E. DENT & CO., 61, Strand, & 34, Royal Exchange. (FACTORY, SAVOY ST.), LONDON. &c., MANUFACTURERS OF CHRONOMETERS, WATCHES, ASTRONOMICAL AND MAKERS of the NEW STANDARD CLOCK of the ROYAL OBSERVATORY, Greenwich. TISLEY'S IMPROVED FORM OF OZONE GENERATOR, "Which gives abundance of Ozone and is not liable to be broken."NATURE, June 12 and 19, 1873. AND ALL KINDS OF Electrical, Physical, & Chemical Apparatus MADE BY TISLEY AND SPILLER, 172, BROMPTON ROAD, S.W., ('Three minutes' walk from South Kensington Museum). Agents for Hartnack's Microscopes, etc., recommended by Prof. Rutherford, M.D., F.R.S.E. THE BREWERS' GUARDIAN: A fortnightly paper devoted to the Protection of Brewers' Interests, Licensing Legal, and Parliamentary matters. REVIEW OF The Malt and HOP TRADEs; and Wine and Spirit TRADES The Official Organ of the Country Brewers' Society. "The Brewers Guardian" is published on the Evenings of every alternate Tuesday, and is the only journal officially connected with brewing interests Subscription, 16s. 6d. per annum, post free, dating from any quarter-day Single Copies, Is. each. Registered for Transmission Abroad. Offices-5, Bond Court, Walbrook, London E. C. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY. A MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF 16 PAGES QUARTO, Devoted to Chemistry as applied to Arts and Manufactures, Agriculture, Metallurgy, &c. &c. At Two Dollars and Twenty-five Cents per annum, or One Dollar and Seventy-five Cents paid strictly in advance, including postage to United Kingdom. Each number contains Original Articles on General Chemistry applied to Arts and Manufactures; Matter on Particular Fabrications, as Petroleum, Soaps, Tanning, Dyeing, and numerous others. A suitable space is also devoted to Practical Recipes and interesting Scientific Facts. Full and carefully-prepared Market Reviews and Prices Current of Drugs and Chemicals of every description are given in each number for New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, with Tables of Imports. EIGHTH VOLUME, commenced with January number. Spruce Street, New York; 48, Hanover Street, Boston; and 149, South 4th Street, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A. THE ONLY CHEAP FARMERS' NEWSPAPER. AGRICULTURE JOURNAL AND FARMERS' CHRONICLE, Edited by JOHN Algernon CLARKE, Secretary to the Central Chamber of Agriculture, Devotes special attention to the discussions and proceedings of the Chambers of Agriculture of Great Britain (which now number upwards of 18,000 members), besides giving original papers on practical farming, and a mass of intelligence of particular value to the agriculturist. The London Corn, Seed, Hop, Cattle, and other Markets of Monday are specially reported in this Journal, which is despatched the same evening so as to insure delivery to country subscribers by the first post on Tuesday morning. Price 3., or prepaid, 155. a year post free. Published by W. PICKERING, 21, Arundel Street, Strand, W.C. NEW EDITION OF MITCHELL'S ASSAYING. Just published, in 8vo, with 199 Woodcuts, price 31s. 6d. A MANUAL of PRACTICAL ASSAYING. By JOHN MITCHELL, F.C.S. Fourth Edition, in which are incorporated all the recent valuable improvements in Assaying made in this country and abroad; including Volumetric and Colorimetric Assays, and the Blowpipe Assays. Edited, and for the most part rewritten, by WILLIAM CROOKES, F.R.S. &c. "The work, as it now stands, may safely be taken as a guide by buyers of ores, and by all persons engaged in the industry of chemical manufacture."-Mining Journal. London: LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO., Paternoster Row. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S LATEST PUBLICATIONS. "Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Society for 1873." Part I. containing the Papers read at the Scientific Meetings. With 24 Plates mostly coloured, 155.; with Plates uncoloured, 4s. "Transactions of the Society."-Vol. VIII. Vol. VIII., Part. 6. Price 26s. Containing- Professor Owen, F.R.S.- On the Osteology of the Marsupialia. (Part III.) Modification of the Skeleton in the Species of Phascolomys. (With 8 Plates). Professor Owen, F.R.S.-On Dinornis (Part XVIII.): containing a Description of the Pelvis and Bones of the Leg of Dinornis gravis. (With 4 Plates.) Professor Owen, F.R.S.-On Dinornis (Part XIX.): containing a Descriptive Femur indicative of a new genus of a large Wingless Bird (Dinornis australis, Owen) from a post-tertiary deposit in Queensland Australia. (With 2 Plates.) These publications may be obtained 'at the Society's Office, 11, Hanover Square, W.; at Messrs. LONGMANS', the Society's Publishers, Paternoster Row, E. C.; or through any bookseller. Next week, in crown 8vo, cloth, ELEMENTS OF MINERALOGY. Containing a General Introduction to the Science, with Descriptions of the Species. By JAMES NICOL, F.R.S. E. F.G.S., Edinburgh: ADAM & CHARLES BLACK. Printed by R. CLAY, SONS & TAYLOR, at 7 and 8, Bread Street Hill, in the City of London, and published by MACMILLAN & Co. at the Office, 29, and 30, Bedford Street, Covent Garden,-THURSDAY, August 7, 1873. SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY, 20, GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET, LONDON, W. DIRECTED BY ARTHUR VACHER, F.C.S. The Instruction is essentially practical; there are no Lectures. Each Student works independently. The Course of Study is arranged to qualify the Student as an Analyst and to enable him generally to apply the science to any branch of industry. But the Students are free to pursue their own particular object. The hours are from Ten to Four. On Saturdays the Laboratory is reserved for Ladies. The Charge is Five Pounds per Month. This includes Instruction, Chemicals, Apparatus, &c. Occasional Students are received at the same rate, namely, Ten Shillings per Month for each Half-day in the Week. Schoolmasters requiring personal instruction pay Half-fees. ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION, 309, REGENT STREET, W. LABORATORY and CLASS ROOMS are now open or ANALYSES. Pupils and Class and Private Studies. Investigations connected with Patents Conducted. Classes are now forming in Chemistry, Physics, and Steam.-For Fees and Syllabus apply to the Professor of Chemistry, Scientific Department, Royal Polytechnic Institution. ROYAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATION. The Laboratory and Class-rooms of Berners College are open for A GENTLEMAN, having completed Systematic Courses of Study under Professors Percy, Smyth, Goodeve, Frankland, Valentine, Huxley, Guthrie, and Edgar, having taken the Double Associateship of the Royal School of Mines, also being experienced in Laboratory Teaching and Science Lecturing, wishes to meet with an Engagement in connection with a College or Science Schools.Address-Hermes, 139, Fulham Road, South Kensington, London. [All Rights are Reserved. ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. THE LANDS OF CAZEMBE; a Volume Journey of the Pombeiros. Translated by B. A. Beadle, Esq. A Résumé of the Journey of Monteiro and Gamitto. By Dr. C. Beke. (With a Map by Keith Johnston, junr.) Fellows are entitled to a Copy of the above Work on applying for it at the Office, 1, Savile Row, Burlington Gardens. London; JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, W. LECTURE ON THE SUN. (Illustrated by Diagrams, Models, and Chemical Experiments. NOTICE.-M. DART is appointed to lecture at the Royal Polytechnic, Falmouth, on the 29th inst. Purposes leaving London to fulfil appointments en route about the 23rd. Expects to remain in Cornwall the first week in September, and be on the return journey between the 7th and 14th. For vacant nights and further particulars, please address R. DART, 12, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London, N. B.-Mr. D. wishes an Engagement between London and Bath for Monday, the 25th inst. Terms-Two Guineas. TO MICROSCOPISTS AND OTHERS. MR. J. T. PEACOCK, who has just imported some Living Specimens of the Monster Cactus of South America (Echino REQUIRED by a FELLOW of the LIN- £ s. s. ... 21 Henry Huth 23 0 ... 10 o Jackson and Graham ... 50 ... 5 5 G. Jackson and Sons 5 5 Johnston, Jeames, and Co. 25 o Owen Jones John Kelk 10 10 Lapworth Brothers Rudolph Lehmann Frederick Leighton, R.A. 5 Lewis and Allenby 5 5 10 10 I Horace Lloyd, Q.C. DOUGLAS MORTON, M.D.-"Migraine from Injury to the Head." DR. AINSTIE.-"Slight Poisoning from the Medicinal Use of Phosphorus." M. LE DR. LEUDET.-"The Eaux-Bonnes and Pulmonary Phthisis Reviews, Clinic of the Month, Extracts from British and Foreign Journals, Notes and Queries, Bibliography. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH.-The Medical Officer of Health: his Statutory Duties.-Digest of the Sanitary Statutes.-The Cholera. -The Relation between Enteric and Scarlet Fevers. MACMILLAN & CO., 29 & 30, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS. -Diarrhoea, Bowel Complaints.-The hot weather, defective drainage, and noxious vapours arising from decomposing animal and vegetable matter, are now producing an unusual amount of sickness, which should have early attention. In all complaints affecting stomach, liver, or bowels, Holloway's Ointment has a most salutary effect when diligently rubbed upon the abdomen. It penerates to the seat of evil, and soon removes the causes of indigestion and flatulency, which should warn us of approaching disease. It is safer, in urgent cases, to take the Pills while using the Ointment, as both used together act more energetically. A few days of this treatment will stop every case of bowel complaint in its early stage or acute form. RUPTURES.-BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT. WHITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS TRADE MARK. is allowed by upwards of 500 Medical Men to be the most effective invention in the curative treatment of Hernia. The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its effects, is here avoided; a soft bandage being worn round the body, while the requisite resisting power is supplied by the MOC-MAIN PAD and PATENT LEVER, fitting with so much ease and, closeness that it cannot be detected, and may be worn during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had, and the Truss (which cannot fail to fit) forwarded by post, on the circumference of the body, 2 inches below the hips, being sent to the manufacturer, JOHN WHITE, 228, Piccadilly. Double Price of a single Truss, 16s., 215., 26s. 6d., and 31s. 6d.) 315 6d., 425., and 52s. 6d. " Umbilical 425. and 52s. 6d. Post-free ELASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE-CAPS, &c., for Varicose Veins and all cases of Weakness, and Swelling of the legs, Sprains, &c. 1 bey are porous, light in texture, and inexpensive, and drawn on over an ordinary stocking. Price 45. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s., and 16s. each. Postage free. JOHN WHITE, Manufacturer, 228, Piccadilly, London. THURSDAY, AUGUST 14, 1873 THE ENDOWMENT OF RESEARCH V. ALTHOUGH it is not within the purpose of these articles to propose an elaborate scheme in which the Endowment of Research in all its branches may be completely provided for, yet it may be reasonably expected that some suggestions should be now put forward to serve as an answer to those who urge the hopeless impracticability of the attempt, and as a foundation upon which a definite plan may be constructed, by the help of criticism, from those who can speak with authority in their own particular subjects. In the first place, it is above everything important that the need of a systematic organisation of a central character with entire freedom of action should be at once recognised. It is absurd to suppose that the lack of pecuniary means can be the main difficulty which has hitherto, in the richest country in the world, hindered original investigation in the Sciences. The natural harvest of scientific discoveries which England ought annually to reap has rather been checked by the irregularity with which the labourers have been rewarded, and the comparative indignity with which they have been treated. For a certain class of scientific investigations of a strikingly practical character the public will always be willing to sanction large parliamentary grants; but for the permanent Endowment of Research, and the continuous support in a worthy position of the researchers, not only the aid of the nation at large, but the wealth and the prestige of our ancient Universities are required. There is, of course, no reason for any interference with the valuable work at present accomplished by the London Societies, but their work. is of a different character. The new organisation would not grow into a monopoly, but would naturally take to itself those departments of knowledge which are least cared for, and in which the benefits of endowments will be most felt. Its wealth would enable it to be liberal, and its public position would impose just that amount of responsibility which should protect it from those dangers to which its wealth might render it exposed. It is impossible to give a precise account of the actual manner in which the endowment should be distributed. To advance a crude scheme would be disadvantageous to the cause at heart, and to descend into detail would be to offer an unnecessary advantage to the enemy. Much must be left for the future to develope, and much must be left to the men to whom the administration is entrusted. If a scheme were to be worked out in detail in accordance with the demands of Science as understood at the present day, and if strict rules were to be adopted for its application, it might very well happen that before many years have gone our new Foundation would become an obstruction rather than a help to the advancement of Science. That a system may be vague, and yet eminently useful, and that its managers may safely be trusted with powers almost irresponsible, may be learnt from the example of the Smithsonian Institution in the United States. No. 198-VOL. VIII. SHAU It is there found that to the Secretary of that institution, who at present is Professor Henry, may be confided the management of about 8,000l. a year, subject only to the nominal control of a board of American politicians, upon the trust to further "the advancement and diffusion of knowledge." Many incidental lessons may be gathered from the manner in which the funds of this Institution are applied. There are no professors, and no oral instruction of any kind: money is advanced to individual investigators, not to support them while engaged in their scientific labours, but merely to provide the apparatus and the materials necessary for their researches; but the largest part of the funds would appear to be devoted to the publication of the work which they have encouraged, and which under the title of "Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge," are well known all over Europe. In this case, therefore, Research is indirectly endowed by means of a moderate pecuniary assistance to the investigators, whereas in Germany it is indirectly endowed through the professoriate; but our proposal is that nothing but a direct endowment will satisfy the peculiar wants of this country. There is yet a further reason why any plan now put forward should be purposely indefinite and incomplete. The funds which the colleges will ultimately yield can only fall in very gradually. It is, according to the modern practice, quite impossible to make anything out of the present holders of fellowships, who are in most cases young men, who may retain their appointments if they choose up to the limit of their lives. It would also, for manifest reasons, be inexpedient to divert each several fellowship as it becomes vacant from its present destination. The machinery of the University organisation is so delicate that the occasions for introducing changes into it must of necessity be left to those who are best acquainted with the manner in which it works. Many years must elapse before that portion of the College revenues to which original research is now putting in a claim can In the meantime it is be handed over to this account. the duty of all those who support this claim not to dispute about details, but to force a hearing for that principle which they advocate in common, and which, when once publicly recognised, will render easy the remainder of the task. It is not, however, difficult to point out roughly the lines in which the endowment will have to proceed, and so to meet by anticipation the apparent objections which are certain to be alleged. The form the endowment should take, the persons who are to be entrusted with the distribution, and the guarantee that the appointments shall not degenerate into sinecures, are all matters which require explanation. With regard to the first question, it is necessary to clear away a prevalent misunderstanding, which would seem to be based upon the existing system of Fellowships. It is not an essential part of the new scheme that a given number of Research Fellowships should be forthwith founded, to be awarded to young students who have passed successful examinations in Science. The very opposite course is the one which would commend itself to those who are aware of the evils of the present practice. The number of the new appointments should not be fixed; at first it should be small, but capable of increase as the suitable candidates come for R A Monthly Journal of THERAPEUTICS. Edited by FRANCIS E. ANSTIE, M.D., F.R.C.P., Senior Assistant Physician to Westminster Hospital, and Lecturer on Materia Medica in Westminster Hospital School. No. LXI. for AUGUST, 1873, Contains Original Communications: W. AINSLIE HOLLIS, M.D.-"The Value of sodic Bromide as a Nervous Sedative." G. V. POORE, M. D.-"Writers' Cramp:" its Pathology and Treatment. Part III. DOUGLAS MORTON, M.D.-"Migraine from Injury to the Head." DR. AINSTIE." Slight Poisoning from the Medicinal Use of Phosphorus." M. LE DR. LEUDET. "The Eaux-Bonnes and Pulmonary Phthisis" Reviews, Clinic of the Month, Extracts from British and Foreign Journals, Notes and Queries, Bibliography. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH.-The Medical Officer of Health: his Statutory Duties.-Digest of the Sanitary Statutes.-The Cholera.-The Relation between Enteric and Scarlet Fevers. MACMILLAN & CO., 29 & 30, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS. -Diarrhoea, Bowel Complaints.-The hot weather, defective drainage, and noxious vapours arising from decomposing animal and vegetable matter, are now producing an unusual amount of sickness, which should have early attention. In all complaints affecting stomach, liver, or bowels, Holloway's Ointment has a most salutary effect when diligently rubbed upon the abdomen. It penerates to the seat of evil, and soon removes the causes of indigestion and flatulency, which should warn us of approaching disease. It is safer, in urgent cases, to take the Pills while using the Ointment, as both used together act more energetically. A few days of this treatment will stop every case of bowel complaint in its early stage or acute form. RUPTURES.-BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT. WHITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS TRADE MARK. is allowed by upwards of 500 Medical Men to be the most effec tive invention in the curative treatment of Hernia. The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its effects, is here avoided; a soft bandage being worn round the body, while the requisite resisting power is supplied by the MOC-MAIN PAD and PATENT LEVER, fitting with so much ease and, closeness that it cannot be detected, and may be worn during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had, and the Truss (which cannot fail to fit) forwarded by post, on the circumference of the body, 2 inches below the hips, being sent to the manufacturer, JOHN WHITE, 228, Piccadilly. ELASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE-CAPS, &c., for Varicose Veins and all cases of Weakness, and Swelling of the legs, Sprains, &c. bey are porous, light in texture, and inexpensive, and drawn on over an ordinary stocking. Price 45. 6d., 75. 6d., 10s., and 16s. each. Postage free. JOHN WHITE, Manufacturer, 228, Piccadilly, London. |