about it with vigour, unless, like Lord His Lordship was born Aug. 3, 1753; and received his education at Geneva, which gave, it is supposed, its tincture to his politics; succeeded his father Philip, the late Earl, March 7, 1786; and married in Dec. 1774, Hester Pitt, eldest daughter | of William, first Earl of Chatham, sister of the present Earl and of the late Right Hon. William Pitt. His Lordship married, secondly, in 1791, Louisa, only daughter of Henry Grenville, Esq. late Governor of Barbadoes, by whom he had issue PhilipHenry Viscount Mahon, now Earl Stanhope, and two other sons. Aug. 24. At Hammersmith, CHARLES TAYLOR, M.D. secretary to the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, in the Adelphi. Dr. Taylor pursued the arduous and important duties of his office, for sixteen years, with a degree of zeal and ability highly honour able to himself and beneficial to the Society. Reared in the bosom of our manufactures, his mind received an early bias in favour of Science and the Arts; and he pursued them with unabated ardour to the termination of a long life, devoted not only to their improvement, but to every other species of public utility. He was the jects," 1805, 8vo. "The Character of Moses established," 1812-1815, 2 vols. 4to. As a scholar, a mineralogist, a fossilist, and conchologist, he stood pre-eminent. His "Travels in Spain," and his "Character of Moses as an Historian," will best speak his literary abilities. RICHARD WATSON, D. D. F. R. S. Lord Bishop of Llandaff, Fellow of the American Society of Arts and Sciences; Member of the Massachusetts Historical Society; a Trustee of the Hunterian Museum; and Vice President of the Society for the Suppression of Vice.-This eminent Prelate, equally distinguished as a Divine, a Natural Philosopher, a Polite Scholar, and a Politician, was born August 1737, at Heversham in Westmorland, five miles from Kendal, in which town his father, a Clergyman, was Master of the Free Granmar School, and took upon himself the whole care of his son's early education. From this seminary he was sent, in November 1754, to Trinity College Cambridge, where, from the time of his admission, he distinguished himself by close application to study, residing constantly, until made a He was unaniScholar in May 1757. monsly elected Professor of Chemistry in Nov. 1764; became one of the Head Tutors of Trinity College in 1767; appointed Regius Professor of Divinity (on the death of the learned Dr. Rutherforth) in Oct. 1771, with the the Rectory of Somersham in Huntingdonshire annexed. The principles expressed by Mr. Gibbon, in various parts of the " [istory of the Rise and Declension of the Roman Empire." called forth the zeal of Bp. Watson; whose Apology for Christianity, in a series of Letters, addressed to Edward Gibbon, Author of Remarks on Sea Water as Esq." published in 1776, 12mo, and several conducive to Health," and of various inter-imes reprinted, replete with sound infor esting articles in the Society's Transactions.mation and reasoning, seems to have pro duced in the learned flisteri in a diffidence of his own powers, which he had till then Nov. 9.-At Pewsey Parsonage, at an been unaccustomed to feel: Mr. Gibbon advanced age, the Rev. JOSEPH TOWNSEND, attempted no public reply. A corresponM. A. rector of Pewsey, Wilts. He was dence, however, which took place on that formerly fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, occasion between the Antagonists, is preB. A. 1762; M.A, 1765; and studied physic served in Lord Sheffield's Life of Gibbon. under Dr. Cullen at Edinburgh. He pub- In 1781, he published a volume of Chelished "Every true Christian a new Crea-mical Essays, which was received with ture," 1763. 12mo. "Observations on various Plans for the Relief of the Poor." 1788, 8vo. "Journey through Spain," 1790. S vols. 8vo." Free Thoughts on Despotic and Free Governments," 1791, 8vo. “ The Physician's Vade Mecum," 1794; tenth edition 1807. “A Guide to Health," 1795, 2 vols. 8vo. "Dissertation on the Poor Laws." 1796, 8vo. "Sermons on various Sub such deserved approbation, as to induce the Author to give to the world, at diffurent times, four additional volumes Having been tutor to the late Duke of Rutland, when his Grace resided at Cămbridge, Dr. Watson was presented by him to the valuable rectory of Knaptoft, Leicestershire, in 1782; and in the same year, through the recommendation of the same Noble Patron, was advanced and consecrated to the Bishoprick of Llandaff. July 17-In Bernard-street, RussellIn 1785, this learned Prelate was editor square, aged 54, the Rev. COOPER WILLYof a "Collection of Theological Tracts, AMS, rector of Kingston and Stourmouth, selected from various Authors, for the use Kent. Mr. W. was known to the public of the younger Students in the University," as author of "The Campaign in the West 6 vols. 8vo. This compilation, comprising Indies, under Sir Charles Grey and Sir pieces on the most interesting subjects in John Jervis, 1794;" and of "The Voyage Sacred Literature by different writers, up the Mediterranean, 1798;" having been displays extensive reading, candour, and present at the immortal battle of the Nile, judgement, and forms a valuable library. as chaplain to Captain Hallowell's ship, In 1786, Bp. Watson had a considera- the first, the most particular, and the most the Swiftsure, of which battle he has given ble accession to his private fortune, by the authentic account. He had early imbibed death of Mr. Luther, of Ongar in Essex; who, having been one of his pupils at Cam- John Willyams, was many years the oldest a love for the sea. His father, Captain bridge, retained so great a sense of his commander of the navy; and died at Canworth, that he bequeathed to him an esterbury, in 1779, aged more than 70. His tate, which was sold to the Earl of Egre mont for 24,0001. In 1796, Thomas Paine proceeded in his 16 Age of Reason," to dispel the clouds in which, he impiously conceived, Christianity had for so many ages enveloped the world. The arguments of this man were abundantly superficial; but his book was likely to produce greater effect than the writings of the most learned Infidels. The connexion of his political with his religious opinions tended still farther to increase the danger; for Atheism and Jacobinism at that time went hand in haud. It was on this occasion that the Bishop of Llandaff published his most seasonable, strong, judicious, and beautiful “ Apology for the Bible, in a Series of Letters addressed to Thomas Paine," 12mo. His genius was here rendered peculiarly conspicuous, by his adopting the popular manner and style of his Antagonists and by thus addressing himself in a particular manner to the comprehensions and ideas of those who were most likely to be misled by the arguments he so ably confuted. The service render ed to his Country on this occasion by his Lordship cannot be too highly estimated. grandfather also was a captain in the navy, and resided at Deal. Mr. W. removed to Emanuel College, Cambridge, where he took his degrees. About 1789 he was presented by the church of Canter bury to the vicarage of Ixning, near New. market; and in 1806 he was presented by Sir Egerton Brydges to the rectory of Kingston, near Canterbury; and at the same time, by the Lord Chancellor, to the neighbouring rectory of Little Hardres, which he immediately exchanged with Dr. Ingles for the rectory of Stourmouth, in the same diocese. POLITICAL PERISCOPE. Panorama Office, Feb. 26. 1817. to our own country, particularly, has been The general aspect of affairs in respect for some time past cloudy and obscure; within the course of this mouth it has re ceived an additional gloom, by the communications to Parliament of evidence proving the existence of plots and proceedings intended to subvert the Consti tution. Both Houses of Parliament appointed Committees to examine this evidence; and both have agreed in the exist extent of its ramifications, and the vigour with which the undertaking was pursued. From the very commencement of the discussions on the Slave Trade, his Lordship always stood forward as a strenuous advo-ence and the atrocity of the scheme, on the cate for its abolition. His Lordship's "Address to the People of Great Britain, 1798, 8vo, is evidently the Address of a man, who, amidst all the differences in matters of less moment, feels honestly for his Country in the hour of danger, and wishes to unite all hands and hearts in her defence. Such a tract from so distinguished a character was not likely to pass ungoverument, which, however, is not the ticed; several replies appeared; but so intemperate were his Lordship's antagonisits, that two of them subjected themselves to legal prosecution The publie mind seeing no eminent or illustrious chief implicated in this affair, nor any very formidable preparations, in progress, has been little affected by the discovery; and, if only so much as is known to the public were known to Go prevailing opinion; for Government eertainly conceals many particulars—it would not seem to merit the national attention.— Common prudence bids to provide against the worst; and there is no doubt, but, what the Habeas Corpus Act will be suspended; and other provisions made for ensuring the public safety. Nor can we bring ourselves to believe, that the political influence of this country, whether on the Continent of Europe, or in any part of the world, is sinall,; that every state is now looking closely to its own af fairs, is true; and, till those are arranged, it knows not what regulations to make, with regard to ALL foreign powers. gloomy and foreboding, who, nevertheless, would be highly displeased to be classed among the alarmists, take on themselves to prognosticate deficiencies in quarters to It is remarkable enough that the clubs which the nation has been in the habit of and societies in which these designs were looking with unshaken confidence. We fostered should assume the distinguishing trust, that such auguries will prove utterly symbols of the French Revolution; and false; and that we shall have the satisfacshould not only propose the annihilation of tion of recording their complete failure. all taxes a measure which presents itself readily enough to an ignorant mind as one means of wealth-but should include also the suppression of all religious observances, as the French did. This alone proves the weakness of the conspirators : for, happily, there is in our country, a great proportion of really religious and pious men; and, as usual, a greater number of persons whose appearance and attendance favour the Re-France, which has been the great disturber ligious Establishments of their country, or those to which they have been accustomed whether from habit or conviction. From a persuasion that such professors could never sanction intentions so profane, the Methodists have published an Address to the members of their body, including cautions against being by any means tre panned into these dangerous associations. If the statements of the disaffected may -be taken as correct, half the nation, or more is engaged on their side; but, nothing can be more vague than loose estimates of num. bers. And of those enrolled, a small proportion only would be found efficient in time of need; of which, indeed, the leaders seemed to be aware, by marking in their lists the "able bodied men, ready to act when required." They also marked those who disobeyed their call, in their " Black Book;" and threatened others with their vengeance, in the new order of affairs. Not only the Committees of both Houses, but the Houses of Parliament, feel themselves convinced of the necessity for unusual measures; and it may be hoped, that the vigour shewn may prove the means of preventing many, or all, of those overt acts which have been in contemplation. The less we hear of them the better; but the suppression of them before they reach completion, will not prove that they were not begun, or ad-anced to a certain point, which certain point might be dangerous to the public peace, not to say, the welfare of the nation, at large. The public has been interested in the exchange, for the purpose of circulation, of the old silver couage for the new; it has been effected without any of those pressives, which some had anticipated, And this, we think, is a good sign, that certain other pressures, of a more import ant description, will also be avoided. The | The general interest of the world is peace. for of peace, has now cause enough to desire Perhaps Austria is worse off still in rễ. spect to her finances. Her populatioli is but too sensible of this. During many years-ten, at least, her statesmen have been endeavouring to improve this branch of public administration: the resült has not yet been satisfactory. Every device wliet brought into action has proved weak and inefficient, if it has not altogether deceived the hopes of the Government and the nation. A breath of popular rumour affects the value of her paper currency, which is all in all, at a rate which exceeds calculation; as hopes or fears fluctuate out of the dominious of the sovereign, as well as within them, the value of this substitute rises or falls: no internal regulations can adjust it. If the course of Exchange may be taken as a scale—and it is the only credible scale we have-the concerns of Russia are improving. The value of the ruble is slowly, but apparently steadily, increasing. Every farthing of value additional implies advantage; and without enquiring at whose cost that advantage is obtained, it is evident that commerce must be the moving cause, and this, if progressive, will eventually relieve those financial difficulties under which this immense empire labours, in common with the most circumscribed states It is not, at this moment, the productions of a state so much as the vent for those productions-the profitable vent in foreign parts, whence a balance may be drawn, that can be applied, first to the liquidation of private debt, and afterwards to the diminution of national embarassments. Prussia seems to be, at present, quiet. There are politicians who think that this Kingdom, notwithstanding the severity of its sufferings under Buonaparte, will be the first liberated from its troublesome We have no rule to which we can .state. : trust, to guide our opinion on this subject. Prussia has arrangements to make with Saxony and these, no doubt, together with a certain popular feeling on the subject of a Representative Government, are found, at present, to afford occupation sufficient, to the Statesmen of this Country. Sweden has lately been intent on introducing the natural successor of the apparent successor to the crown, into public life that is to say-The King has appointed Prince Oscar, son of the Crown Prince [ci-devant Gen. Bernadotte] to au office of confidence and publicity; and the young prince, has made, and received, speeches accordingly. Hence we augur, that the succession is not beyond a doubt; and that the son of Gustavus is recollected, to use no stronger term, by a numerous party in Sweden. Commercial Chronicle. STATE OF TRADE. Lloyd's Coffee-House, Feb. 20, 1817. Among the most remarkable incidents which have lately taken place in the Com. mercial world, is the application of France who are old enough, must remember that to England for a supply of Tobacco. All at the close of the American war, the general outcry was, that the American trade would now center in France, and that trade in Tobacco, Experience was not we had lost the whole of it, especially the long in falsifying those gloomy predictions; yet, nobody then could bring himself to believe that ever France the liberator of America! the great ally of the rising States! should ever be obliged to have recourse to this Island for a supply of an American article. What have we not lived to see? what may we not live to see? It is scarcely possible for any thing more extraordinary to has contracted for a quantity somewhat occur. The fact, however, is, that France short of two thousand five hundred hogsheads, to be delivered in French ports, at a price something below that of the London market. This has raised the spirits of the holders; or rather, has confirmed them in their demands: it has induced some consi derable houses to make offers of purchase, and this, again, gives countenance to a report that France will further contract for April. The stock in London may be about 4 or 5,000 hogsheads more, in March or 9,000 hhds. Virginia, and less than 1,000 hhds. Maryland. Germany and Denmark are quiet. The Netherlands have given no occasion of par- It may be somewhat more interesting to ticular distinction, lately, beyond the cla- our good housewives to know that consimour about corn, &c. which is general.—derable exports of English wheat have been Spain is a mystery; what may follow by way of clearing up this mystery none can foresee. Reports have lately hinted at commotions; the disposition may exist; but the overt act is, as yet, latent. North America has instituted a National Bank; but it is said, that agents are sent to England to obtain specie, to enable that Bank to begin payments. Blessed effect of war! sent from the east coast of England to the opposite French ports. It is true, nevertheless, that is wheat of an inferior description and which they would not venture into their pyes and puddings. It shews the pressure in France for a supply of food; and we hope, it shews also, that there is an cucreasing conviction of the sufficiency of the stores in our own island for national consumption; and that of the better kind of grain; though certainly samples of prime quality are not abundant. Spanish America is a scene of blood shed; we know not which party wins or loses, but both maintain a murderous conThe ports are open to the free import of flict. Foreign Beans and Peas, as well as grain; The Court of Brazil has made a debark-whatever of sustenance foreign countries so that, there is now no impediment to ation of forces at Monte Video; but, to what further purpose is concealed. can supply. In the meanwhile American supposed, that a secret understanding with yields any great profit to the importer may It is flour continues to arrive; but, whether it the Court of Spain warrants this, and more. be questioned. It forms, however, an es cellent article in barter, and where returns | in British goods are contemplated. As much of this commerce passes at Liverpool, these flour consignments have been princi pally made to that port. To the same port of Liverpool, are sent a great proportion of the Cottons furnished by America; and it often happens, that the demand for cotton is brisk or languid; when, in London, it is directly the contrary. Sometimes, also, the prices at Liverpool slightly affect the London market, (and vice versa) but, at other times, the markets seem to be absolutely independent, and to have no influence whatever over each other; often, too, the outport has the earliest intelligence of what is arrived, of what is on the point of arrival, and of what may reasonably be expected to arrive in a short time; and this is found by experience to be no trivial advantage. pected, that when these are once disposed of, any further depression need be feared. COFFEE is not likely to reach any very extravagant price, as the East India Company continue to announce extensive quantities of the article. No less than 24,000 bags were brought forward in one day; and about 10,000 were sold. As the whole could not be sold on that day, the remainder was postponed for two or three days, when the prices of this second sale advanced above those which had been given at the former sale. Is this any very strong proof of the absolute dearth of Trade and Commerce among the merchants of the City of London? Rum is certainly, at this time, the cheapest spirit that can be purchased; which has tempted speculators to venture somewhat deeply in the purchase of it. Government has advertised a contract for 15,000 gallons; but that is not quantity enough to affect the market. It has been held out that THIS spirit might possibly, be furnished by France to the Allied armies instead of Brandy; but, this would be too impolitic on the part of France, unless impelled by absolute necessity; the article is prohibited there, in order to give every advantage to an article the growth of the Coun try, and always considered as a Staple. The sales of COTTON have lately been rather limited not that the holders have 1 hereby been induced to lower their demands; for, in fact, it is very well known, that the demand for the manufacturing districts continues steady; and, on the whole, may even be described as extensive. Good qualities find ready purchasers. The East India Company have declared for sale more than 5,500 bales of Bengal cotton; and from the known stock in their warehouses, the prevailing opinion of the deal-supply; the quantity of Beef, especially, ers is, that the Company may easily increase the quantity to 8,000 bags; or little short of it; which will, of course, affect the market, by so greatly augmenting the supply. The refined market for SUGAR feels the advance of the season for spring shipment. Purchasers have come forward more freely; and have been willing to deal more extensively considerable sales have, in consequence, been effected; and there is every rational expectation of additional demands. It must, at the same time, be acknowledged, that the holders have manifested a disposition to accommodate purchasers, and that a small decline has occa sionally been submitted to; but, this is not likely to last; and perhaps is rather restricted to a few instances, than the gene ral feeling of the merchants, at large. The market is far from being overstocked, in point of quantity. PROVISIONS are in greater request than it is now ascertained, is very short; the prices are consequently looking upward. and in fact, are expected to reach a considerable height. Bacon goes off freely. Butter has been the subject of speculation, and higher prices are expected. The average prices of CORN, for the week ending Feb. 15. Wheat 102s. Od. Oats 228. 9d. Rye Barley 49s. 3d. Peas 55s. 7d. AGRICULTURAL REPORT. ESSEX.-At present the lands in this part of the country work very tough for seed. A few pieces of Pease are already put in with the drill, and the dibble is but lately put in motion for Beans. Where the soil is mild, a chance piece of Etch Oats are sown. Tares are looking well. The wea The business done in Muscovadoes is not ther having been so open, the Turnips are corresponding with that in the refined mar-running very fast, of course will be finishket. The speculators who bought largely, now wish to sell, and therefore have forced on the market, at declining prices, those quantities, which they had previously acquired. The decline may be stated at some what more than 1s. per cwt. This has led to considerable transfers; and it is not ex ed in a little time. Cabbages are not so good as they generally are. The Ewes are very backward, and a less number of Lambs was scarce ever seen at this period of the year. The Graziers have put the greater part of their beasts to Beau-meal. Hay is expected to advance in price. |