ANNUAL OF THE 31947 UNIVERSAL MEDICAL SCIENCES A YEARLY REPORT OF THE PROGRESS OF THE GENERAL SANITARY SCIENCES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. EDITED BY CHARLES E. SAJOUS, M. D., LECTURER ON LARYNGOLOGY AND RHINOLOGY IN JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA, ETC., AND SEVENTY ASSOCIATE EDITORS, ASSISTED BY OVER TWO HUNDRED CORRESPONDING EDITORS, COLLABORATORS, AND CORRESPONDENTS. Illustrated with Chromo-Lithographs, Engravings and Mays. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1888, by F. A. DAVIS, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C. Philadelphia: The Medical Bulletin Printing House, No. 1231 Filbert Street. PREFACE. As THE object of the ANNUAL OF THE UNIVERSAL MEDICAL SCIENCES is to collate the progressive features of medical literature at large, and clinical data from countries in which no literature exists, and to present the whole once a year in a continued form, prepared by writers of known ability. such it is expected to become a helpmate to the practitioner in his efforts to relieve suffering, and to assist the investigator by correlating facts, thus enabling him to better compare. How far these ends have been attained the editor leaves to the decision of the profession,-to which he humbly dedicates the work, with the assurance that he has striven conscientiously to do his duty. Το the gentlemen forming the associate staff the successful issue of the ANNUAL is principally due, the support they so promptly granted it when the plan was first presented to them, and their subsequent interest during the year-not to speak of their valuable contributions-having proven most potent elements in the consummation of the work. As to the corresponding staff, the columns of the ANNUAL will show how useful their contributions have been in the preparation of the general articles. To them, also, the editor wishes to express his gratitude, and the hope that they will appreciate as much as he does the value of their assistance. He much regrets that very interesting papers by Professor Rossbach, of Jena, Professor Sänger, of Leipsic, Professor Maklakoff, of Moscow, Dr. Arthur Neve, of Bombay, Dr. Thompson, of Petchaburee, Siam, Dr. John |