heaviest catches coincided with that of the absolute maximum temperature of the sea. It is premature to affirm that there is any absolute connection between those two facts, seeing, for example, that the herring season at Stornoway occurred in May and June, but it is, to say the least, a striking coincidence. The relations of the temperature of the sea to the migrations of the herrings will receive further elucidation when, the returns from Stornoway and other places being discussed, it is exactly determined with what critical epochs of the annual march of the temperature of the sea, the herring seasons, and the periods of maximum catches in different districts correspond. In almost all cases the largest catches occurred with a high, steady barometer and light winds, indicating settled weather; and very light ca ches, in the height of the season, with thunder-storms, a low and unsteady barometer, northerly and easterly winds, and weather more or less stormy. It was recommended that, in the further prosecution of the inquiry, attention be given to investigate the causes which determine the time of the commencement of the fishing, the fluctuations of the catches in different districts or on different days, and the end of the fishing season. Self-registering thermometers, similar to those now in operation at Peterhead Harbour, established at different points on the coast, and observations on the temperature of the sea, by the more intelligent fishermen on their fishing excursions, could not fail to contribute very material assistance to this difficult inquiry. The Committee was re-appointed to contiuue their investigation of this important question, Mr. Thomas Stevenson, convener.-Mr. Robert Louis Stevenson then reid a paper on "Local Conditions influencing Climate in Scotland;" in which the effect of shelter from the East and West, and of relative proximity to the sea, were chiefly considered. The mean annual temperature of Unst and Monach, two of the Society's stations, which, being situated on outlying islands, are almost wholly removed from the influence of the land, was found to coincide with the mean sea temperature in their neighbourhood. A series of observations was proposed at three or four stations, provided with thermometers similarly placed and protected, one set being close to the shore, another a mile inland, and the others at intermediate distances, in order to decide in what manner the climatic influence of the sea extends inland. Mr. Milne Home stated his belief that the Society would be able to carry out the proposal. lia reported on the impurities contained in commercial isobutylic aldehyde (chiefly acetone) derived from propylic alcohol, and on the conditions under which isobutylic alcohol yields acetone.-A. Oppenheim communicated the continuation of his researches on cymoles derived from various C10H16 isomers. Those from terpene and from citrene yielding both paratoluyic as well as terephthalic and acetic acids, can only differ in the position of the 2 atoms of hydrogen which they contain in addition to cymol. This renders improbable that all C10H, yielding cymoles should be constituted according to the view lately expressed by Kekulé. PARIS 16 Academy of Sciences, July 7.-M. Bertrand, president.— The proceedings commenced with the announcement, by the perpetual secretary of the award of the Albert Medal of the Society of Arts to M. Chevreul.-During the meeting the commission charged with the recommendation of a candidate for the place left vacant by the decease of M. de Verneuil, presented its guet, du Moncel, Jacqmin, and Sedillot.-The following papers report. It recommends, Ist, M. de Lesseps; 2nd, MM. Bréwere read:-Theory of the planet Saturn, by M. N. J. Leverrier. Transit of Venus at Yokohama, by M. Yvon Villarceau.—On -On an isochronous regulator constructed by M. Breguet for the the method of action of the water during the reactions accompanying the mixing of neutral, acid, and alkaline solutions, by M. Becquerel.-On the definition attainable with small astronomical telescopes, by M. d'Abbadie.-A direct demonstration of the fundamental principles of thermo-dynamics; the laws of friction and concussion, by M. A. Ledieu. -Thermal researches on saline solutions by M. P. A. Favre.— On the fossils of the phosphatic chalk of Quercy, by M. P. Gervais. On the development of the plague in the mountainous countries and plateaus of Europe, Africa, and Asia, by Dr. Tholozan.-On the iron ores of the department of Ille-et-Villaine, by M. Delage.-Experiments on the action of ammonia and the prolonged action of water on the Phylloxera, by M. Gueyraud.-On magnetism, by M. du Moncel.—On the variable period of the closing of a Voltaic circuit, by M. Cazin.—On an "absolute" barometer, by MM. Hans and Hermary.-On the dissociation of mercuric oxide, by M. H. Debray.-On a method of comparing different gunpowders, by M. de Tromenec.-On the oxalins, or e hers of glycerin and the polyatomic alcohols, by M. Lorin. Oxalin is produced by the action of oxalic acid on glycerin.--On the zoological position and rôle of the acarians known as Hypopus, Homopus, Trichodactylus, by M. Mégnin.Experimental contributions to the history of digestion in birds, by M. Jobert.-Observations on certain of the organic liquids of fish, crustacea, and cephalopoda, by M. F. Papillon.-On the heat of combustion of explosive substances, by MM. Roux and Sarrau. New experiments relating to the theory of the thrust of earthworks, by M. J. Curie. DIARY FRIDAY, JULY 25. QUEKETT CLUB, at 8.-Anniversary. SATURDAY, JULY 26. BOTANIC SOCIETY, at 3 45. A. Kekulé and A. Fleischer have treated camphor with iodine acid a body of the formula PO. Cla , yielding with water a corresponding acid and chlorophenol.-V. v. Richter has found that benzoate and formate of potassium fused together yield both terephthalic and isophthalic acids, a fact which renders untrue many conclusions on the constitution of aromatic bodies which have been founded on the production of either one or the other of the above acids with derivatives of benzol and formate of potash. Prof. Richter thinks that either one or the other of those isomeric acids are formed according to the temperature employed in fusing.-F. Baumstark has found in urine a new neutral crystallised substance of the formula C,H,N2O, which with alkalis yields lactic acid and ethylamine.-K. Birnbaum reported on the attraction of water by superphosphate of calcium exposed to moist air.-G. Barbag 2 CONTENTS THE ENDOWMENT OF RESEARCH, III.. OUR BOOK SHELF PAGE 237 238 241 242 Just ready, in crown 8vo, cloth, price 3s. 6d. THE SPECTROSCOPE AND ITS APPLICATIONS BY J. NORMAN LOCKYER, F.R.S. WITH A COLOURED PLATE AND NUMEROUS WOODCUTS. 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It contains, moreover, some notable instances of English daring and enterprising skill; it abounds in animated tales of exploits dear to the heart of the British sportsman; and it will attract even the least studious reader, as the author tells a story well, and can describe nature with uncommon power." THE ALBERT N'YANZA GREAT BASIN of the NILE, and EXPLORATION of the NILE SOURCES. Third and cheaper edition, with numerous Illustrations and Maps. Crown 8vo, 6s. "The author, while he equals other African explorers in judgment and daring, far exceeds them in literary capacity. He has produced two volumes which can be read straight through with ease and pleasure."―Guardian. "Charmingly written, full-as might be expected--of incident, and free from that wearisome reiteration of useless facts which the drawback to almost all books of African travel."-Spectator. MACMILLAN AND CO., London, |