scured them; only in the hollow at our feet they floated sparingly, and we enjoyed undisturbed the enchanting scene. The full beauty of this sight, and the delight it gave to us, can only be comprehended by those who have travelled over mountains as immense and rugged as those of Bischur and Ghurwhal for four or five months, partly alone, marching continually, with few comforts, and in unfavourable weather. Such may recollect how cheering to the sight would be, under such circumstances, the dwellings of civilized man, and how sweet the voices of friends to the ear. From hence we obtained a short and last glimpse of the snowy hills and of the peak of Bunderpouch; Hurdwar was also seen, with several points which we could not well distinguish.

NEPALESE POLICY.

Translation of Draft of a Petition to be addressed to the Emperor of China, by the Rajah of Nepal, inclosed in Ummr Sing's Letter from Raj Gurh, dated 2d of March, 1815.

"I yield obedience to the Emperor of China, and no one dare invade my dominions: or, if any power has ventured to encroach on my territory, through your favour and protection, I have been able to discomfit and expel them. Now, however, a powerful and inveterate enemy has attacked me, and, as I owe allegiance to you, I rely on obtaining your assistance and support. From Khunka to the Sutlej, for a thousand cos, war is waging between us. Entertaining designs on Bhote (Tartary) the enemy endeavours to get possession of Nepal; and for these objects he has fomented a quarrel, and declared war. Five or six great actions have already been fought; but, through the fortune and glory of your Imperial Majesty, I have succeeded in destroying about 20,000 of the enemy.

"But his wealth and military resources are great, and he sustains the loss with out receding a step. On the contrary numerous reinforcements continue to arrive, and my country is invaded at all points. Though I might obtain a hundred thousand soldiers from the hills and plains, yet without pay they cannot be maintained; and, though I have every desire to pay them, I have not the means. "Without soldiers I cannot repel the enemy. Consider the Ghoorkhas as

your tributaries: reflect that the English came to conquer Nepal and Bhote; and for these reasons be graciously pleased to assist us with a sum of money, that we may levy an army, and drive forth the invaders; or if you are unwilling to assist us with subsidies, and prefer sending an army to our aid, 'tis well.

"The climate of Dhurma is temperate; and you may easily send an army of 2 or 300,000 men, by the route of Dhurma into Bengal, spreading alarm and consternation among the Europeans as far as Calcutta. The enemy has subjugated all the rajahs of the plains, and usurped the throne of the king of Dehli; and, therefore, it is to be expected that these would all unite in expelling Europeans from Hindostan. By such an event your name will be renowned throughout Jumboo Dweep; and whenever you may command, the whole of its inhabitants will be forward in your service. Should you think that the conquest of Nepal, and the forcible separation of the Ghoorkhas from their dependence on the Emperor of China, cannot materially affect your Majesty's interest, I beseech you to reflect that, without your aid, I cannot repulse the English; that these are the people who have already subdued all India, and usurped the throne of Dehli; that with my army and resources, I am quite unable to make head against them; and that the world will henceforth say, that the Emperor of China abandoned to their fate his tributaries and dependents. I acknowledge the supremacy of the Emperor of China above all other potentates on earth. The English, after obtaining possession of Nepal, will advance by the routes of Buddrinauth and Mansowroar, and also by that of Diggurcheh, for the purpose of conquering Lassa. I beg, therefore, that you will write an order to the English, directing them to withdraw their forces from the territory of the Ghoorkha state, which is tributary and dependent on you, otherwise you will send an army to our aid. I beseech you, however, to lose no time in sending assistance, whether in men or money, that I may drive forth the enemy, and maintain possession of the mountains, otherwise, in a few years, he will be master of Lassa."

HISTORICAL

HISTORICAL

MEMOIRS OF NAPOLEON. BOOK IX.

8vo. 10s. 6d. in French and English.

[The ninth book of this very important historical work, which has so long been announced, and about which NAPOLEON is so well known to be employed at Saint

Helena, has appeared as the first of the series, because its subject was thought of greater temporary interest. Of course the entire work will rank as a modern classic, and be regarded in the year 3000, just as we now regard the Commentaries of Cæsar. It dispels a thousand errors relative to the events of 1815, and it proves the compound treachery of various persons entrusted with commands in the French army, and that the loan of thirty millions granted in that year, was not inactively employed; we repeat, however, as moralists, that even if the results had not been obtained as they doubtless were, no glory can ever attend victory unless the cause in which the victors are engaged is JUST, and the appeals to arms UNAVOIDABLE, and these are moral questions appertaining to every freeman who draws a sword or pulls a trigger. To maintain that those who fight battles have no concern in the justice of their cause, is to sink the character of a soldier into that of a slave, or hired assassin, and to deprive him of all pretensions to glory even when the cause is just in which he is engaged. Glory without justice is only the glory of a banditti. Both parties may assert that justice is with it, but the disturbed state of Europe since 1815, proves that the moral sense of mankind is not satisfied.]

RETURN FROM ELBA.

met, on the heights before Vizille, the advanced guard of the garrison of Grenoble, which had been ordered to march against him. His Imperial Majesty went up to the colours alone, and, after a short harangue, the whole body assumed the tri-coloured cockade: placing himself at the head of these troops, they were ordered to wheel about, and proceeded eighty leagues through a at night he entered Grenoble, having most difficult and mountainous coun try, a march which is unequalled in history. Remaining at the last-named city during the eighth, he departed on the following day at the head of eight thousand troops of the line, and thirty pieces of cannon, making his entry into Lyons on the tenth, when Count Defargues, the mayor, presented the keys of the city to his Majesty. The Count D'Artois, the Duke of Orleans, and Duke of Tarento precipitately retired from it, unaccompanied, on the same day; their unexpected apparition at the Thuilleries, soon after, seemed to strike the court with a species of stupor. Finally, on the twentieth of March, at eight o'clock in the evening, it being the anniversary of his son's birth-day, the Emperor entered Paris. Forty thousand troops of the line had, by this time, successively ranged themselves under his banners. The little

army of Elba arrived the next day, having marched two hundred and forty leagues in twenty days. Louis quitted Paris on the night between the 19th and 20th of March, crossing the frontiers of France on the 23rd. On his departure from Lisle, all the fortresses

February, 1815, about nine o'clock at night; he embarked on board the brig of war Inconstant, which carried a white ensign sprinkled with bees, during the whole of the voyage. On the first of March, at five in the afternoon, he disembarked near Cannes, in the Gulf of Juan; when, his little army assumed the tri-coloured cockade; it consisted of one thousand men, the greater number of whom were soldiers of the old guard. He passed through Grasse on the second, at nine in the morning, slept at Sernon, having advanced twenty leagues during the day. The Emperor slept at Barrême on the third; on the fourth, his advanced guard, commanded by General Cambronne, seized on the fortress of Sisteron; on the fifth he entered Gap, and on the seventh, at two o'clock p. m. he

flag.

At the first report of Napoleon's disembarkation, the Duke de Bourbon had been sent to Nantes, to head the people of La Vendée; whilst the Duke d'Angouleme was invested with the government of the provinces on the left bank of the Loire. All the attempts made to raise the people in the West, were fruitless; there the inhabitants recollected the great debt of gratitude which they owed to Napoleon.

As to the Duke de Bourbon, he embarked at Paimbeuf, on the first of April, in an English vessel; meanwhile, the Duke d'Angouleme sent the Baron de Vitrolles, a minister of state, from Bordeaux, to establish the headquarters of his government at Toulouse, leaving the Duchess, his wife, at Bordeaux, in the hope of retaining that

important

important town, and of rallying with the Spanish army. The Duke himself, at the head of the 10th regiment of infantry, the 14th mounted chasseurs, and some battalions of royal volunteers of Languedoc, conceived the rash enterprise of marching to Lyons; while the troops raised at Marseilles should proceed to Grenoble. He passed the Rhone by the bridge of St. Esprit, carried that on the Drome, which was defended by the national guards of Montelimart, entered Valence on the third, and established his outposts along the left bank of the Isere. At the same time, the armed force from Marseilles, amounting to two thousand five hundred men, supported by the S3d and 58th regiments of the line, under the orders of Lieutenant-General Ernouf, passed through Gap, and marched to Grenoble. These successes lasted but a single day; the Duchess d'Angouleme was forced to quit Bourdeaux on the second. On the arrival of LieutenantGeneral Clausel, she embarked on board an English brig. Vitrolles was arrested on the fourth by LieutenantGeneral Laborde, and imprisoned at Paris. General Gilly, profiting by the enthusiasm of the people of Languedoc, put himself at their head; his advance, composed of the 10th mounted chasseurs, and of the 6th light infantry, took possession of the bridge of St. Esprit, driving the royalists before them. On the report of the dangers which threatened Lyons, the inhabitants of Burgundy and Auvergne arose en masse, and hastened to that city to demand arms, for the purpose of marching against Princes, whom they considered as allied to the enemies of the French name. The tri-coloured flag was displayed in all the villages of Dauphiny, and an alarm bell announced the march of the royalists. On seeing the imperial eagle, which LieutenantGeneral Chabert carried at the head of the national guard of Grenoble, the troops of the line instantly abandoned the royal cause: after this, the troops from Marseilles, surrounded on all sides, lost no time in disbanding themselves; happy in being thus able to regain their liberty. The Duke d'Angouleme now fully comprehended the imprudence of his undertaking; he, therefore, hastily evacuated Valence, and, while endeavouring to gain the bridge of St. Esprit, he was made prisoner by General Gilly.

The Emperor released the captive,

and allowed him to embark at Cette, on the 16th, in a Swedish vessel. Marshal Massena, by displaying the tricoloured flag in Provence, terminated the civil war. On the 20th, the salute of a hundred cannon from the invalids, announced to the capital, while discharges of artillery from the batteries on the coasts, and the fortresses on the frontiers, convinced foreign states, that the people of France had resumed their rights!

History will not fail to do justice to the generosity of the Conqueror, on this occasion. The Baron de Vitrolles had been excepted, by the decree of Lyons, from the general amnesty, and the Duke d'Angouleme, whose sentence was pronounced by the law of retaliation, were both saved by his clemency. "I wish," said Napoleon, " to be able to proclaim, that I re-conquered my throne without having shed a drop of blood, either in the field of battle, or on the scaffold."

PLAN OF THE CAMPAIGN OF 1815.

The second plan was to anticipate the Allies, and to commence hostilities before they were ready; they could not commence hostilities until the 15th of July: it was necessary therefore to take the field on the 15th of June, to beat the Anglo-Belgian army, and that of Prussia and Saxony, which were in Belgium, before the Russians, Austrians, Bavarians, &c. &c., had arrived on the Rhine. On the 15th of June, an army of a hundred and forty thousand men might be united in Flanders, leaving a curtain on all the frontiers, and good garrisons in each of the strong places. Ist. If the Anglo-Belgian and Prusso-Saxon armies were beaten, Belgium would revolt, and its troops recruit the French army. 2dly. The defeat of the English army must have led to the dismissal of the English ministry, whose places would no doubt have been supplied by the friends of peace, liberty, and the independence of nations; this circumstance alone would have terminated the war. 3dly. If it happened to be otherwise, the army, victorious in Belgium, re-inforced by the 5th corps that remained in Alsace, and by the reinforcements, which the depôts could furnish in the months of June and July, would march on the Vosges against the Russian and Austrian armies. 4thly. The advantages of this project were numerous, it was conformable to the genius of the nation, and to the spirit and principles of the war; it remedied

THE ARMY OF THE CONFEDERATES.

On the night of the 14th, the enemy's armies were very tranquil in their cantonments. The Prusso-Saxon army formed the left, and the Anglo-Belgian army the right.

was

The first, commanded by Marshal Blucher, was one hundred and twenty thousand strong, viz. eighty-five thousand infantry, twenty thousand cavalry, fifteen thousand artillery, engineers, and military attendants, and three hundred pieces of cannon. It was divided into four corps. The first commanded by General Zietten, connected with the English cantonments, bordered the Sambre, having its head quarters at Charleroi, and Fleurus for its point of concentration. The second, under the orders of General Pirch, was cantoned on the frontier, in the neighbourhood of Namur, which was also its point of concentration. The third, commanded by General Thielman, bordered the Meuse, in the environs of Dinant, and was to concentrate itself at Ciney. Lastly, the fourth corps, under the orders of General Bulow, was behind the three first, with its head quarters at Liège. Thus, it would take each corps half a day to concentrate. The whole army was to assemble in the rear of Fleurus. The first corps was already there; the second had eight leagues to march from Namur; the third had fourteen leagues to march from Ciney, while the fourth had sixteen to march from Ham. The headquarters of Marshal Blucher were at Namur, distant sixteen leagues from that of the Duke of Wellington, which was at Brussels.

The Anglo-Belgian army, under the Duke of Wellington, was formed of twenty-four brigades, of which nine were English, ten German, five Dutch and Belgian; of eleven divisions of cavalry, composed of sixteen English regiments, nine German, and six Dutch, making a grand total of 104,000 men, namely:

22,000 Infantry. English.... .37,000 10,000 Cavalry. 5,000 Artillery. 32,000 Infantry.

Germans.......

42,000

Dutch& Belgians 25,000

6,800 Cavalry. 3,200 Artillery. 19,000 Infantry. 2,000 Cavalry. 3,000 Artillery. 73,000 Infantry.

Total of each branch 20,000 Cavalry. 11,200 Artillery, having 250 guns.

Grand Total....104,200 men,

not including eight English regiments from America, disembarked at Östend; an English regiment at Nieuport, a battalion of veterans at Ostend, and the 9th, 25th, 29th, and 37th English regiments, in the strong holds of the Belgian frontier, where considerable bodies of militia had been united. The nine English brigades, the five Hanoverian brigades, and the two brigades of the German Legion, formed six divisions, called English. The five Dutch brigades, and the brigade of Nassau, formed three, called Belgian ; the troops of Brunswick formed one. These ten divisions were formed into two grand corps of infantry. The first, under the orders of the Prince of Orange, whose head-quarters were at Braine-le-Comte, was composed of five divisions, of which two were English, namely, a division of the guards, and the third division; the others were the three Belgian divisions. Their points of reunion were Enghien, Soignes, Braine-le-Comte, and Nivelles. The second corps, commanded by Lord Hill, whose headquarters were at Brussels, was composed of five divisions, four English, and that of the Brunswick troops, their points of reunion were Brussels, Alt, Halle, and Ghent. Lord Uxbridge commanded the cavalry; his point of reunion was Grammont. The general park was cantoned round Ghent. It required half a day for each division to join at its point of reunion. The point of concentration for the army was Quatre Bras, in order to be two leagues on the right of the Prussian_army.— There was, from the head-quarters of the Prince of Orange to Quatre Bras, a distance of six leagues; from Nivelles, two leagues and a half; from Enghien, thirteen leagues; from Soignes, eleven leagues; from Brussels, the principal head-quarters of the army,eight leagues; from Ghent, seventeen leagues; from Grammont, thirteen leagues; and from Ath, thirteen leagues. Two whole days would therefore be necessary, for the assembly of the two armies on the same field of battle: united, they presented a force of two hundred and twenty-four thousand men.

BATTLE OF LIGNY.

The Emperor, accompanied by a few attendants, visited the chain of outposts mounted on the heights, and windmills, and attentively reconnoitred the position of the enemy's army. It presented a force certainly exceeding eighty thousand men. Its front was covered by a deep ravine, and its right uncovered.