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INDEX.

ABERDEEN, Lord, the public out-

stripping government, 105, note.
Absolute Rulers often favour specu
lative writers on liberty, 126, et
seq.

Absolutism, ever desirous of making
judges dependent, 184.

Absolutists, whether monarchical or
democratic, agree on unity of
power, 122.

Abstainers from voting, see Elec-
tion, &c.

Abstinents from voting, see Elec-
tion, &c.

Abuse of Pardoning, 390, et seq. See
Pardoning, abuse of. Measures
proposed to remedy it, 401, et
seq.

Acclamation, 362, 363.

Accumulative Constitutions, 131, note.
Accusatorial Trial, 56. What it is,
180.

Adams, John, on Common Law, 174.
Adams, John Quincy, on Civil Law,
175, note.

Address of British Merchants to Louis
Napoleon, 43.

Administration of Justice, self-deve-
lopment of, 176.

Administrative Judgments, 89.
Advocate, his rights, 198. Necessary
for freedom, ib. Ethics of the

advocate discussed, 199, et seq.
Grave errors, 201. What is the
advocate? ib. Licence, 203, note.
Age of large Cities, 354.

Alexander, dragging Betis around
Gaza, 173.

Alison, Sir Archibald, on Repudia-
tion, 87.

Allegiance, American and English
views, 221, and note.
American Supreme Courts decide

on unconstitutionality of laws,
122.
American Declaration of Independ-
ence, entire, 450.
American Liberty, 214. Is republican,
and opinion of sign ers of declara-

tion of independence on monarchy,
ib. Republican federalism, 215.
United States compared with Ne-
therlands, ib. Separation of Church
and State, 216, et seq. Constitution
of the United States has been called
atheistical, 216, note. No nobility,
217. Equality, ib. et seq. His-
torical progress and abstract rea-
soning, 218, et seq. Boldness and
wisdom of framers of constitution
of the United States, ib. Popular
cast of American government, 219.
Voting by ballot, ib. Erroneous
views regarding it, ib. Record of
ayes and noes, 220. Executive can-
not prorogue the legislature, ib.
Free admission of states into the
Union, and immigrants into the
states, ib. Enacted constitutions,
221.

Americans have limited the frequency
of meeting of the legislature, 145.
Amyot; early translation of Plutarch,
its influence on France, 334, note.
Ancient and Modern States compared,
29, et seq.

Ancient and Modern Liberty, 28, et
seq.

Anglican Liberty, 37, et seq. How we
ascertain it, ib. Its chronology, 38.
Why it is called thus, 39.
Anglican tribe, 11.

Anglican type of Liberty, 244.
Anti-corn-law league, 105.

Antiquity, difference between, and
modern times, 321.

Appropriations, short, for army, 99.
Short and definite, 116.
Aristotle, 30. On Psephisma and
Lesbian canon, 314.

Armenian term for liberty is self-
sovereignty or self-government, 22,
note.

Arms, right of bearing, 101.
Army, oath on the constitution, 96,
97. Must not be deliberative bo-
dies, 99. Subordinate to the legis-
lature, 94, et seq. Standing army,

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BACON'S, Lord, two political dicta,
8.

Bail, 61. Constitutional principle of
it, 51.

Barrot, Odillon, opinion on two
houses, 158.

Beaumont, de, on pardoning in the
United States, 397.

Beccaria against pardoning power,
393.

Béchard, Ferdinand, on the municipal

laws of the republics of Switzer-
land and the United States, 278,
note. He uses in his French work
the term "self-government," ib.
Bentham; Obstetrix Animarum, 155.
Tactics of legislative assemblies, ib.
note. Dr. T. Cooper's opinion on
it, ib., note. He is for judges sit-
ting in legislature, 185, et seq.
Béranger, his opinion on French
penal trial, 59.

Bicameral system, 157, et seq. See

Two Houses.

Bill of Rights, entire, 445.
Blanc, Louis, 329, note.
Body, meaning Person, 21, note.
Bonaparte, General, on unity of power,
123, note.

Bonaparte, Jerome, 353.

British Merchants' Address to Louis
Napoleon, 43.

British Minister on doubts on royal
proclamations, 179, 180.
Brougham, Lord; in his Political
Philosophy on two Houses, 160.
Against judges sitting in the Com-
mons, 186. Opinion on licence of
counsel, 199, note. Opinion on
the former Germanic empire, 317,
note.

Bunsen calls Book of Common Prayer
an institution, 257.

Burke, what party is, 119. On power,
332.

Burton's Criminal Trials, 21, note.
Butler, A. P., senator U. S., on Louis
Napoleon, 378, note.

Bye-Laws, history of the word, 280,

note. Characteristic of self-govern-
ment, 279. Lord Coke on them,
280.

CABINET Wars, 117, 118.
Cæsar, Julius, 337.
Cæsars, 335.

Cæsarean sovereignty, 336, note.
Calhoun's work on Government, 221,
note.

Capital, should it be allowed to leave
a country, 78. Sent by immigrants
to Ireland, 77, note. Brought into
the United States by German im-
migrants, ib.

Capital Cities, their influence in cen-
tralized governments, 352, et seq.
See Cities, capital.

Caroline's, Queen, trial, 309.
Carey, M., on pardoning in United
States, 396.

Caricatures, historical, 300.
Cassation, Court of, 233.

Cassel, residence of Jerome Bonaparte,
353.

Chambord, Count. His letter, 349,
note.

Censorship, stringent in England
under Presbyterian government,
75.
Centralization, 352, et seq. Influ-
ence of Paris, ib. Brilliancy of
centralism, ib. Age of large cities,
354. Their absorbing effect, ib.

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Paris and London compared, ib.
It can produce striking effects, 355.
Napoleonic ideas, 537. Mistaking
vociferous crowds for the people,
358. Louis Napoleon believed to
have saved society, 359. Socialists
feared in France, ib. Shocks extend
over the whole country, 309.
Centralism, see Centralization.
Champ-de-Mars, 303, note.
Chancellor, Lord, presiding officer of
House of Lords, 149.
Charter granted by Louis XVIII. of
France, 477. That adopted in

1830, entire, ib.
Chartists, petition of, 102, note.
Chatham, for the restriction of power
over revenue, 116, note. For
triennial parliaments, 145. Opinion
on trial by jury, 192. Said that a
certain passage in Magna Charta
was worth all the classics, 228. On
unlimited power, 332.
Chevalier, M., 357.

Christian Politics, by Sewell, 257,
note.

Christianity, influences politics, 34.
Conservative and revolutionary,

302.

Cicero, definition of liberty, 13. On
government, 30. Against pardon-
ing power, 393.

Circuitous Elections in the middle
ages, 142.

Cities, Capital. Their influence in
centralized governments, 352, et
seq. Age of large cities, 354.
Cities of absorbing character belong
to low periods, 354.

City-States of antiquity, 32, 134, et
seq.

Civil Law, its effect on modern na-
tions, 168, 175, note.
Civil Liberty. Importance of the sub-
ject in the present period, 1, et seq.
Parliamentary, sneered at, 2. No
boon of government, 3. Definitions
of, 7, et seq. What is generally
meant, 8. Every one desires liberty,
9. Is the noblest human work, 10.
Distinction between freemen and
non-slaves, 11. Definition of Roman
lawyers, ib. Definition by Dr.
Price, 12. Cicero's definition, 13.
Greek idea of liberty, ib. Defini-
tion in French Political Dictionary,
14. Definition by Tittman, 15.
The rule of the majority, ib.
Responsibility of rulers to the
ruled, ib. Montesquieu's definition,
16. Paley's definition, 18. What
it really consists in, 20, et seq.

In

Consists in guarantees, 24-26.
Different systems of liberty, 24.
Liberty taken for republic, 13 and
27. Ancient liberty, 28, et seq.
Anglican liberty, see this term.
Individual or personal liberty, 43.
Bail, Penal Trial, Communion, Lo-
comotion, Emigration, Liberty of
Conscience, Property, Supremacy
of the Law, Petition, Association,
&c., see under these heads.
what it consists, proved by con-
traries, 222, et seq. The student
of political philosophy ought to
compare modern and ancient
liberty, and liberty with Asiatic
politics, 223. Charles II. and
James II. hostile to free com-
munion, so Louis Napoleon, 225.
Absolutists want perfect control
over public funds, ib. Absolu-
tists want the army independent of
the legislature, ib. Absolutists do
not want the law to be supreme,
227. Absolutists abhor division of
power, ib. They are hostile to
self-government (Robespierre), 228.
They are against lawful courts,
ib. They arrogate right of de-
portation, ib. Chatham said that
a certain passage in Magna Charta
was worth all the classics, 228.
All despots disrelish publicity, 229.
Despots do not allow the initiative
to legislature, 230. Absolutists
separate government from people,
ib. They are against trial by
jury, 230. They are hostile to fair
and regular trials for treason, ib.
Declaration of Independence an
index of most of the important
guarantees of liberty, 231. Will it
spread, or are only few nations fit
for it? 245, et seq. See Institu-
tion. Liberty requires union, 296.
Many changes in England and
United States, yet conservative,
302. Fêtes on the Champ-de-Mars,
303, note. Spirit of conquest.
Navy not dangerous to it, 95.
Civil List, British, history of, 116.
Claqueurs, 367.
Clepsydra, 111, note.
Clubs, French, 103.
Codification, 170.

Coffee-Houses interfered with by
Charles II. and James II., 225.
Coke, Sir Edmund, quoted, 280.
Collard, Royer, dictum on unre-
strained sovereignty of people,
236.

Colonization society, 104.

Common Law, 166, et seq. Living
like a common living language, 168.
Interpretation, 169. Codification,
170. Precedent, 172. Liberty
stands in need of it, ib. Absurdity
of executive precedents, 173. Con-
tinental jurists on civil and com-
mon law, 174. John Adams on com-
mon law, ib. John Quincy Adams
on it, 175, note. See Story, Codifi-
cation, Interpretation, John Adams,
John Quincy Adams, Locke, Civil
Law, and Pius IV. Assimilative
power of common law, 175.
Communion, Liberty of, 71, et seq.
Primordial right, ib. Especially
pointed out by the constitution of
the United States, 72. In England
by common law, 73.

Communism, what it is, 85, note.
Conciliation, Courts of, 235.
Conclamatory character of middle
ages, 363.

Confederation, Articles of, see Articles
of Confederation.

Confession in inquisitorial trial, 409.
Confiscation, 84, also French charter
in Appendix.
Conflicting laws, 132.

Conquest, spirit of, ruinous to liberty,

311.

Conscience, Liberty of, 80, et seq.
American constitutions regulating
it, 80. Great necessity at present,

82.
Conscientia, De, by Sanderson, see
Sanderson.

Constitution. Great number of con-
stitutions in modern times, 1.
Constitution of the U. S. entire, 464.
The present imperial of France, 500.
Of the French republic of 1848,
entire, 486.

Constitutions, written or enacted and
accumulative, 131, note.
Constitutions. Their importance de-
pends on institutions, 299. Classi-
fication of them, 500, et seq.
Contrat Social, 333, see Rousseau.
Co-operative government, Gallican

aversion to it, 243, note.
Corday, Charlotte, 334, note.
Corruption of Blood in England, 84.
Abolition by A merican constitution,
ib.

Counsel, see Advocate.

Country, the name of a French paper.

Opinion of the editor, 371, note.
Coup d'Etat, vote on it in France, 387.
Court of Cassation, 233.

Courts of Conciliation, 235.

Courts of Justice separated from ad-

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Daru, History of Venice, 143, note.
Declaration of Independence, an index
of most of the guarantees of liberty,
231.
Declaration of Rights, or Bill of Rights,
entire, 445.

Declaration of Independence of the
United States, entire, 450.
Defence, in inquisitorial trial, 410.
Demagogues, 298.

Democracy, absolute, 328.

Democratic and Social Republic, 238.
Democratic Equality, often avowed by
imperatorial sovereign, 350.
Demosthenes mentions pardoning
power of Athenian democracy, 392.
Deportation, right of, arrogated by
despots, 228.

Deputative Government in middle
ages, 133, et seq.

Despotism, Daniel Webster on it, 124,
et seq. Its longevity, 124, note. Its
helplessness, 127, note.

Despots divest themselves of pardon-
ing power, 391, et seq.

De Witt, Netherlandish citizen, 331.
Dictators, generally rise by popular
power, 331.

Diefenbach, Comparative Dictionary
of the Gothic language, &c., 22,

note.

Direct Elections, 141, and Paper on
Elections in Appendix.
Disqualifications, difficulty of remov-
ing them in free countries, 83.
Diversity of men not so great as uni-
formity, 249, et seq.

Division of power, Madison on it, 123.
Rousseau against it, 122. Unity of
power, Gallican type, 122, et seq.
Monarchs hostile to it, ib. French

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