as 9.

Before m and m+cons.: from 22. 16 (besides fram 12. 54), huommes 20. 17, lichomes 11. 34, lombro 10. 3, noma 10. 20, somnað 3. 17, somnunges 8. 41, womb 11. 27.

Before n and n+cons.: conn 1. 34, fonn 3. 17, hona 22. 34, hond 1. 71, lond 12. 16, monigo 7. 11, mon 6. 45, ondo I 4. 18; ond- in ondeton 10. 21, ondetnise I 6. 17, ondetung I 4. 17, ondget 24. 45, &c.; stondað 9. 27, þone 1. 59 (besides dene 9. 35, dæne 4. 27), Jonne 3. 13, on 21. 31; on- in onsæcne 14. 18, onwæld 22. 25, onwriting I 10. 8, &c.; wona 11. 41, huona I 3. 15, &c.

Before a guttural nasal: hongende I 11. 18, long 20. 47, gemong 23. 56, song 15. 25, strong 15. 14, donc 6. 32, duongas 3. 16, wlone 12. 21, neresnawong 23. 43.

The vowel is retained in its original form in the second stem of st. vbs. Cl. III: geband 10. 34, unband I 9. 20, blann 7. 45, gedranc 5. 39, fand 7. 9, ingann 24. 27, agann 11. 38, gelamp S. 42, gearn I 11. 9 (with metathesis), gesang 22. 60, bewand 2. 7. The o appears in conn, cf. above.

For the a in am 1. 19, cf. S. 43, anm. 2; Fü. 15; Sweet, HES. 442.

C