worth also celebrates with pride the heroism of his 38th regiment of New York volunteers, in their dash upon the enemy and recapture of Rickett's battery, from which its defenders had been driven, and other acts of valor. A word too is due to stout Captain Blenker's (in command of the 1st brigade of the reserve) resistance of the enemy, and, what was more, his successful regulation of the retreat at and about Centreville. been saved, as it was abandoned at or near this crossing. Such a rout I never witnessed before. No efforts could induce a single regiment to form after the retreat had commenced. Our artillery was served admirably and did much execution. Some of the volunteer regiments behaved very well, and much excuse can be made for those who fled, as few of the enemy could at any time be seen. Raw troops cannot be expected to stand long against an unseen enemy. I have been unable to obtain any report from the Zouaves, as Colonel Farnham is still at hospital. Since the retreat more than three-fourths of the Zouaves have disappeared." The disorganization of the Zouaves, in fact, was so complete that, ten days after the battle, not a fourth of them could be got together at their camp. Many efforts were made for their reunion, which, after various mishaps, was par-longed indefinite duration of the national tially accomplished. The regiment was reorganized and sent to Fortress Monroe, but in the course of the ensuing year was finally disbanded. Colonel Noah L. Farnham, the successor of Ellsworth in command of the regiment, died the month following the battle, at Wash-fighting under a midsummer's sun, were, ington, in his thirty-third year, of wounds received in the engagement—a man of courage, energy and steady resolution. By the station of the Zouaves Colonel Gorman's 1st Minnesota regiment was brought into action, and sustained the fire of the enemy at the distance of fifty or sixty feet. So close was the contest that prisoners were taken on both sides, the Unionists carrying off LieutenantColonel Boone of Mississippi, of "the highest rank taken in the battle." One fifth of the whole regiment were killed, wounded, or made prisoners before the rest retired. Lieutenant-Colonel Farns These instances might be multiplied, but enough has been indicated to relieve the conduct of the Union troops at Bull Run from the wholesale aspersions so freely thrown upon them by careless or interested assailants both in this country and Europe. The place and time of the engagement, its position at the crisis of the war, determining as it did the pro conflict; all gave it an importance which, simply as a contest of armed men, it was hardly entitled to. An undisciplined force of raw recruits less than three months in camp, after a fatiguing march into an enemy's country, and hours of after gaining signal advantages, overcome by new assaults of fresh troops reinforced by constant accessions. This was the fight of Bull Run, in itself far from a decisive victory, since the conquerors gained none of the advantages which, had that been the case, they should have promptly attained. Washington was before them, and by its possession they might, perhaps, have secured to themselves the objects for which they had originally taken up arms; yet, victorious as they were, they were too irresolute or too much exhausted to stretch forth a hand to seize the prize. That, RETURNS OF KILLED AND WOUNDED. 407 indeed, would have been a triumph. In the army in ammunition, provisions and the opinion of many who witnessed the transportation, prevented any serious retreat, and the consequent confusion at thoughts of advancing against the capithe capital, it might have been success- tal." fully accomplished. That it was not done, or even attempted, argues even more than the elaborate recapitulation of their deeds of valor in the official report of their commander, the substantial prowess of their foe. So obvious, in fact, is the question, that General Beauregard has felt it incumbent on himself to answer it. He gives as a part of the reasons, proper to be communicated for the neglect, these statements: "An army which had fought like ours on that day against uncommon odds, under a July sun, most of the time without water and without food, except a hastily snatched meal at dawn, was not in condition for the toil of an eager, effective pursuit of an enemy immediately after the battle. On the following day an unusually heavy and unintermitting fall of rain intervened to obstruct our advance with reasonable prospect of fruitful results. Added to this, the want of a cavalry force of sufficient numbers, made an efficient pursuit a military impossibility." General Johnston, who has also something to say on this matter, frankly admits that he considered an offensive movement against the capital after the battle utterly impracticable. "The apparent firmness,” he says, "of the United States troops at Centreville, who had not been engaged, which checked our pursuit, the strong forces occupying the works near Georgetown, Arlington and Alexandria - the certainty, too, that General Patterson, if needed, would reach Washington with his army of 30,000 men sooner than we could, and the condition and inadequate means of It remains to count the immediate loss of this hotly-contested day-the returns of killed and wounded-what Wellington, with more rough truth than elegance, is said to have called "the butcher's bill." It is thus reported by the respective commanders. General McDowell, from the returns of his officers, reports the Union loss at 19 officers and 462 non-commissioned officers and privates killed, and 64 officers and 947 non-commissioned officers and privates wounded. 1,216 were reported missing. General Beauregard tells us, without distinction of rank, that of the Confederate forces, the killed outright numbered 269, the wounded 1,483. He calculates the number of prisoners of the Union army taken, "including the wounded who did not die," as not less than 1,600. An abstract list found at Manassas after the evacuation gives 550 wounded and 871 not wounded, sent to Richmond and the various hospitals. General Johnston, in his report of the day, states the result somewhat differently, making the aggregate of the Confederate loss 378 killed, 1,489 wounded, and 30 missing. these he assigns to the army of the Potomac 108 killed, 510 wounded, and 12 missing; to the army of the Shenandoah 270 killed, 979 wounded, and 18 missing. He claims as the spoils of the day, 28 pieces of artillery, about 5,000 muskets, nearly 500,000 cartridges, a garrison flag, and 10 colors captured in the field or in the pursuit ; and besides these, 64 artillery horses with their harness, 26 wagons and much camp equipage, clothing, and other property left behind. Of CHAPTER XXVII. INCIDENTS OF THE ENGAGEMENT. his men.* The body of Colonel Cameron was carried from the battle-ground in an ambulance, and left on the retreat to be buried with others by the rebels in a common grave. Active efforts were made immediately after the engagement by his friends and family at Washington to procure the remains for more honorable interment, but owing to the manner in which the war was conducted, they proved ineffectual. Two gentlemenMessrs. Arnold Harris and H. S. McGraw, formerly State Treasurer of Pennsylvania, visited the field the day after the battle in search of the remains, were seized as prisoners of War and sent to Richmond, where they were detained for months, and part of the time close prisoners. Mr. Harris, relying on his ac A NUMBER of gallant officers of the Union army fell in the battle of Bull Run. Among the foremost in rank was Colonel James Cameron, brother of the Secretary of War, who was mortally wounded while leading his regiment, the New York 79th Highlanders, at the height of the engagement. He was a native of Philadelphia, a printer and editor in early life, and had acquired reputation and fortune in his active furtherance of the public improvements and industrial interests of his State. His acquaintance with military affairs as Colonel of the militia, seconded by his public spirit and the eminent position of his brother in the Government, doubtless influenced him in leaving his luxuriant retirement on the banks of the Susquehanna and accepting the command in the discharge of which he nobly per-quaintance with the Southern leaders to ished. He was fifty-two years old at the time of his death. He fell mortally struck by a bullet in his left breast whilst conversing with a lieutenant of the regiment in relation to taking off the wounded, dying on the instant. It was said that he owed his death to the rifle of Colonel Wade Hampton of South Carolina, who took repeated aim at him as he gallantly led on his regiment. One of his biographers compares his fate to that of Colonel Cameron of the British 79th, from which the regiment had taken its designation, an officer who fell at Fuentes de Onoro, killed by a French Colonel who seized a musket from one of secure the humane object for which he set out, addressed the following note to General Beauregard : "Sir,-I send this by a friend and trusty servant who is well known to many officers in your army. He is sent for the purpose of obtaining from you a permit for Mr. H. S. McGraw and myself to pass your lines to obtain the body of Colonel Cameron, who fell in the action of yesterday. My solicitude in this matter is an impulse of private character. The rigid rules established at Washington with reference to flags of truce, prevent me from carrying out my wishes without proceeding as I * Shea's Fallen Brave. Art. Colonel James Cameron. AN APPEAL TO GENERAL BEAUREGARD. am now doing. I believe General B. 409 wards could, to a certain extent, by subordinate officers and by special acts, be yielded to a state of actual warfare without compromising the principles of government at stake. In fact, a modification of the original course in the transmission of flags of truce, the exchange of prisoners and other matters, became a necessity of the war. Had Colonel Cameron been on the other side, and fallen to the care of the Unionists, his remains would, if we may judge from the tenderness which had then been already bestowed in the case of General Garnett, have been cared for and forwarded with every mark of respect without solicitation or needless anxiety to his family and friends. rassments necessarily arising from the theory held by the Federal Government of its attitude, not of making foreign war, but of suppressing an internal rebellion. The Confederates, naturally eager to maintain their independent sovereignty in the eyes of the world, were jealous of nearly all your officers know me. In the punctilio which, it was found afteraddition to the gratification of performing a sacred duty, I would be highly delighted to meet in your camp many of my most valued friends. It is proper for me to add that I have not been in any manner connected with the action of the Government here, and that I am a neutral." To this appeal the following reply was made by General Beauregard, through his aide-de-camp Manning :"The General declines giving an informal permit to any one residing beyond his advanced lines for any purpose which may be accomplished by those formal proceedings known to and practiced by civilized belligerent nations. By no act of his will he lower the dignity of the Confederate States as a nation, by permitting that to be done indirectly which the usages of civilized warfare accomplish directly. The arbitrary and unusual course adopted in such cases as you refer to by the United States Government will be the guide of the General's conduct in return. Any one, therefore, coming within his lines without the proper flag, will be sent under an escort to the Confederate Government for examination. The General deems proper for me to add, that humanity should teach an enemy to care for its wounded, and Christianity to bury its dead." A letter was also addressed to General Beauregard shortly after the battle by Mrs. Sarah Z. Evans, the sister of Colonel Cameron at Washington, asking information respecting her brother. "With a grieved and torn heart," she wrote, "I address you. 'I address you. If it is in your power, will you give a word of comfort to a distressed spirit? I allude to the death of the gallant Colonel Cameron, of the Federal army, on last Sunday, the 21st of July. We are all God's creatures, alike in his sight. It is a bereaved sister that petitions. Colonel Cameron received two The refusal of General Beauregard, on shots, immediately following each other, the ground of the Confederate States not that destroyed his life. The fate of his being recognized as an independent bel- body is the grief-to know what has beligerent nation, was one of the embar-come of it. Think of the distress of a tleman of this State, Mr. Kinlaw Fauntleroy, a private in Colonel Stuart's cavalry brigade, has in his possession a miniature portrait of Colonel Cameron and wife, which he intends to return to their friends after the war; for at present no intercourse of the kind is admissible between the two contending parties." The remains of Colonel Cameron were thus left uncoffined in a dishonored grave till the enemy having finally departed from the field before the long deferred approach of the Union army, the burial place was detected through information given by a negro, and the relics, as they could be gathered, were separated from the promiscuous dead and carried by the family of the deceased to a reverent interment. like nature in Southern families, and let us forgive as we hope to be forgiven. All that we have been able to learn is, that Colonel C. was carried to a farmhouse near the scene of battle. He had letters in his pocket declaring his name and station. He was rather a large man, with sandy hair, somewhat gray, dressed in gray clothes. Have mercy on the bowed spirit that laments for the beloved lost that would be comforted to know he had received decent burial. Notwithstanding the war, we are all brothers. 'God prosper the righteous cause.' In pity, have inquiries made, for the love a sister bears a brother, and may God show you mercy in time of trouble." To this touching epistle, General Beauregard, on the 5th of August. wrote the following reply: "Madam,- The brigade of General Sherman, to Your letter of the 26th ultimo has been which Colonel Cameron's regiment was received, making some inquiries relative attached, met with another loss in the to the body of your late brother, Colonel capture of Colonel Michael Corcoran of Cameron, United States Army, killed at the New York 69th, Irish regiment, who Manassas on the 21st ultimo. In answer, was destined to afford, in the varying I will state that, upon inquiry, I find he fortunes of his imprisonment, a promiwas interred with several other bodies nent illustration of the policy of the war. in a grave about 200 yards from the Long after others were released from house of a Mrs. Dogan, on the battlefield, confinement, he was held as a hostage, who attended herself to this sad duty- and his life was for a time threatened to forgetting in her goodness of heart that save from execution the Southern privathese very foes had brought destruction teers who were tried in Northern ports and destitution upon her home and fire- as pirates. The birth, soldierly qualities side—and that they had crossed into her and estimable character of Colonel Corcountry for the purpose of subverting its coran excited much sympathy and anxiinstitutions and the form of government ety for his fate from his fellow-citizens it had chosen, as a free people, to estab- generally, and especially from his counlish for itself. Indeed, I fully agree with trymen, the natives of Ireland, who were you. May all the distress of this unholy so largely represented in the war. He war be visited upon the heads of those was the son of an officer in the British who are responsible for it, and may the service, had received a limited education, Almighty Ruler of the Universe, in His been employed in the Irish Constabulary infinite goodness and wisdom, (continue force, and in 1849, at the age of twentyto) prosper the righteous cause! A gen-two, had emigrated to New York, where |