Among the articles of intelligence received from the East Indies, none has been more gratifying than that, which announces the establishment of a School Society at Calcutta. This institution, likely to become so beneficial to the subjects of our Indian possessions, was established on the 1st of September, 1818. The committee consists of twenty-four members, of whom sixteen are Europeans, or their descendants, and eight natives of India; and, of the four secretaries, two are always to be natives.

There is also a School Society formed at Bombay, which has published its plan in the Persian, Hindoostanee, and Guzarettu languages.

In Ireland, the benefits of education are spread, with undiminished success. Under the auspices of the society in Dublin, a model school, for 500 children each sex, has been opened. The Hiber-nian Society proceeds with its accustomed vigour, and annually adds to the number of its schools. There are now 480 under its fostering protection, in which 46,976 scholars receive instruction, being an increase, during the last year, of 83 schools, and 14,460 scholars.

Fifth Report of the Female Department.

Mr. G. Fox writes from Sierra Leone, that the numerous schools in that colony are in a flourishing condition. There are 2104 children in these schools receiving daily instruction.

chin, &c.

To NICHOLAS DESFORGES, of Bucklersbury, in the City of London, Merchant; for certain Improvements in propelling Boats and other Vessels. October 31, 1818.

N

VICHOLAS Desforges declares, that the nature of the said invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are as follows:

1

Beneath the bottom of the boat or other vessel which is to be propelled, I apply one or more large wings or vanes which are capable of moving horizontally in the direction of the length of the vessel, by means of ropes or chains, which are conducted upwards to the interior of the vessel. To such ropes the force of men or animals, or of a steam-engine, can be applied to give motion to the said vanes, each of which is so constructed, that when it is moved in a direction from the head of the vessel towards the stern thereof, it will assume a vertical position, and as it moves in an horizontal direction its vertical surface will be opposed to the water, and will be so resisted thereby, that the force which is applied to it will cause the vessel to advance forwards or be propelled through the water; but when the vane has arrived at the end of its course, it is necessary, in order to repeat the action, the vane shall return in the direction from the stern towards the head-in that case the vane

will turn upwards on hinges, and assume an horizontal position, so that the edge of the vane will present itself to the water, and will make so little resistance as not materially to retard the motion of the vessel. Two or more of such vanes or wings are to be applied to the same vessel to act in succession, and one will row the vessel forward whilst the other is returning to repeat its action. -Repertory.

To EDWARD WALL, of Minchinhampton, for certain Improvements on Stage Coaches, and other Descriptions of Carriages.-May 18, 1819.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c. Mr. Wall declares, that his invention consists in an improved carriage body, so arranged that there are two compartments for inside passengers at a distance from each other, and separated by a central luggage box or basket, or a seat or seats for outside passengers, either or both, or all, in order to distribute the load more advantageously than has before been done over the springs, axles, and carriage; and a carriage body where two compartments for inside passengers are at a distance from each other, and separated by a luggage-box or a basket, or a seat or seats for outside passengers, either or both, or all, are entirely new and his invention.--Repertory.

To

The improvement which Mr. Good has effected in the art of tanning, is by rendering the process more economical. He has discovered that the trunk, roots, limbs, branches, and leaves of the oak, whether tree, pollard, coppice, or underwood, possess tanning properties in a sufficient quantity to be employed with advantage in that business, which properties may be best extracted therefrom, by reducing such of the above articles as are large enough for sawing to sawdust, or by chopping the same and the articles of less size into small pieces; and he accordingly claims the exclusive right of using such articles for the aforesaid purpose.

The mode of extracting such tanning properties and of using the same is as follows:-To tan calf or other thin skins, put one hundred weight of the limbs or branches chopped as abovementioned into a copper, containing about sixty gallons of water, and boil till the water be reduced to from thirtyfive to forty gallons; draw off the decoction so produced, and which is to be used as hereafter stated. Add to the same limbs or branches forty gallons of water, and again boil the same till the water be reduced to about twenty-five gallons. The liquor thus produced by the second boiling is used as a weak ooze, and as the first process in tanning such skins after they come from the beam, and afterwards the decoction first produced in the manner in which tanners are in the habit of using oakbark.

To tan hides, take one hundred weight of the limbs or branches, threequarters of a hundred weight of oak sawdust (the sooner the latter is used after being made the better), and one-quarter of a hundred weight of the root, and boil in eighty gallons of water till reduced to from fifty to sixty gallons. Draw off the decoction, and put aside for use as will be mentioned. To the materials left in the copper add sixty gallons of water, and again boil till reduced to from thirty to thirty-five gallons. The liquor produced by such second boiling is employed in the first stage of tanning such hides after they come from the MONTHLY MAG, No. 338.

beam, and afterwards the decoction first produced is employed. The skins and hides having undergone the beforementioned process, add as much oakbark or tar-liquor, or both, to the respective decoctions as is necessary to complete the tanning. The quantity of each will vary according to the strength of such decoctions, which strength will depend on the age and size of the tree, and other circumstances too evident to require their being particularized.

The method which was used for barking or colouring of nets, sails, or other articles, is as follows:-he puts one hundred weight of oak-branches, and one hundred weight of spent bark from any tannery, into one hundred gallons of water, and so in proportion for a greater or less quantity; and after boiling the same till it be reduced to about eighty gallons, he takes the branches and spent bark from the copper by means of any convenient instrument, and then immerges as many nets, sails, or other articles, as the case may be, into the liquor left in the copper as the liquor will admit of, taking care that the said nets, sails, or other articles, be completely covered with the said liquor. He boils the whole together for about three hours, then removes the fire, and suffers the whole to get cool together, after which he removes the nets, sails, or other articles, from the furnace, and hangs them up to dry.

To ROBERT SALMON, of Woburn, Esq.; and WILLIAM WARRELL, of Chenies, Engineer; for certain Improvements aud sundry Apparatus for cooling, condensing, and ventilating Worts, Liquors, and all other Fluids or solid Matters. January 15, 1819.

The shape and sizes, as also the ways of applying this apparatus and process are so various, as to render it impossible to limit a description to any particular shape, size, or application; the patentees, therefore, first, particularize generally the principle of this invention, and then in explanation shew the same by drawings and reference, not confining themselves to such shapes of apparatus or modes of application as they describe, nor to the introduction of, the whole of the described parts together, but to each individual part, together or separate as may be required.

In the first place they explain that the principle of the invention is, the production of cold, by a blast of wind so applied, as to create a constant revolu

2 K

tion

tion in the liquid to be cooled, to act on a large surface of the same, to cause evaporation and production of cold, and to retain the colder particles and leave the calorie at liberty to escape: this evaporation is continued, as long as may be requisite for the purpose of cooling, condensation, or congelation; and where extreme frigidity is wanted, apply the blast in the first place to the surface of cold water, and re-collect and re-conduct such blast again into the condensing machine, so as to re-apply it each time more cold than before in all the apparatus and process, causing the revolving air and exhaled vapour so to pass horizontally on, as to deposit the colder particles, leaving the rarefied and elastic more part to escape, and this principle will be explained by a figure and reference hereafter given; before the introduction of which, and other figures explanatory of this invention, we further particularize the different parts of the apparatus and process as follows:-first, they make use of any or many of the common condensing engines already in use, adapted to the purpose as hereinafter explained; from these they apply the blast on the surface in any direction required, and these are made to take in their air from the atmosphere, or from any well or cellar, or their own blast may be re-conducted and re-applied without increasing the labour of working them.

Secondly, they make such blast to cause a revolution in the liquid to be cooled, so that every part thereof is put in motion, and each particle is made successively to discharge its caloric.

Thirdly, they occasionally introduce other apparatus which they call breakers; against these the liquor is made by its impetuosity to dash and separate, thereby more thoroughly mixing the blast therewith, carrying with it and evaporating part of the liquid, leaving the caloric at liberty by its elasticity to escape, and depositing the colder particles on the revolving fluid.

Fourthly, they also occasionally introduce other apparatuswhich they call descenders; these occasion the surface of the liquor in revolving to descend to the bottom, bringing the bottom to the surface so as to discharge its caloric.

Fifthly, they also occasionally introduce other apparatus, which they call revolving dischargers; these are introduced for cooling liquor in deep vessels; these by the blast are made to revolve and keep the liquor in motion, and by revolving they successively bring up

the caloric to and above the surface, at the same time exposing a large moist surface to the action of the blast, thereby increasing the evaporation, and confining and directing the blast to the surface of the liquor.

Sixthly, they occasionally introduce other apparatus which they call confiners; these are to keep the blast down to the surface of the liquor, to attract the vapour raised from the liquor, and expose it to the blast for evaporation.

Seventhly, they occasionally introduce toher apparatus which they call conductors; these are casings or troughs to reconduct the blast into the fan, after having passed over the surface of the liquor, and after having derived a temperature below the atmosphere.

Having thus defined the principles of the invention, we refer for particulars to the drawings and references in Wyatt's Repertory.

OTHER PATENTS.

To Francis Fox the younger, of Derby, M.D., for his new or improved method of facilitating and ensuring the discharge of fire-arms and artillery of every description. -15th Jan. 1820.

To John Leiberecht Steinhauser, of Moffatt Terrace, City-road, artist; for improvement in portable lanthorns or lamps applicable to various purposes.-15th Jan.

To John Oldham, of South Cumberland Street, esq. for certain further improvements on his former patent, bearing date the 10th day of October 1817, for an improvement or improvements in the mode of propelling ships and vessels on seas, rivers, and canals, by the agency of steam.-15th Jan.

To Joseph Main, of Bagnio-Court, Newgate-street, for an improved method of preparing and spinning wool, cotton, silk, flax, fur, and all other fibrous substances.—

15th Jan.

To James Thom, of Wells-street, St. Mary-le-bone, piano forte maker, and William Allen, of Castle-street, same parish, piano forte maker; for a certain improvement in piano fortes.-15th Jan.

To Mare Isambard Brunel, of Chelsea, engineer, for certain improvements in making stereotype plates.-25th Jan.

To Phillips London, the younger, of Cannon-street, for his method of destroying or decomposing the offensive vapour arising from animal or vegetable matter when heated. 25th Jan.

To Daniel Threadwell, of Newman'scourt, Cornhill, for certain improvements in the construction of printing-presses.-25th Jan.

To John Moody, of Margate, for an ink'stand containing carbonaceous and extrac tive matter in a dry state, which, with the addition of water only, will supply ink.

25th Jan..

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THE principles of the Holy Alliance have been developing themselves, during the month, by some attempts in the French Legislature, in direct contravention of the charter, to place the public journals under a censorship: and a small majority, we are sorry to say, were found to sanction this attempted violation of public principle. In like manner some prosecutions against the press, for the venial offences of retailers, have been pressed with a degree of severity before special juries, which, to say the least, evinces a questionable degree of wisdom in the British cabinet. A counterpoise to these deleterious measures has, however, presented itself in SPAIN, where the "universal Spanish nation" has risen as one man to assert the rights of the people against the improper assumptions of royalty, and the tyranny of unprincipled ministers. The press, in Spain, therefore, is now free, and its future freedom is guaranteed by that beautified constitution which the terrified despot has, at length, sworn to respect. May the same privilege soon be enjoyed by all civilized nations!

A very interesting volume will appear next month, entitled the History of the Rebellion in 1745 and 1746; containing the causes of the Pretender's defeat at Culloden, and a variety of interesting anecdotes, by CHEVALIER JOHNSTONE, Aid-de-camp to Prince Edward; with an account of his subsequent adventures in Scotland, England, Holland, France, Russia, and America. The manuscript was originally deposited in the Scots College at Paris.

A Work called Winter Nights, by NATHAN DRAKE, M. D. author of Literary Hours, &c. &c. will appear in April.

A Narrative of the late Political and Military Events in British India, under the brilliant and liberal administration of the Marquess of Hastings. By HENRY T. PRINCEP, Esq. With maps, plans, and views, will be published in a few weeks.

Early in April will be published, A Journey in Carniola and Italy, in the

years 1817-1818. By W. A. CADELL, Esq. F. R. S. 2 vol. Svo. with thirtythree illustrative engravings.

The personal History of George the Third, undertaken with the assistance of persons officially connected with the late King; and dedicated, by permission to his present Majesty, by EDWARD HAWKE LOCKER, Esq. F. R. S. will soon appear, handsomely printed, with portraits, fac-similes, &c. in 4to.

Mr. MALTHUS announces the Principles of Political Economy considered, with a View to their Practical Application.

Mr. JAMES GREY JACKSON, late British Consul at Santa Cruz, South Barbary, and resident merchant upwards of sixteen years in various parts of the empire of Marocco, professor of Arabic, and author of an account of the empire of Marocco, and the districts of Susa, Tafilet, Timbuctoo, &c. has in the press, and will publish next month, in one volume 8vo. an Account of Timbuctoo and Housa, territories in the interior of Africa, by EL HAGE ABD SALAM SHABEENIE, a native of Marocco, who personally visited and resided as a merchant in those interesting countries, with notes, critical and explanatory. which will be added, Letters descriptive of several Journeys through West and South Barbary, and across the Mountains of Atlas.

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The Life of the Right Honourable R. B. Sheridan, by THOMAS MOORE, Esq. with a portrait, is in progress; as well as the Works of the same writer, now first collected and edited.

The New Cyclopædia; or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, by ABRAHAM REES, D. D. F. A. S. L. S. &c. will be completed in one more part, making seventy-eight, which will be published in a few weeks.

Mr. LEIGH HUNT, author of Rimini, will soon publish a Translation of Amyntas, a Tale of Woods, from the Italian of Torquato Tasso. This work will be embellished with a highly-finished Portrait of Tasso

On the 1st of April will be published,
No.

No. 1. of the Works of Hogarth, from the whole of the original plates lately in the possession of Messieurs Boydell; and others engraved by eminent artists: the whole under the superintendance of JAMES HEATH, Esq. accompanied by Explanations of the various subjects, by JOHN NICHOLS, Esq. The whole work will consist of about 130 plates, containing 150 subjects, with occasional sheet of letter-press, and it will be divided into 23 or 24 monthly Numbers.

The next Number of the Journal of New Voyages and Travels, will consist of Mollien's Travels in Africa to the sources of the Gambia, with plates. It will be followed, in May, by Pertusier's Promenade round Constantinople, with splendid engravings.

An interesting Journal, under the title of "Annals of Oriental Literature," to be published quarterly, will appear on the first of May. The Editors mean to devote a large portion of their work to a critical account of productions on oriental subjects; to communicate early notices of all such publications to British orientalists. The eastern regions of Asia still have much worthy of being explored and the vast fund of literary treasures which China presents, will not be overlooked; the portion of Africa, which lies to the east of Europe, will be classed, without impropriety, under the head of Oriental Literature. The plan is to publish an octavo volume, of nearly 200 pages quarterly. Each part is to be divided into three sections the first devoted to original essays, translations, &c.-the second to reviews of oriental works-the third, to short notices of books, and miscellaneous intelligence. We repeat on this as on other occasions, that we shall consider this work as one of the sources by which to add to the interest of our own Miscellany.

The Fall of Jerusalem, a Dramatic Poem, by H. H. MILMAN, M. A. author of Fazio, 8vo. is now printing.

The first volume of the Comedies of Aristophanes, translated from the Greek, with numerous illustrative notes, by THOMAS MITCHELL, A. M. late Fellow of Sidney-Sussex College, Cambridge, will be published in a few weeks.

Travels, in 1816 and 1817, through Nubia, Palestine, and Syria; in a series of familiar Letters to his Relations, written on the spot, by Captain MANGLES, R.N. are printing.

The History of the late War in Spain,

by ROBERT SOUTHEY, author of Wat Tyler, &c. is in preparation.

The History of the Indian Archipelago, by JOHN CRAWFORD, Esq. F. R. S. late British resident at the Court of the Sultan of Java, with illustrative maps and numerous engravings, is in preparation. In a few days will appear, Tales of the Priory, 3 vols. 12mo. by Mrs. HOFland.

Mr. JACOB is printing his Travels through Holland, Germany, and Part of France in 1819, with References to their Statistics, Agriculture, and Manufactures.

A History of the several Italian Schools of Painting, with Observations on the present State of the Art.

A Picturesque Tour from Geneva over Mount Simplon to Milan, one volume, with thirty-six coloured engravings, is preparing for publication.

A Mineralogical Dictionary, is in preparation; comprising an alphabetica. nomenclature of mineralogical synonymes, and a description of each substance. To which is prefixed an explanation of the terms used in describing the external characters, and chrystalline structure and forms of minerals. It will be illustrated by numerous plates, many of those relating to the theory of chrystallography, are entirely original.—The whole to be engraved by Mr. and Miss LowRY.

The Rev. ALEX. STEWART, author of the Lives of Blair, and Robertson, has in the press a History of Great Britain, from the Accession of George III. till his death.

A new interesting volume of Natural History will shortly appear under the title of TOXIDERMY, or the art of collecting, preparing, and mounting objects of Natural History, for the use of Museums and Travellers.

Early in the month will be published, CHEVY CHACE, a Poem, founded on the Ancient Ballad, with other Poems.

Mr. FREDERICK NASH, having been employed at intervals, during the last three years in Paris, in making Drawings of its principal buildings and the surrounding Scenery, proposes to publish a series of Engravings (in number from fifty to sixty) under the title of Views in Paris and its environs.