into the interior; whereas in water the upper stratum, when cooled, descends, and has its place supplied by warmer water from below. The surface of the water will, therefore, in calm and clear weather, and temperatures above 450 Fahrenheit, be warmer than that of the contiguous land; and consequently the air above the land will be cooler than that above the water. When the cold air, therefore, from the land mixes with that above the water, both of them containing their due proportion of aqueous vapor, a mist or fog must be the result. Mr. Henderson has discovered, in New Siberia, the claws of a bird measuring each a yard in length; and the Yakuts assured him, that they had frequently, in their hunting excursions, met with skeletons and feathers of this bird; the quills of which were large enough to admit a man's arm. Captain Cook mentions having seen an immense bird's nest in New Holland, on a low sandy island, in Endeavour river, with trees upon it, and an incredible number of sea-fowls: he found an eagle's nest with young ones, which he killed; and the nest of some other bird of a most enormous size, built with large sticks on the ground, no less than twenty feet in circumference and 2 feet 8 inches high. Mr. George Gibson, near George town, on the Conemough river, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in boring for salt water, at the depth of 270 feet, obtained seneca oil, which is said to be very pure. According to appearances, one barrel per day may easily be procured. In July last a regular search for rock-salt was commenced at Moyenire in the department of La Meurthe. At the depth of 200 feet they found a bed 11 feet thick; below this the workmen perforated a bed of gypsum and clay of 546 feet, when they reached another bed of salt eight feet thick. The salt of the first bed is very white and transparent, and very pure: the second contains a small portion of gypsum and argillaceous substances, and brownish like clouded flint. M. Peron, the naturalist, has had occasion to observe, that men in a savage state are inferior in strength to men civilized. The following is the result of experiments which he has made on this subject with the Dynamometer of M. Reigner. Savages Diemen's Land New Holland Civilized Men. French. An excellent vein of marble has been discovered in the vicinity of Newhaven, district of Milford, United States. This marble is announced to be of the same beautiful species as what in Europe goes by the name of Verd Antique, and which is now only to be found in Cabinets of Natural History, or in the Palaces of the Noblesse. It is thought to excel in beauty, the known remains of even that species. There appear to be immensely large blocks of the marble, and the mine is held out as inexhaustible. According to Laplace, any actual dimination of the mean temperature of the earth would be detected by a diminution of the length of the day. It appears by computation, that one degree of Fahrenheit's thermometer would make an alteration of nearly one second in the length of a day, and four or five minutes in that of a year. MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. BEAN this season, EAN planting being interrupted by the and much remained to be done, as late as the second week of the present month, in the forwardest districts. Sowing the lent corn has commenced in the north, and has been in operation from the early part of the month, in the south with considerable success and expedition, from the good and fertile state of the lands; the soil, from the effects of the frost, requiring but moderate labour and turning up in garden moulds. The latter sown wheats appear weak and some thinly planted; their improvement will depend on the genial nature of the spring. The early wheats are stout and healthy, but all have been affected in degree by the sharp N. E. winds, which have retarded vegetation, particularly of the grass, the meadows being quite bare and affording no food for sheep. The clovers of all green crops intended for spring food have suffered severely. Swedes, the only remaining roots, are said to be half rotten, and the feeders stock are reduced to the necessity of allowing hay and corn. The invariable consequence of this, is, cattle and sheep from all quarters sent to market half fat. Fortunately, the great quantity of fodder helps to spare the hay. Cattle and horses seem to have the quickest sale in the north, and in the Midland counties; in the south, they are reported cheaper and not very ready of sale. The season has not been favourable for lambing many lambs, and even ewes lost from want of due nourishment; the ewes in general are not overflowing with milk. In most parts of Scotland, the beans are said to have been excellently got in, from the fine state of the heavy lands. Fat hogs in great demand and pigs dear. Wool a dull trade. What with threshing for fodder and for necessary supplies of money, the farmers stocks of wheat reported to be greatly reduced. Markets have of late experienced several sudden variations, but there seems little ground for the speculation that the ports will be opened in August. Smithfield: Beef 5s. to 5s. 6d.-Mutton 5s. to 6s. 4d.-Veal 6s. to 7s. 8d.-Pork 6s. to 7s. 6d. Bacon 5s.-Raw fat 4s. 1d. Corn Exchange: Wheat 64s. to 80s.-. Barley 28s. to 42s.-Oats 20s. to 32s. - The Quartern-loaf in London 12d. to 10d.— Hay 31. 7s. 6d. to 41. 15s.-Clover do. 51. to 71. 10s. Straw 11. 10s. to 11. 18s. Coals in the Pool, 37s. to 45s. 6d. per chaldron. Middlesex, March 21. 0 MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. PRICES OF MERCHANDIZE. Feb. 25. Coffee, Jamaica, ordinary 5 0 fine Mocha Cotton, W. I. common Demerara 0205 356000522! 100005000 5 18 0 5 0 March 28. 0 0 to в 5 12 6 per cwt. ditto. .. 7 6 15 1 0 10 per cwt. per lb. ditto. per cwt. ditto. per ton. ditto. per cwt. ditto. 0 per ton. ditto. per gall. per ton. 0 per cwt. ditto. Rice, Patna kind ditto. Premiums of Insurance...Guernsey or Jersey, 15s.-Cork or Dublin, 15s. 9d.-Belfast, 15s. 9d.-Hambro', 10s. 6d.-Madeira, 20s.-Jamaica, 30s.-Greenland, out and home, 4gs. to 5gs. Course of Exchange, Mar. 25-Amsterdam, 12.-Hamburgh, 36 7.-Paris, 25 45.--Leghorn, 47.-Lisbon, 51.-Dublin, 9 per cent. At Messrs. Wolfe and Edmonds' Canal Office, Change Alley, Cornhill.-Grand Junction CANAL shares sell for 2201. per 1001. share.-- Birmingham (div.) 5251.-Coventry, 9991.Leeds and Liverpool, 3001.-Trent and Mersey, 18001.-East India Dock, 1651. per share. -West India, 1751.-The Strand Bridge, 51. 10s.-West Middlesex Water Works, 401. -GAS LIGHT COMPANY, 601. The 3 per cent. Reduced, on the 28th was 684; 3 per cent. consols, 104; 5 per cent. navy; Gold in bars 61. 17s. 10 d. per oz.-New doubloons, 31. 15s. 6d.--Silver in bars 5s. Id. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BANKRUPTCIES announced between the 20th of Feb. and the 20th of March, 1820: extracted from the London Gazette. 0 4 2 4 6 7 1 4 3 10 0 3 0 6 0 0 95 0 0 60 55 0 0 40 0 30 99386723000 Gidney, J. F. Gravel-hill, Kent, victualler. (Glynes, L.) Gray, M. J. Cannon-street-road, wine merchant. (Vivash.) Glover, C. Braintree, Essex, linen draper. ler, L.) (But Griffin, T. jun. Trentham, Staffordshire, dealer. (Barber, L.) Gleave, S. Warrington, shopkeeper. (Mason, L.) Hatch, W. Eccleston, Lancashire, corn merchant. (Blakelock, L.) Hodgson, M. Sunderland, grocer. (Hindmarsh, L.) Hoosfall, J. Gildersome, Yorkshire, cloth merchant. (Wilson, L.) Horley, E. T. Harbury, Warwickshire, miller, (Burfoot, L.) Hayley, T. Long-acre, coach lace manufacturer. (Beckett.) Hatch, W. P. Shipdham, Norfolk, tanner. bott, L. (Ab Hopkins, J. H. Liverpool, merchant. (Blakstock, L.) Hay, H. High-row, Kensington-gravel-pits, Kensington Boarding-house, keeper. (Phillips, L.) Hoggatt, T. R. Boscastle, Cornwall, draper. (Darke and Co. L.) Herbert, C, Warminster, farmer. (Platt, L.) Hould, S. Laystone, Essex, butcher. (Favell, L.) Holliday, S. Stockport, victualler (Wilson, L.) Jackson, R. Otley, Yorkshire, linen draper. (Few and Co. L.) King, J. Birmingham, wire worker. (Bourdillon, L.) Co. L.) dealer. (Lowes and Levi, J. Wells, Norfolk, cabinet maker. (Blake lock, L.) Langley, J. N. Newcastle-street, Strand, apothecary (Hunt.) Lilley, F. C. Copthall-buildings, Coleman-street, tailor. (Knight.) Lister, J. and J. Bankslay, Longroyd-bridge, Huddersfield, dyers. (Stocker, L.) Lyne, J. and C. Lyne, Finsbury-square, merchants. (Walker.) Littlewood, S. Manchester, dealer. (Appleby, L.) M'Master, J. Norfolk-street, New-road, Mile-end Old Town, master mariner. (Fitzgerald.) Morris, S. Blymhill Lawn, Staffordshire, butcher. (Hicks, L.) Martin, W. Great Ormond-yard, Ormond-street, Queen-square, livery stable keeper. (Vincent.) Mackintosh, J. Kingston, Surrey, maltster. (Blunt, L.) M'Intire, J. Tenby, Pembroke, cattle dealer. (Williams, L.) Makeen, J. Liverpool, livery stable keeper. (Chester, L.) Mathewson, A. H. Gateshead, grocer. (Harley, L.) Oliver, J. Durham, cattle dealer. (Jones, L.) Potter, G. Poplar, grocer. (West, L.) Peters, W. Brecknock, innkeeper. (Clarke, L.) Percival, G. G. Walcot, Somersetshire, common brewer. (Potts, L.) Parkinson, A. J. Duckett and S. Alsop, Manchester, calico printers. (Ellis, L.) Robinson, T. Cambridge, butcher. (Smith, L.) Ringdon, C. Westonsuper Mare, Somersetshire, innholder. (Chilton, L.) Richards, W. Penzance, merchant tailor. (Price, L.) Roantree, W. Prince's-street, Westminster, coach builder. (Doughty.) Samson, M. Dorset place, Clapham-road, Surrey, Exchange broker. (Blunt, L.) Sandbach, J. Liverpool, merchant. Chester,(L.) Synons, T. S. Falmouth, merchant. (Cardill, L.) Salisbury, T. Preston, grocer. (Blakelock, L.) Smith, J. Doncaster, Yorkshire, grocer. kins, L.) (Wat Smith, J. S. Brighthelmstone, Sussex, druggist. (Tucker, L.) Taylor, W. K. Birmingham, dealer in bullion. (Alexander, L.) Thompson, J. Clement's-lane, Lombard-street, provision broker. (Pike.) Tomlinson, W. Hinckley, innkeeper. (Long, L.) Turner, W. and J. North, Mold-green, Yorkshire, fancy clothier. (Lake, L.) Tanner, B. Burr-street, merchant. (Lamb.) Vaughan W. Compton Dands, Somersetshire, maltster. (Nettersole, L) Welman, C. Ilminster, Somerset, linen draper. (Addlington, L.) Wood, J. and J. Thomas, Yorkshire, dyers. (Lake, L.) Watson, P. Liverpool, merchant. GREAT BRITAIN. THE new reign has not hitherto been characterized by that train of circumstances, which it would have given us pleasure to record. There has yet been no act of grace, no amnesty for either political or civil offences; nor have we yet experienced any result of those beneficent feelings, which at similar epochs of national History, usually turn the current of judicial and political severity. The dangerous illness of the Monarch on his accession, may probably have been the cause, and it is therefore in a double sense to be lamented. Notwithstanding the late Laws, which render the repetition of the pretended offences impossible, the prosecutions have continued to be pressed against MESSRS. HUNT and others, for directing the meeting of that body of Petitioners at Manchester, whose tragical dispersion has to this hour escaped punishment. This momentous trial lasted ten days, during which Mr. Hunt ably supported the cause of the people of England in their fundamental right to meet and petition; but the Yorkshire Special Jury, before whom the question was tried, found the following verdict: "Guilty against Messrs. Hunt, Johnson, Knight, Bamford, and Healey, on the fourth count, for procuring and attending a seditious meeting in order to create disaffection and excite contempt of the constitution and go This acquits the parties of any conspiracy, riot, or resistance, and of the charge to alter the constitution and government by force and threats.-The judgment of the court merely held the parties to bail for good behaviour for six month on their own recognizance. And for expressing his opinions of that dispersion, in the unguarded language of strong feeling, SIR FRANCIS BURDETT, the man who has by the public voice been denominated" England's Hope, and Westminster's Pride, been brought to trial before a Leicestershire Special Jury, whose foreman prcnounced him GUILTY. "has And for directing another meeting of Petitioners, at Birmingham, and participating in the mock return of a Legislatorial Attorney, MAJOR CARTWRIGHT, MR. WOOLER, and other distinguished persons, are to be brought to trial at Warwick. And for aiding in meetings of Petitioners in Cheshire, and for using lapguage charged as seditious, SIR CHARLES WOLESLEY, and others, are under indictments in that County. While nearer home, Mr. ALDERMAN WAITHMAN, MR. PARKINS, one of the Sheriffs, and several Patriotic Citizens, are under prosecution for the alledged offence of moving Resolutions at a Common Hall, previous to the routine business of the day. Superadded to these judicial proceedings are those pending against THISTLEWOOD and his associates for permitting themselves to be instigated to plan the assassination of the ministers. The reports in regard to the sources of instigation are painful to hear; and we forbear to detail them, because the whole affair is in train for investigation before a special commission. All these circumstances, together with the General Election, and the Spanish Revolution, have excited a ferment in the public mind from the Land's End to the Orkneys, which has seldom been equalled. The Election has proceeded in a manner which shews that three-fourths of the great body of the people are averse to the system which Ministers have long pursued. In general, popular Candidates have been successful; and where it has been otherwise, some features of the contest have served to neutralize the votes. At any rate, if the grants of money and the public expenditure continue to be diminished; the facilities of corruption will also be so diminished, as to render it less worth while for men to persist in future elections in opposing the public voice, in the hope of obtaining indemnity, and remuneration from public employments or the public money. In our next number we propose to insert a correct list of the New Parliament; but in the present one, we have given place to the Poll, at all the great contests. Though, during all this effervescence, trade is bad, and the revenue not improving, yet the Stocks continue unusually steady, and no perceptible effect has arisen from the Bank of England being obliged to give bullion for its notes. SPAIN. The friends of humanity have been cheered during the month by flattering prospects in Spain, which finally have brightened into a scene of light and liberty, such as has not been witnessed since the glorious epoch of the destruction of the Bastille, in 1789. We always foresaw that principles would triumph over brute force, that the season of disgrace and mourning would in due time be relieved, and that in fine, reason would induce mankind to shake off the influence of priestcraft, and the chains rivetted by the insolence of accidental victory. But the ebullition has taken place in a quarter where it was least expected; and Europe is indebted to SPAIN-to enslaved SPAIN, where the priesthood had endeavoured to destroy every scintillation of reason, and where the government hoped by keeping the people in ignorance, to be able from their mass to draw troops of Cossacks, of whose servility and swords they might avail themselves:-yet to this unfortunate country, and to those very Cossacks among the Spaniards, are mankind indebted for the re-establishment of a constitution, which will restore dignity to the Spanish name and nation, and place a fine country under the domination of reason and patriotism. The hopes of despotism have therefore, failed, in its strong hold; and tyrants who rely on their soldiery rather on due respect for the rights of the people, and the justice of their measures, ought to take this SECOND WARNING, if they are not blinded by pride, and are not insensible of any degree of feeling or reflection. The example of France and of the fate of one branch of the Bourbon family, was, however, it seems, not sufficient to warn even another branch of the same family, nor we suspect even the family itself; and FERDINAND- -“the legitimate,”— "the beloved”- -or by whatever other nick-name he has been designated by the sycophants of his time, after violating every obligation, has at length been compelled to sue to to his insulted people for mercy, and submit without reserve to those constitutional bonds which he ought never to have broken. The revolution has been happily begun, and it will as happily continue, if the Spanish people are not endangered by treachery or bad faith, or are not insulted by foreign interference. The effects on the extensive colonies of Spain cannot at present be anticipated, but as colonies are useful only to corrupt governments as means of patronage no Spaniard will have cause of regret, if they should one after another declare themselves independent. The constitution promulgated by the Cortes appeared in this miscellany in December, 1813, and January, 1814, and we earnestly recommend it to the attention of our readers as a monument of human wisdom, and as the best of all those arrangements of government, which have yet been promulgated. It errs only in denying religious liberty; but this arose from the influence of the priests, and the necessity of conforming to |