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Foreign Literary Gazette. have been deemed obscure and uninterest

AMERICA: UNITED STATES.

The American Press has distinguished the LITERARY PANORAMA, by reprinting its Numbers, verbatim, beginning with that of April last. The price is Six Dollars per annum or Three Dollars per volume. The execution of the work is very respectable, both as to paper and type. We cannot but feel the compliment paid to our labours, by this repetition of them in a distant country Conscious to ourselves that no sentiments are admitted but what are justified by sound wisdom and morals, we take a pleasure in thinking, that these sentiments have met with friends abroad, and are sufficiently prevalent to warrant this adventure. May they become universally popular! and may America reap the benefit in a long course of peace, prosperity, and gratitude!

AUSTRIA.

German Literature versus French Critics.

been visited by travellers, and therefore ing, are at length become objects of attention to the literati. Prince Lichnowsky, at Vienna, announces the publication of a Monuments of the middle ages, which exist in Series of Engravings, representing the the Austrian Empire. A work committed to the best Engravers, and to be executed with splendor; to be published in parts, ducats each, every three price three

months,

At the same time, Sig. Domenico Testini, of Florence, has published, in that city, Viaggio curioso, &c. Travels in Transyl vania, Wallachia, and Hungary, euding at Vienna, in which whatever is curious, scientific, or included in the studies of the Antiquary, is particularly attended to:for the use, apparently, of inquisitive and examining travellers.

BAVARIA.

Education for young Greeks.

Munich, Sept. 10.-The Atheneum which has been founded here by Professor Thiersch, for the education of young Greeks, goes on successfully. There are already young men there from Grecce Proper, from the Islands, Asia, Moldavia, and Wallachia; among them are the sons of the first families; for example, a nephew of Archbishop Ignatio, a grandson of the late Prince of Moldavia, three brothers of the illustrious name of Comneni, whose family has retired within these few years from the Archipelago to Taganrok on the

Dou.

FRANCE.

Vienna, Oct. 5.—The Austrian Observer, a journal much attached to the cause of legitimacy, and to the interests of France, complains, with much energy, of the mania which actuates some French journals, in other respects estimable, in their outrageous attacks on German literature, which doubtless is not conformable to the taste of Frenchmen, but which, like Greek Suspension of the French Journals. literature, Roman, English, or Spanish, From a private letter from our Correspondent at Paris, must be judged of according to the ideas, The new Stamp Duty or Pamphlets has principles, and manners of the nation to operated with fatal effect on Literature.— which it respectively belongs. To insult The best Journals in France have been nations in that which is the consecrated obliged to be suspended in consequence of medium of expressing their thoughts and it. Amongst the rest Le Magazin Encyfeelings, is to set up pretensions to a lite-clopedique, Le Mercure Etranger, Le Anrary and moral despotism which no Euro-nales de Chimie, Le Journal de Pharmapeau nation has a right to arrogate. In the cie, Le Journal General de Medicine, Le existing situation of the Powers, these dia- Journal des Arts, Le Journal D'Agricultribes against foreign literature, ordinarily ture, &c. &c. accompanied with calumnies against the Many important works are also suspendmorals and manners of other natious, haveed at press; but several excellent ones unthe very disagreeable effects of provoking reprisals. Europe, restored to its old political balance, requires, even in literary discussions, that tone of urbanity and pofiteness which should always prevail among equals.

Antiquities, &c. in the Austrian Provinces.

It should seem as if those provinces of the Austrian Monarchy which have rarely

VOL. V. No. 26. Lit. Pan, N. S. Nov. 1.

dertaken by spirited authors succeed, amongst these are a splendid edition of Homer, in 4to. with the whole Commentary of Eustathius, by M. Niccolopoulo, Librarian of the Institute. An immense work in the language of the Troubadours, by M. Rayuouard, of the Institute, who has already published the Elements of the Grammar of that language-a work abɩolutely necessary for every one who studier

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The first volume of the magnificent work on India, by Professor Langlés, is finished, and the second is publishing. We shall notice it also in our next number.

Proposed improvement in the French breed of
Horses.

British Etymology, we shall give a review | been established, yet it must be confessed, of it in our next. that the greater number, and the most beautiful specimens have been found in Italy. La Puglia and La Basilicata have furnished many of these specimens of antient art, which now form the riches of antiquaries, and the ornament of Royal palaces. La Puglia especially, has afforded the most admirable by their dimensions, by the beauty of the paintings which adoru them, and by the singularity of the subjects treated in those paintings. This district of country continues to be distinguished by the tombs which are discovered in it, and by the expectations it excites of the discovery of others, particularly near Canosa, and on a plain having a rocky substratum, in which a number of antient sepulchres are excavated.

We lately had occasion to observe the attention paid, in Prussia, to horses of the high, Arabian breed, not less are the wishes of the French directed towards the same object. The Chevalier Chatelain,a superior officer of artillery, published lately Memoir sur les Chevaux Arabes, &c. Memoir on Horses of the Arab race, in one volume, 8vo. in which he proposes by means of importation of these horses, to improve and ameliorate, to a very high degree, the present race of horses in France. He lays down principles for selecting the most distinguished breeds for the purpose; gives his opinion on the forming of studs of horses, with instructions to their breeders, owners, &c.

GERMANY.

History of the Arts throughout Europe. M. Fiorillo, who has published the history of Painting in Italy, France, Spain, and Britain, in five volumes Svo. has lately published at Hanover, the continuation of his work, in a volume of 500 pages, which refers to the history of the Arts in Germany, and the Low Countries. It treats on the early epochs of Art, from the time of the Romans to the fifteenth century. The work is divided into nine sections, including Austria, Bohemia, Silesia, Bavaria, Franconia, and Nuremberg, Suabia, particularly Augsburg, Ulm, and Nordlingen; on the Upper Rhine, and in the cities of Mentz, Spires, Worms, Treves, Cologne, and Frankfort; also in Hesse, Thuringia, and Upper Saxony.

Literary Present.

In September 1815, accident, as has already often happened, in the classic regions of Italy, produced such a discovery, on occasion of digging a well, in the plain described; it brought to light the handsomest sepulchral chamber, that has yet been examined.

The same excavation disclosed a number of other antiquities, equally valuable. M. Millin, who watched this discovery with great attention, has published a Description of the Tombs of Canosa, with their bas-reliefs, ornaments, and painted vases in very large folio, price 100 francs; with fourteen plates. The erudition of this writer is too well known to need any comment: he has treated these subjects with his usual ability.

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A remark may here be made on the custom of burying such vases, with the dead. We find it in Britain, where certainly the vases disinterred by Sir R. C. Hoare and Mr. Cunnington, were thought valuable by those who deposited them; we find it, also, in Italy and Greece, where uncommon pains have been taken to decorate them;-for what purpose? ApFrankfort, Oct. Mr. Luke Howardparently, those found in Britain, are by far has presented to the library of this city a the most ancient; for they contain valuable collection of English books, of figures of any kind; neither symbols of which one portion relates to the society for hunting, nor of war; neither traditional distributing copies of the Bible, and ano- stories, nor mythological fictions: yet are ther to the Sect of the Quakers, as well they highly ornamented. The arrangeits present organization in different ment of those in the tombs of Italy and parts of Europe. Greece, is more studied; and sometimes many are found together, placed in order, as it were, by the same individual. If the the east, it was derived from sources incalcustom were brought by the Britons from culably antient; and probably from those very same ancestors from whom the Greeks, &c. originally sprung. The subject is curious; and may now be inquired into with greater advantage than formerly.

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ITALY.

Etruscan, or Sepulchral Vases Notwithstanding a number of vases, heretofore known under the appellation of Etruscan has been found in Greece, and thereby proof of the use of such vases in sepulchres, throughout a greater space of country than was formerly supposed, has

RUSSIA.

sent State of Protestant Missions in different Parts of the World."

This Volume is in the Russian language. It will be pretty large; but will be ready, it is expected, in the first winter mouths. Buchanan's Researches have appeared in the Russian language.

SAXONY.

Series of Historic Medals proposed. St. Petersburgh, Sept. 18.-Count Tedor Tolstoi, well known for his talents in medal Engraving, has lately signified to the President of the Russian Academy, that if the Academy would encourage the undertaking, he was inclined to represent in a series of medals, the remarkable events Grundriss der Archaelogie, &c.-Elements of the Russian empire in 1812, 18!3, 1814, of Archaiology, subservient to the His viz.-1. The National Arming in Russia. tory of ancient Art, of Aucient mout 2. The Battle of Borodino. 3. The Deliments, and works of Classic Antiquities. 4. The Battle at verance of Moscow. By C. D. Beck. Tom. I. pp. 250. Leipsic. Maloijaroslawetz. 5. The Days Battle near The Introduction to this work presents Krasnoy. 6. The Battle on the Beresina. the author's views of the manner of study7. The Flight of Napoleon beyond the Nie-ing Archaiology, and the Antique, on the 8. Alexander's first step over the history of collections, descriptions, and imifrontiers of Russia. 9. The Deliverance of tations of Antiques, on the objects of anBerlin. 10. The Triple Alliance. 11. The cient Art, its emblems and attributes, with Battle on the Catzback. 12. The Battle the means to obtain a more ready acquainat Culm. 18. The Battle of Leipzic. 14. tance with them. The Deliverance of Amsterdam.

men

--

..15.

Crossing the Rhine. 16. The Battle of
Brienne. 17. The Battle of Arcis-sur-
Aube. 18. The Battle of Fere Cham-
penoise. 19. The Occupation of Paris.

The work itself begins with the general history of Art, among different people, as the Hindoos, the Babylonians, the Syrians, &c. among which the Egyptians, Etruscans, Greeks, and Romans occupy the first The Russian Academy found the design rank. The Author then passes to the moelegant and the undertaking useful, both numents of Art, with inscriptions or withto preserve the memory of such great out; with figures or without; then to events, and do honour to the Arts in Rus-works of Art, as statues, groups, composîsia. However, to be more certain, it was resolved to invite the members of the Academy of Arts to attend the Sitting. They accordingly attended the Sitting of the Russian Academy on the 15th June; and, having carefully examined the drawings, expressed their opinion in the most favorable terms.

The Russian Academy hereupon resoly

ed:

1. To allot for the completion of the work the sum estimated at 20,000 roubles necessary for the purpose, out of the sum which the Emperor has assigned for the promotion of the Arts and Sciences.

tions, &c. The whole will form three volumes and will conclude with an alphabetical table. Of artists known by their works, or numismatie cited by authors.

SWITZERLAND.

Missionary Publication.

A Missionary Institution having been lately formed at Basle, and a Seminary in connection with it for the preparation of Missionaries, a Quarterly Publication, in German, has been thought likely to promote the design.

The price, per annum, is one dollar. The work is devoted to the latest History 2. While Count Tolstoi is employed in of the Protestant Missionary and Bible Soengraving the medals, to have the draw-cieties, for the information of the friends of ings engraved on copper, and printed with Christianity and of mankind in Germany and the Swiss country. suitable explanations under them.

3. To employ Mr. Ultin, well known for his ability, to execute the engravings. 4. When the plates are printed to open Subscription for the advantage of the inventor, concerning which due notice will be given.

Missionary History. Measures are taking, by a Lady of Rank in Russia, with the assistance of the Rev. Robert Pinkerton, to attract attention to missionary efforts in that vast empire. By a Letter from Mr. Pinkerton, we learn, that this Princess had, with his aid, nearly ready for the press, a work, entitled, "An Account of the Commencement and pre

TARTARY.

The Holy Scriptures dispersed. The Edinburgh Missionary Society is preparing, at Astrachan, the Scriptures for the use of the Tartars-the United Bre. thren, in Labrador, for the Esquimauxthe Church Missionary Society, in Western Africa, for the Bulloms-the Baptists, in India, for the millions of the human race who are perishing there for lack of knowledge-the London Missionary Society, in China, for the enlightening of its countless population, and, in the Islands of the South Sea, for their scattered tribes. L 2

[FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT AT PARIS.] Les Bedouins ou Arabes du Desert, ouvrage publié d'apres les notes inedites de Dom Raphael, sur les mœurs, usages, lois, costumes, Civiles et Religieuses, &c. de peuples, par F. J. Mayeux.

The Bedouins, or Arabs of the Desert, &c. &c. 3 vols. 18mo, with 24 plates, illus trative of the traits of Character, Costumes, and Ceremonies of the Arabs. Paris. 1816.

The remark of a learned French Professor, that" in general the merit of a work is inversely as its magnitude," was never more true than on the present occasion. How many frivolous works are swelled out into a formidable quarto, the sole merit of which consists in their graphic and typographic excellence, and, fortunately for paper makers, printers, and engravers, such works find buyers. It is not that we do not feel a lively interest in the progress and success of all the arts connected with literature. We love to see splendid merit ushered into the world in a splendid form; but when we see a rivulet of letter press flowing through a broad meadow of margin, and adorned with expensive plates which afford no information, and when the basis of the work itself is trifling or insignificant, it excites our honest indignation, as a literary fraud on the purse of the purchaser.

the Arabs, but the best have necessarily
been very imperfect. Don Raphael has
surpassed all in obtaining information
character of the author, and his courage in
on the subject; and from the known
suffering every privation, and encounter-
ing every risk, to obtain true intelligence,
inclined to give him full credence in his
with the absence of all prejudice, we are
curious sketches, and the more so, as the
he could have
notes were the result of observation, and
no motive to deceive
himself; they were not intended for pub-
lication. Fortunately, his M. S. fell into
the hands of an excellent Arabic Scholar,
M. Mayeux, pupil of that learned Ori-
entalist, the Chevalier. Langlès, the French
Persian Professor, and he has rendered a
rendering them public.
very acceptable service to literature, in

The first volume treats of the names, the position and strength of the tribes, and of the qualities which distinguish them from each other. The second and third volumes are devoted to their manners, customs, laws, government, and religious creeds. tinct tribes, all differing from each other Don Raphael enumerates fifty-seven disinhabit Egypt, and thirty-nine Syria. Yet in some essential points; of these, eighteen these various tribes we are accustomed to confound under the general name of Arals. On this subject the Author observes,1. "The carelessness with which narrathe false notions and ridiculous opinious tives are written is the principal cause of which we have of distant nations. Thus Mussulmans are called Turks, in Europe, though they are no more so than the French, and they have on the contrary a horror of the name of Turk, which is indeed an insult to them, and they only bestow it through excess of contempt on those people who have changed their religion.

M. Mayeux possessed of the manuscript notes of the learned and enterprizing Don Raphael instead of publishing them in magnificent quarto, which he might well have done, has chosen the modest 18mo., whereby a fund of curious and useful information is rendered of easy acquisition to all readers. His conduct is doubly praiseworthy in this respect, on the above account, and also as adding a continuation to previous series of pictures, of various parts of the world, in the same size which the It is thus too, we call indiscrimmately learned of France have favoured, by comArabs the Bedouins of the desert, the peoposing delightful little works on the various ple of the two Arabias, the Syrians, and countries which their pursuits enabled the Inhabitants of Egypt, without consithem best to describe; with plates, illustra-dering that all those tribes, which indeed tive of manners, habits, and customs. This is really rendering valuable acquisitions to literature, and we should be happy to see so meritorious and elegant a plan adopted in England.*

We have had several works giving cursory accounts of the manner of living of

* We understand that an English literary gentleman intends putting such a plan into execution, and commencing it by a translation of the work now under notice.

speak the same language, differ essentially among themselves by their customs, their manners, and even their origin. It would not be more ridiculous to confound under

the common name of English, the natives of England, Scotland, and Ireland."

We here notice a highly meritorious part of the plan of Don Raphael. The names of the various tribes frequently refuse all translation; therefore authors have in different countries given names somewhat resembling in sound the ori

ginal, but alwys participating of the genius of the language in which they have written. It is thus that the most difficult part of translation is to find the synonimy of names, and from, this cause we have so many of the heroes of Ancient History with names ending in us, though with the exception of the Romans it is very certain that no man's name ended in us. This folly has been brought down to modern times; thus De Thou called himself Thuanus. M. Mayeux wisely avoids this error in giving the Arabic orthography.

He commences with the tribes of Egypt and the tribe of ARABS BENI ALY, or Arab Beny dly, as they write it.

This tribe he observes is not properly Egyptian, but is so called from occasionally bringing to Alexandria, the only city where they are to be seen, butter, cheese, &c. From their dialect they are supposed to come from the environs of Tunis. They do not commit any disorders in Egypt, but what they dare not take by force, they accomplish by fraud. The following is a curious example of this fact. After the evacuation of nearly all Egypt, the French besieged in Alexandria rendered the reduction of the place uncertain by the vigour of their defence. During the siege the Arabs Beni Ali arrived, according to their custom: to suffer their entrance into the town, to re-victual it, and to prevent them by force from supplying it, was impossible. The English general deemed it best to purchase their alliance, and the offer was received with ardour. It was agreed that they should not furnish the town with either victuals or clothing. The English exhibited their gold, and the Arab swore by God, Mahomet, his head, and Eternity; but the rascals profiting by the absence of their new allies, who were on board their ships, brought their merchandise into the city, with a little more precaution, it is true. What was the consequence? five shillings were paid for what was worth only as many halfpence. The besiegers were duped, the besieged were victims, and the old adage was verified, Inter duos litigantes tertius gaudet.

Nearly all the classes of Bedouins are addicted to robbery, or regard it as the proper business of their lives; and on days of recreation the Bedouin relates with much complacency and pride, the success of his predatory excursions; how he robbed a farm-yard of the poultry, without awaking a human being;-how he met travellers in the desert, whom he stripped or killed, and brought home all their

spoils in triumph, as a European general would recount the most brilliant of his exploits; and all national prejudice apart, perhaps the balance of merit, or rather the minimum of evil or demerit, is in favour of the wandering Arab. He strips the traveller to procure his own subsistence. Ile is proud of his exploit. A sovereign sees a state which he fancies from its political, moral, or physical weakness, may be made an easy prey, and thinks it glorious to murder one half of the population that he may reign over the other which of these is less criminal

:

in the eyes of a God of Justice? If a man take his neighbours purse, or break open his house, he is hanged for it, and very justly what then ought to be the punishment of those who rob kingdoms, and foully murder all who attempt to defend their property? The plundering Arab compared with such, is a pattern of

virtue.

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Among all the savage nations, hospitality is a great virtue; and none carry it farther than the Arabs of the Desert. Claim the hospitality of an Arab, he will ruin himself to feast you, and every one. of his tribe is emulous to dispute the possession of the guest, whose stay is a continued round of mirth and feasting; but on the day of parting, it is not uncommon for an Arab to address his guest, after he has My friend, you are going left the tent. to leave us; you possess property, you are sure to be robbed, and perhaps murdered, before you get out of the desert, therefore it will be better that we who are your friends, and have regaled you like our brother, should strip you, rather than the Arabs who have done nothing for you;" and without more ado, they dismiss him in a state of nature, to pursue his way without the risk of robbery. Plunder is the regular trade of nearly all the tribes of Bedouins, but they frequently restore what they have stolen, if their generosity is invoked.

"A christian going on a pilgrimage to the Holy Sepulchre having separated himself from the caravan, was attacked by the Arabs, and stripped of every thing, even to his clothes. He now only thought of regaining his comrades as speedily as possible: but he had not gone far when an idea struck him of putting the generosity of the Bodouins to the proof; he turned and cried with all his force, till he had made them hear him, and then addressing the very man who had stripped him, he said, Oh Chief of the Arabs! a perverse Bedouin has robbed me of all I possess,

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