SUSSEX. An establishment has lately been opened at Brighton, for exhibiting and disposing of the works of native artists on a similar principle of the British Institution, London. Married.] Mr. Cobden, to Miss Idle.-Mr. W. Goldring, to Mrs. Stamper: all of Chichester.-Mr. H. Mills, of Chichester, to Miss E. Gregory, of Lamport-terrace, Portsmouth. Mr. J. Grace, of Eastbourne, to Miss M. Ades, of Sedlescombe. Died.] At Chichester, in Chapel-street, 63, Mrs. E. Wilds. At Brighton, in Nile-street, Mr. Sturt.In Ship-street, W. Brown, esq.-In Churchstreet, Mr. N. Bradford. At Lewes, 40, Mrs. M. Stuard. A number of farmers have lately quitted the Isle of Wight for America, taking a respectable capital with them. Married.] Thomas Collingwood Hughes, esq. late of Southampton, to Miss E. St. John Butcher, of Upland Grove.-John Sutton Shugar, esq. of Portsmouth, to Miss Cole, of Walworth.-Lieut. Hicks, R. N. to Miss Atkinson, of Gosport.—Mr. G. Godden, to Miss H. Buckhurst, both of Havant.William Bowden, esq. R. N. to Miss Browning, of Elliott-place, near Gosport. Died.] At Southampton, 26, Miss A.. Beavis. 81, Mrs. T. Bernard.-74, Mrs. E. Galliane.-78, Mrs. M. Cole. At Portsea, Mrs. T. Jackson.- 51, James Napper, esq. At Southsea, 67, Mrs. Lang. Married.]-Mr. B. Higman, of New Bondstreet, to Miss Jenkins, of Bath-street, both of Bath.-John Maule, esq. of Bath, to Miss Capt. Giles, of the 9th foot, to Miss Maria F. E. Norman, of Wilton.-At Shapwick, Warrey. Mr. J. Bligh, to Mrs. Stockwell, of Widcombe.-The Rev. D. S. Moncrieffe, rector of Loxton, to Miss E. Young Monkland, of Belmont. Samuel Chester, esq. of Stowey, to Miss M. Dibbs, of Yard. Died.]-At Bath, in New Bond-street, Mr. Laura Skinner, of Camerton. In WalcotG. Newcombe,-In Grosvenor-place, Miss buildings, Mr. W. Watlock, deservedly regretted. Mrs. Adams, widow of Lieut. A. 3d reg. of foot.-In Great Pulteney-street, Christiana Louisa, daughter of Paul Horsford, esq. attorney general for the Leeward Islands. At Bridgwater, Mrs. Biffen, regretted. Died.] At Exeter, 37, Mr. R. Burn, much regretted. In St. Thomas's, 37, Sarah, wife of Simon Hore, esq. deservedly lamented.38, Mrs. Brock. At Plymouth, 48, Mr. W. Bawden. -On the Barbican, Mrs. M'Donald.-In Scammell's-row, 62, Mrs. Stevens. In James street, 44, Mrs. Waddon. At Saltash, Mr. P. Porter.-At Compton, 63, Mrs. Derriman, late of Plymouth.-At Harberton, 88, the Rev. R. Barnes, archdeacon of Totnes, chancellor of the diocese, and canon of Exeter, deservedly lamented. CORNWALL. Married.] James Hendy, 'esq. of Truro, At East Looe, 87, Mrs. P. Warren. WALES. A Meeting of the Freeholders of the county of Pembroke lately took place at Haverfordwest, respecting the Administration of Justice in Wales, when petitions to both Houses of Parliament, founded thereon, were proposed by A. J. Stokes, Esq. and unanimously approved of. Another meeting was also held at the same time, when certain resolutions were entered into, attributing the present distresses of the poor and the farmer to those taxes which immediately affect the first necessaries of life, and the disproportionable taxation to which the landed interest is at present liable. Petitions to both Houses of Parliament, founded on these resolutions, were proposed and agreed to nem. con. Married.] Robert Hamilton, esq. to Miss Simonds, both of Tenby.-William Williams, esq. of Llandovery, to Miss A. M. Price, of Williamsfield, Carmarthenshire.-William Wynne Sparrow, esq. of Red Hill, Anglesea, to Miss F. E. Sparrow, of George-street, Westminster.-A. Owen Pugh, esq. to Miss J. Lloyd, both of Nantglyn, Denbighshire.Mr. Parry, of Holy head, to Mrs. Newman, of Castlerea, Ireland. Died.] At Swansea, Mr. W. Bennett.Miss P. Tucker.-73, Mr. D. Perrott, much respected. At Carmarthen, Joseph Green, esq. late of Swansea, Mrs. Watkins. At Brecon, Mrs. Winston, deservedly regretted.-68, Mrs. E. Hill. At Wrexham, the Rev. W. Browne, deservedly esteemed. At Dolgethly, at an advanced age, Mr. R. Owen. At Plas Teg, Flintshire, Elizabeth Agnes, wife of C. B. Trevor Roper, esq.-At Gronant, 85, Mrs. Bulkeley, mother of Capt. B. 30, Mrs. Bickerton. SCOTLAND. A petition was lately transmitted to the House of Commons from the unemployed mechanics of Paisley; they complained of distress, and prayed for relief. Married.] George Warden, esq. of Glas gow, to Miss S. Wanostrocht, of Alfred House, Camberwell. Died.] At Aberdeen, 91, John Abercrombie, esq. At Dumfries, 66, Mr. Kinloch Winlaw. IRELAND. The The south of Ireland has lately been plunged into great and unexampled distress, by extensive failures of the long established banks in Cork, Limerick, Waterford, and other places. A late intelligent paper states "Business is at an end in the province of Munster, and whole districts are ruined. butter trade, which promised to be very brisk in Cork and Waterford, is entirely suspended." The distress of the poor has created general sympathy; and a meeting has been held at the Thatched House Tavern, St. James's street, by gentlemen connected with Ireland, for their relief. Government attended to their representations, and sums have been appropriated for that purpose. Married.] At Dublin, the Rev. George Bishopp, Archdeacon of Aghadoc, to Miss C. E. Sproule, of Dublin.-John Whitla, esq. of Lisburn, to Miss Haynes, of Alcester.Mr. T. Howes, of Cork, to Miss M. Thompson of Maryport. Died.] At Dublin, 18, Mrs. Gillispie, wife of Rolle G. esq. late of the 20th Light Dragoons. At Waterford, W. Newport, esq. banker, only brother of Sir John N. bart. M.P. At Killina, 77, Sir James Bond, bart. ABROAD. John Thorlacken, the Icelandic Poet, who translated into his native language Milton's Paradise Lost, and Klopstock's Messiah. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Some Observations on Mr. Middleton's Tour are inadmissible without the name and authority of the writer. We never admit anonymous replies to signed communications. The Tour from Shrewsbury to Holyhead will be commenced in our next Number. On the first of August will appear our usual Supplementary Number to the current Volume. Characters of Books, sent for insertion in our Critical Proemium, are always inadmissible. The transmission of copies as soon as published, will always secure early notice. We are obliged to Mr. WOOLCOT for a Subscription of Five Guineas for the Shakespear Family; and to the Rev. Dr. JOHN EVANS, for another of Three Guineas. ERRATA IN JUNE NUMBER. P. 418, col. 2, line 6 from the bottom, for affecting operation, read efficient. 420, 2, 31, 2 for assailants read assailant. 2 from the bottom, for in such an exigency, read to suit an exigency TO THE FORTY-NINTH VOLUME OF THE MONTHLY MAGAZINE. No. 342.] JULY 30, 1820. [Price 2s. Selections from the chief Publications of the Half-year. JOURNAL OF A TOUR THROUGH PART OF The Snowy Range OF THE HIMALA MOUNTAINS, And to the Sources of the RIVERS JUMNA AND GANGES. BY JAMES BAILLIE FRASER, ESQ. a tract of country so very little known, promised to be somewhat interesting, however imperfectly conveyed: and it seemed desirable to exhibit a picture of its inhabitants, as they appeared before an intercourse with Europeans had in any degree changed them, or even before they had mixed much with the inhabitants of the plains. It were disingenuous and unavailing to deny, that he was also influenced by a secret feeling 4to. £3 38. with a Superb Atlas of coloured Engrav. of satisfaction, at being recognized as ings, £21. [Mr. Fraser attended the invading army which was employed to keep the Nepalaze within their mountains, and prevent them from partaking of the luxuries of the plains, which, it is presumed, are reserved for the commercial sovereigns of the East and their agents. Perhaps, however, these pretensions of the simple mountaineers were incompatible with the monopolies of the other party, and hence, if the latter were, at all events, to be maintained, the war was unavoidable. The question of justice depends on the right of monopoly, or on the justice of the cause of the first invaders of the plains, which were in this war the subject of contest. Be this, however, as it may, the war and its issue enabled some intelligent persons attached to the British army, to record their observations on hitherto unexplored regions, and one of these results is the great and interesting work of Mr. Fraser; of the literary execution of which, our readers can judge from the extracts that follow; but of the magnificent coloured ATLAS, an adequate notion cannot be conveyed without seeing it. No book in our language enjoys a corresponding appendage, excepting the last voyage of Cook, and the Embassy of Macartney, and it vies in splendour with either of them.] THE AUTHOR'S MOTIVES. HE Journal and the Observations with very sincere diffidence, submitted to the public. The author has been induced to venture on this measure chiefly by a desire to add his mite to the general stock of geographical knowledge; the more so, as any information respecting MONTHLY MAG. NO. 342. the first European, who had penetrated to several of the scenes described, as well as by that universal and powerful tendency of our nature to gratify its vanity by relating the strange, the uncommon, or dangerous enterprises in which we have been engaged. The author and his party enjoyed a perfect and unrestrained freedom, together with full access to every place and person, private and public, as conquerors They proceeded and as benefactors. through the land with perfect facility of seeing and observing, and of making every enquiry into its moral and political state, while his own want of skill in the language was compensated by the company of those who were perfect masters of it. He also enjoyed the means of procuring a tolerably accurate survey of the country, and of amassing materials for a map, in the general accuracy of which, as far as relates to its greater lines, and a considerable portion of its detail, he places great confidence. Thus, though the country may now be visited with little risk or difficulty, and though gentlemen of science have been appointed to survey it from Sardah to the Sutlej, who will have opportunities, at least as good as those enjoyed by the author, to make their observations, together with far greater ability to take scribe their result, still the physical difficulties of the country are so great, and the obstacles to making such results available to the public are so numerous, that a very long time will, in all probability, elapse before any_description of 4 F it it can appear, and till then, even so unsatisfactory an attempt as the present may be received with indulgence, Having resolved on publication, the author was only desirous of relating with simplicity what he had seen and heard, and of describing facts, and the impression they made on him at the moment, with truth and correctness: he is deeply sensible of the defects of his work, but he still believes that any man can describe what he has seen and heard, better than he who writes from the accounts of another, and that the errors into which he may fall are more tolerable, than the affectation which too often pervades those works, which are compiled by the professed makers of books. NEPALASE WAR. In the end of 1814 it was deemed expedient by the British government to declared war against that of Nepal. This power, emboldened by a long course of success and conquest, had commenced a deliberate system of encroachment on the British boundaries, and a course of insult towards its lower ministers, which, at length, it became absolutely necessary to repel. That belt of low, wooded, and marshy but rich land, known by the name of the Turrace, or Turreeana, which, lying at the foot of the hills, stretches along from the Burrampooter to Rohilcund, chiefly belongs to the countries under British government, or to those which are under its protection. This was the scene of their violence, and the object of their ambition. Our police was attacked and abused; the zemindars were plundered and even murdered; and the petty chiefs, dependent on our protection and authority, if they did not agree to the terms of these oppressors, were insulted and driven from their homes and properties. After much negociation, many moderate representations of these wrongs and grievances, with strong remonstrances, and earnest appeals to the justice and humanity of the ruling powers of Nepal for redress, to which no satisfactory answer was returned, or explanation ever given, and after many assurances of a sincere desire for continuing that friendly understanding which had hitherto subsisted betwen the two powers, but which gave rise to nothing but empty compliments and political delay, a manifesto was published. The conduct of this war, with its consequences, offered to us sources of information regarding Nepal and the coun tries contained in the mountainous belt that confines Hindostan, of which here. tofore there was but little known; and as it was in consequence of this war that opportunity was obtained to make the journeys related in the following pages, it seems not irrelevant to premise a short notice of the principal events that occurred in a campaign so novel and so arduous as that which gave the first blow to the Ghoorkha power, and led to a final peace. THE GHOORKHAS. Prithenarrain Sah, a considerable number of years ago, possessed the small state of Ghoorkha, situated considerably to the northward of Nepal. His subjects were peculiarly warlike and active; and he himself was of a very ambitious turn of mind. Raising a small army, he fell upon the neighbouring petty state of Noarcote; and, after a considerable lapse of time, possessed himself of it. He then turned his views to the valley of Nepal. This valley, small as it is, lying within a circumference of forty miles, then contained three separate and independent states; the chiefs of which, as may be supposed, were not amicably disposed to each other: these, were, Jey Purgass, rajah of Catmandhû; Runjeet Mul, of Bhat-Gung; and Chunum Purgass, of Patum: and they were at this time in a state of open war with one another. Taking advantage of this, Prit-henarrain Sah entered the country, and subdued the whole, after a long and a severe struggle; during which time strange and fearful cruelties are said to have been committed on the inhabitants by his order. Having thus established his power in the most fertile valley of the hills, he became more rapacious than ever. The next victim was the state of Muckwan-. poore; and he extended his conquests eastward to the Jeesta; when, having thus raised a kingdom and a name, he died, leaving his dominions to his son, Singa Purtab. He only reigned one year and a half, during which time he added nothing to the Nepalese dominions; and his son, Rung Bahadur, succeeded him on the throne. Under this prince, who was of a very determined character, verging ou cruelty, the work of conquest went rapidly on. First fell Lungoon and Kashka, two small states to the southward; Tunoon, Noacote, the second; Burbut, Preesing, Suttoon, Suttoon, Isnea, successively; then turning further to the westward, Muscote, Dhurcote, Irga, Ghootima, Jumla, Rugun, Dharma, Jeharee, Prietana, Dhanee, Jasercote, Cheelee, Golam, Acham, Dhyleck, Dhooloo, and Dhotee, followed. This last is a large state, divided from Kumaoon by the Kaleenuddee, and stretching through the hills nearly to the plains. Then Kanchee fell, and Palpai; which drew with it also Bhooturul and Sulean. By this time the whole mountainous district, from the Jeesta to the Gograh, was in the hands of the Nepalese. But, not content with this, they conceived the conquest of the states to the westward, and hoped to gain possession of even the rich and beautiful valley of Cashmeer. Kumaoon soon. yielded: but Gurhwhal resisted their efforts for twelve years, chiefly from the delay that the capture of one fort occasioned to them. All the country, from the confines of Gurhwhal to the Sutlej, fell an easy prey; when once established at Sreenuggur, they crossed that river to pursue their fortune, and laid siege to the strong fort of Kangrah, in the state of that name: but there their good fortune deserted them; and the inhabitants, assisted by the Sikhs, to whom they are tributary, resisted all the efforts of the invaders; and they lost more men in that long protracted siege than in the conquests of half the country besides. NEPAL. Nepal is, and must be, a very poor state. Its mountain population can hardly feed themselves: and the large numbers that are found in the valley and its environs, are chiefly supplied with food from those districts of the Turraee that are still under the controul of the Nepalese government; and from this fruitful tract was the chief part of the revenue drawn. Without this country the Nepalese could never have risen to the greatness which they had attained; but they knew not when to stop: the value of the country attracted their cupidity, and brought on the war that was to destroy them. From the extent of their population, it will be inferred that the military establishment of this people is extensive: and so in fact it is, considering the means possessed by the state to arm and to maintain a large force. The whole male population capable of bearing arms are understood to be liable to military service in times of danger and necessity. They are not, however, all regularly trained to arms. But there are numbers of regular troops, formed into different corps, which are dispersed throughout the country, always leaving a large disposable force near the capital. This standing force my information has stated to amount to from 30 to 35,000 men; besides the forces beyond the Kaleenudde, under Hustee Dhul, Bum Sah, and Ummr Sing Thappah. These men are regularly officered, somewhat after the manner of Europeans; and they affect much the European exercise, dress and arms. Even the denomination of rank given to the officers is English; and besides fougedars, suobahdars, jemadars, amildars, &c. we find colonels and captains commanding their corps. The corps often take the name of the person who raised them: and, as a specimen of their military nomenclature, and of the regime of their troops, I have given in the appendix a list of the Nepal forces and corps, taken from some of the Ghoorkha officers, as it existed some twelve or fifteen years ago. It is not by any means offered as a correct list, in numbers or in detail, of the Nepalese military establishment. The regular army of Nepal has been for so long a time accustomed to active service, to a series of constant warfare and victory, that the men have become really veteran soldiers, under the advantages of necessary control, and a certain degree of discipline; and, from their continual success, they have attained a sense of their own value-a fearlessness of danger, and a contempt of any foe opposed to them. They have much of the true and high spirit of a soldierthat of setting life at nought, in comparison with the performance of duty, and that high sense of honour, which forms his most attractive ornament, and raises his character to the highest. The Ghoorkhas, and the people of the neighbouring states, have, in appearance, a great resemblance to the Malay or Chinese physiognomy; and the Nepalese Proper I believe to partake much of this similitude. But the features and expression of the people in the various parts of the hills are very different; though very often referrible to Tartar or Chinese, and but little to the countenance of the Hindoo of the plains. Their soldiers are stout, thick, well |