e required, and to have that number, and their service, as many drivers would have to be enrolled as an integral part of the troop or company.

The Commissary-General having proceeded so far with his view and exposition of the organization of one arm of the public defence, as it ought to be, in his opinion, would respectfully beg the indulgence of the commander-in-chief, now, "to go the whole figure," in relation to the outline of the great features, which should characterize the militia institution of this State in particular, and of all the States in general, so as to show the three arms, artillery, cavalry and infantry in connexion, as they ought to exist, in three corps d'armée, for the defence of the north, west, and south frontiers of our own State. The principle, if admitted, will apply respectively to the militia of all the other States.

The total of all arms of the militia of this State, as reported by the Adjutant-General to the Legislature, Dec. 31st, 1834, is 186,212 men. This force is divided into 30 divisions of infantry, 3 divisions of cavalry, 21 divisions of riflemen, and the artillery as before presented in contrast. These corps should be arranged into three corps d'armée-the territory about the capitol, Albany, to be the point of connexion of the respective territories of the three great corps d'armée, which corps should be properly organized for public service in defence of the State. The explication in detail is as follows:

The first ten divisions of infantry on the Adjutant-General's return at the inspection parades of 1834, present a total of present and absent of 43,905 rank and file enrolled. They are nearest to the city of New-York. They should, for actual service, have effectively an organization of 40,000 rank and file in corps, viz:

Each division to be composed of two brigades, each brigade of two regiments, each regiment of ten companies, each company of 1 captain, 4 lieutenants, 4 sergeants, 4 corporals, 4 artificers, and 100 rank and file. Infantry, 40,000 men in ten divisions.

The unit force of cavalry or light dragoons, in the field is a squadron: 128 rank and file to each is a good number; this number should be divided into two troops of 64 men each, with 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 1 cornet, 4 sergeants, 4 corporals, and 4 artificers.

To obtain a division of cavalry, it will be necessary to detach, reorganize, and consolidate regiments, squadrons and troops to make a complete division of cavalry, for want of sufficient rank and file in the existing first division of that arm. The corps to be affected are in the city of New-York and its vicinity.

The first division of cavalry, according to the Adjutant-General's return, has 1,405 rank and file, exclusive of Brigadier-General Cooper's nominal brigade of horse artillery, which corps should be consolidated, and reorganized into a regiment of six actual batteries of horse artillery, as a reserve corps. The 1,405 rank and file of the first division of cavalry, the 2nd regiment of nominal horse artillery of the first brigade of horse artillery, doing duty as cavalry, with 300 rank and file, the other horse troops of the city of New-York, say 343 rank and file in all, and exclusive of the first regiment of horse artillery, which should be consolidated into six or eight batteries of horse artillery, and the total rank and file will be 2,048. This number at 128 to the squadron, will make 16 squadrons of light dragoons. The division of cavalry would then consist of two brigades, four regiments of four squadrons of two troops of 64 rank and file each; 2,048 rank and file in one division of cavalry properly organized near the city of New-York, that is, comparatively so. The regiments, brigades, and divisions. of infantry, and the division of cavalry, to have the usual field and staff officers of such corps. Add to these ten divisions of infantry as found above, the one division of cavalry organized as here pointed out, and to them the regiment of foot artillery of ten batteries, organized as proposed, in the city of New-York, with the regiment of six batteries of horse artillery, and one of the divisions of riflemen of the State, and the State of New-York will have the "first corps d'armée" organized and complete, of its own militia, from the local population of a given territory, as nearly as may be, for the defence of the southern frontier.

For each division of infantry there would, as there ought to be, a disposable force of one battery of foot artillery, and for each regiment of light cavalry or dragoons, one battery of horse artillery, and one battery of horse artillery for the light division, or riflemen, and one battery of horse artillery in reserve in NewYork, in addition to the reserves of the second and third foot artillery, and the second regiment of horse artillery of six batte

ries, at Albany, Rome, and their vicinities, in readiness for any required movement in support on any of our frontiers.

Ten divisions of infantry, one division of riflemen, one of the divisions of cavalry, and the five batteries at Sackett's-Harbour and Ogdensburgh, with the five batteries in reserve at Albany, to constitute the second corps d'armée for the defence and security of the northern frontier.

Ten divisions of infantry, a division, or the remaining brigade of riflemen, one of the divisions of cavalry, the five batteries of artillery at Buffalo, and the reserve five batteries at Rome, should constitute the third corps d'armée, for the defence of the west frontier. To each corps d'armée there should be a general officer in command. The second regiment of horse artillery should act with either, or part of it with both the corps d'armée of the north and west, according to circumstances, and until other corps of the artillery could be organized, if necessary, or remain in position as the commander-in-chief and circumstances should determine and require.

Here is presented a basis for an effective organization of the whole force of the State, under proper heads, with the arms of a modern army in each, in corps of the three arms properly arranged for a definite object in view for a mass, viz: the defence and protection of a particular frontier of the State.

The political frontiers of the State would, by the basis of organization presented, be guarded by proper military corps, of proper arms of an army, composed of the population of the several territories of the three particular corps d'armée, on which those corps are located, or nearly so, and could be drawn out in classes, or in a whole corps d'armée, to act when required. Each corps de'armée could be drawn from in parts, fully fitted and prepared for service also, as occasion should demand.

An enemy who could attack our sea coast frontier only, would leave us a disposable reserve, in the well organized second and third corps d'armée, to be called for on the exigency of circumstances. The whole three corps d'armée, in case of an attack, would be capable of combinations of the several arms, proper to be made, or of consolidations in masses, necessary for a determined resistance on our sea coast frontier.

All requisite and necessary combinations of the separate and several arms that circumstances could demand from each, for a special service, could be obtained from such an organization withoct difficulty from the mass of the three corps d'armée of the militia of the state; and without a similar arrangement of the different species of force and the whole, whether classed into ages as as they ought to be, or not, our system of militia for all arms, will remain, as it is, a military chaos, figuratively not unlike Hogarth's picture of the end of all things.

It is not the intention nor the wish of the Commissary-General to instruct, or lay down rules, but simply to hint, and to point out that which has forced itself on his conviction as means necessary and proper to attain a public end-comprising alterations of our militia system, and organization into forms, so that the several arms of an army of modern organization may be clearly seen and understood-in order that the means of defence we possess may be fully prepared for any exigency that may demand their serviceany such, it is hoped, however, is still afar! But should it prove otherwise, this State should be ready to exert its power to sustain its independence and sovereignty as a State, and a great one among the confederate links of a great Union, united for the common defence and general welfare of the whole people; and so shall the militia of this State be able to fulfil a primary object of the Feral Constitution, "to suppress insurrections and repel invasions."

In conclusion, the Commissary-General would remark, that of the pieces in the possession of artillery companies, one hundred and twenty have not reported to this office as the law requires they should, "their situation and repair." Forty have been reported in good order, sixteen out of order; and of sixteen reported, the state of repair has not been stated. The reports from the 33d regiment are the best that have been made to this office during the year; next to them are those from the 8th regiment, and those from the 26th regiment next. The most of the others reported, do not convey necessary information from which to judge of the state of repair of the ordnance and ordnance stores in their possession. In many instances a pounder is reported; but what caliber and metal the pounder is composed of, by a search among papers previously received, is only the method of ascertaining, if it can be so traced and obtained, which in some instances it cannot.

This State has received from the United States during this year, three hundred percussion cannon locks, and thirty stock or hand locks. Also five hundred Hall rifles, one thousand dragoon swords and scabbards, five hundred artillery swords and scabbards, and five hundred artillery sword belts, twenty-eight dismounted howitzers, 24 prs.

At the Albany arsenal, 10,440 muskets have been oiled, and 2,716 cartridge boxes oiled and varnished, this season.

Respectfully submitted,

By your Excellency's ob't servant,

HENRY ARCULARIUS, Com.-Gen.