he had never heard of Eumenius until he went to Autun, where he was told that he was an orator who lived about 310 A. D. He afterwards noticed in Autun a street Rue Eumene, and Smith's Dictionary confirmed for him the date of the Panegyric on Constantine. It would not be difficult to show that there are many other things of which the editor has never heard. Commenting on 1. 46 he says of per fidem, "treacherously. The phrase 'per fidem,' which originally meant 'by reliance on,' is here on its way to the sense expressed by perfidy." The views of Usener, Stolz and Lindsay are thus completely ignored. On malacia 3. 15 we are told: "This appears to be the only passage either in a Greek or Latin author in which the word is used in this sense"; but compare Acta Apostolorum Apocrypha (Leipzig, 1891), I, p. 50: "in Hadria autem malacia habita in nave, Theon Petro ostendens malacia," etc.; see Archiv, VII 586 and several other articles in the Archiv where the word is discussed. Occasionally rather elementary syntactical points are explained, yet the notes on the whole are brief, sober and sensible. Much attention is paid to the identification of sites and to the explanation of proper names, but there is only one map to illustrate Caesar's campaigns and one plate to make clear Caesar's bridge, so that in illustrative material it is inferior to many existing editions. The book, despite its size, does not mark any decided advance in the treatment of Caesar.

M. WARREN.

Vocabularium Iurisprudentiae Romanae, editum iussu Instituti Savigniani. Vol. I inchoaverunt OTTO GRADEnwitz, BerNARDUS Kuebler, ErnestUS THEODORUS SCHULZE, continuaverunt BERNARDUS KUEBLER et RUDOLFUS HELM. Fasciculus II. accipio-amitto. Berlin, Georg Reimer, 1898. The present fascicule of this important work follows after an interval of four years the first, which was reviewed in this Journal, vol. XVI, p. 377. In the interval two of the editors of the first fascicule, Schulze and Gradenwitz, have retired from the undertaking, although some of the articles now published were prepared by them before their retirement; but the editors of the present fascicule are Kuebler and Helm. The general plan of the work remains the same as stated in the previous notice. Each page has two columns with fifty-three numbered lines, so that crossreferences are easily found. The present number contains columns 97 to 416, but the number of words embraced is only about 375, of which about 75 are only found once, so that 300 words take up more than 300 columns. Actio alone, however, which is of course one of the most common legal terms, occupies coll. 103-131, while the preposition ad takes up coll. 134-192. Alius requires 25 columns, alter 16, aliquis 14 and ago 11.

It is as interesting to note the absence or rarity of some words as the frequency of others. Advocatus does not occur as frequently as one might expect, amanuensis occurs but once, amator but once, while adulter and adulterium take up a couple of columns. Of words not included in Harpers' Dictionary we have noted only the following: adiectamentum, adnego (? for abnego), aliquilibet. Most compounds of ad are given in the unassimilated form, even though the assimilated form is the one which occurs exclusively or commonly in the texts under consideration. This is usually stated. Consequently some words are included in this fascicule which are to be found in Harpers' under ass- or att-. Especially noteworthy is the frequency of alioquin, while alioqui seems to be attested for only three passages in the Digests. The list of words found only once is too long to give here, but among them are accumbo, acetabulum, addubito, adinvenio, aemulatio, agmen, albesco, alimonia, aliquotiens and amburo.

Acervus is used with the genitives frumenti, pecuniae and stercoris, and the passages quoted are not noted in the lexical article on acervus in the Archiv, X 280. The article upon actio is of course much more complete upon the legal side than that in the Archiv, IX 116 ff.

The various uses of ad are carefully classified, and one is struck with the frequency with which it occurs with verbal substantives in -io and with gerunds and gerundives, the latter preponderating. Once we find ad praestandam quinque operarum praestationem. To be noted is the fact that admodum in the sense of valde follows its adjective or adverb except in two passages, whereas in Cicero it more frequently precedes. Adsentio occurs three times, adsentior four, no striking preference being shown for the deponent form. The construction_preferred with adscendo is in and the accusative, only with Capitolium the in is more frequently omitted. The impersonal use of adsoleo is also in legal language the more frequent, although it is used twice personally. Mention is made of aer in only four passages, for it is naturali iure omnium communis. The absence of frequentatives and diminutives is noticeable. Actito occurs but once, and aedicula, alicula and agellus once each. Ambo has in the accusative both ambos and ambo, while ambobus in dat. pl. is used twice for the feminine. For alias... alias modo ... modo a few more passages are given than are indicated by Wölfflin, Archiv, II 237. Ait is used not only with a personal subject, but also with oratio and lex. It is also combined with ita, sic, quemadmodum, sicut and ut. Besides ais, ait and aiunt, the only other forms occurring are aiebam, aiebat and aiebant.

The whole work is expected to be completed in fifteen fasciculi, and a third fascicule will probably be issued in 1899. The classical philologist who wishes to compare juristic usage will find the work most helpful, and we can only hope that it will be brought to a conclusion as soon as possible.

M. WARREN.

Yale Studies in English. ALbert S. Cook, Editor. II. Aelfric. A New Study of His Life and Writings. CAROLINE LOUISA WHITE, Ph. D. Boston, New York and London, Lamson, Wolffe & Co., 1898.

This study is based upon Dietrich's investigations, published in 1855 and 1856, in Niedner's Zeitschrift für historische Theologie, and its original purpose was to render the most important part of Dietrich's work accessible to English readers. In works where we should look for some reference to Dietrich, he is wholly ignored. Dietrich's papers considered Aelfric's writings; the teachings of the O. E. church according to Aelfric's writings; Aelfric's education and character; and Aelfric's life.

Dr. White has subjected Dietrich's work to a most careful examination, and to independent investigations, which have confirmed, in great part, Dietrich's results, and enriched them with the fruits of the last fifty years' study in this field. The 'New Study' is introduced by a chapter on the monastic revival, not found in Dietrich. In succeeding chapters we have accounts of Aelfric at Winchester; at the abbey of Cernal; and at the abbey at Eynsham, in which a result is reached different from that of Dietrich, according to whom Aelfric returned from Cernal to Winchester, and perhaps went elsewhere. The chapters on Aelfric's education and character are translations from Dietrich, as is also that upon the exploded theories of his identity, but with modifications and additions. The chapters upon Aelfric's writings include original and independent reviews of his Homilies; Grammatical and Astronomical Writings; Lives of the Saints; Pastoral Letters or Canons; Translations from the Bible; On the Old and New Testaments; Life of Aethelwold; De Consuetudine Monachorum; and Prefaces. In Appendixes Dr. White gives us More's Treatise on Aelfric's Identity; Summaries of Förster's Study of the Sources of the Exegetical Homilies; Reum's Study of the Authorship of the De Temporibus; McLean's and Tessmann's Studies of the O. E. Interrogations; Ott's Study of the Sources of the Legendary Homilies in Lives of the Saints, I; and Assmann's Study of Aelfric's Judith. A very full Bibliography, a Classified Bibliography, and an Index, make Dr. White's Study a complete apparatus for the student of Aelfric, brought down to date, in which all that is valuable and ascertained in past scholarship is preserved and made accessible. Great charm and vividness is given to the treatment by the biographical and historical details and portraiture. The recovery of so engaging a personality in O. E. literature and life from the confusion in which it became obscured, gives a romantic interest to the study.

No attempt is made to give the views of the O. E. church drawn by Dietrich from Aelfric's writings. This is wisely left to separate treatment, which should include a comparative study of the writings of others, for a satisfactory revision of the

antiquated views of Lingard and Soames. As nearly all of Aelfric's writings before unpublished have been printed since Dietrich's papers appeared, the scholar is now better prepared to undertake it.

There remains much work upon the sources of the Exegetical Homilies, to which Max Förster has made valuable contributions in the Anglia, in order to make them serviceable in the criticism of Aelfric's Biblical translation.

Miss White's 'New Study' is a solid and admirable piece of work, which does honor to American O. E. scholarship, and especially to the work at Yale University. It is a revelation of the great advance among us in recent years in O. E. studies, which promises to overtake at no distant day the German scholarship, which has hitherto held the first place.

CHARLES EDWARD HART.

REPORTS.

PHILOLOGUS, LII.

I, pp. 1-12. A. Dieterich: Die Göttin Mise. The cult of this chthonic goddess (Herond. I 51) spread from Phrygia by way of the islands to Athens, where it was included in the Orphic and Eleusinian mysteries; thence to Alexandria, and Rome, where it was associated with the cult of Bona Dea.

II, pp. 13-37. C. v. Jan: Die Harmonie der Sphären. The coincidence that there were seven great heavenly bodies and seven degrees of the scale led to the Pythagorean doctrine of the music of the spheres. (1) Saturn being highest in space, was supposed to make the lowest tone, as on the lyre the most elevated string made the lowest tone: the moon being lowest, made the highest tone. (2) The Alexandrian theory used by Aratus reversed this: the higher the body, the faster the motion, and so the higher the tone. (3) There was in the period after Christ, another system of fixed tones, probably to be referred to Ptolemaeus.

III, pp. 38-48. L. Bornemann: Pindar's elfte pythische Ode ein Sieger- und Todtenlied; cf. id., Philol. XLV 596 ff., on the seventh Nemean. In Pyth. XI the victor's father is dead; in Nem. VII it is the victor.

P. 48. C. Haeberlin: Xen. Hiero VIII 5—an ảnò KOMU con

struction.

IV, pp. 49-57. J. Pantazidis: Verbesserungsversuche zu Euripides' Iphigenia in Aulis.

V, pp. 58-117. C. v. Holzinger: Aristoteles' und Herakleides' lakonische und kretische Politien. As H. derived his 'Aonvalov ToMireia from A. (Philol. L 436 ff.), so also his Lakonian, Kretan and probably all his 43 constitutions are to be taken as direct excerpts from A.

P. 117. M. Petschenig emends Ammianus. See also pp. 218, 317, 421, 495.

VI, pp. 118-31. W. Schmid: Noch einmal Kratippos. Notwithstanding the recent defence (Philol. L 32 ff.) of Stahl's view (De Cratippo historico), Kratippos is to be taken as a contemporary of Thukydides.

P. 131. J. Miller: Aristoteles über die Demokratie. Pol. III 10, 1286a, 24 ff. does not contradict Athen. Pol., ch. 41. 2: the