36. ακλεΐ.] In the accufative fingular of fuch adjelives as Ακλεης and Υγιης, of which the nominative ends in us pure, the Attic change into a.-This canon fhould never be infringed. The Etymologift fays, V. Ασεβης, p. 152. 23. Το Ε και Αλφα εις Η κιρναίας, ηνικα προ τ8 Ε ́ εστι σύμφωνον · εἰ δὲ καθαρον, και εις Α και εις Η, τον ευφυέα, και ευφυη, και ευφυα-This laft is the Attic form. Thomas Magifter, p. 864. Ύγια κρείττον, η ύγιηbecaufe the Attics, he adds, always make the crafis into A, when the nominative is pure, τες δε κοινές εις Η.-Meris. Ύγια, Ατίίκως. ύγιν, Ἑλληνικως. — Euftathius, in Odyf. Δ. p. 1515. 1. 64. Ed. Rom. P. 196. 1. 11. Ed. Bafil. Τα δε ακλεης, ή μεν κοινη αιτιατική, ακλεξα και ακλέη. ως το, ύγιες, υγιη. και ευφυεα, ευφυή. ή δε Αττικη, ακλέα (fic legendum videtur pro ευκλέα) καλα τον ύγια και τον ευφυάδο in Thucydides, γ. 34. p. 186. 69. σων και ύγια. Το there authors may be added, foames Gram. or Anonymus fcriptor de Dial. poft Greg. Corinth. p. 317. Ετι της Ατθίδος αντι το εύφύη και ύγιη, ευφυα και για λεγειν. — Confult Dorvill. in Charit. p. 359. Phavor. V. ύγια.

37. Σε σθενος θεοδότον· εἰς τελι ρεπει,

In the Tragedies, we find Θεοφίλης, Θεογονος. Θεόδμητος. Θερα δοκος. Θεομάνης. Θεοπονητος. Θεόπυρος. Θεοσεβής. Θεολόγης. Θεο γέννης. Θεοπροπος.-Θεοδότος does not occur. It is used, indeed, as well as Θεοσδαίος *, by Pindar. The tragic poets ufe Θεοθεν, which is frequently found in the Choral Odes of the three t, and once in the Iambics of Euripides. Hec. 593.

Τυχεσα χαιρε θεόθεν, εν σταχυν φερει.

1

It is to be obferved, that the tragic writers allo ufe Διαβολος. Δι γενείωρ. Διογένης. Διοθεν. Διοπείης, and Efchylus has Διαστολος. Sept. Theb. 955. Διοσοοίων αχεων, in the Chorus, and in the Eu menides, 629.

Διοσδόλοις σκηπτροισι τιμαλφέμενον.

This word, for obvious reafons, Mr. Glaffe could not ufe, and we wish to have a proper example of Odios produced.

The end of this line εις τέλι ρεπειfrom the word τούλι, is evidently borrowed from Ariftophanes, Plut. 51.

Ουκ εσθ' όπως ο χρησμος εἰς ΤΟΥΤΟ ρεπει.

So Brunck reads from three MSS. ; and Mr. Glaffe hould have written ες τέλο - Ts cannot be tolerated in tragedy. We re

* Yet he has alfo in Ifthm. V. 29. θεοδόξων εργων : though in Pyth. V. 16. we find θεοσδόλον δυναμι», on which the Scholiaft: το δε Θεοσδόλον, αλτι τα Θεοδότου, είπε. See Etym. M. 461. 16. Hefych. Suicer. V. Θεσσούλος»

+ Arch. Perf. 102. Choeph. 940. Eur. Οr. 160. 355. 974. φθονος θισθεν. Phan. 269. Med. 1281. Hipp. 1126. 1361. in Anap. Διδυμον μελάθροις Πενθος Θεοθεν καταληπίον. Rhef. 199. Θεσθεν δικα. Ιon. 521. Η. Fur. 921.

Conf. Salm. Epit, ad Menagium de Heinai Trag. p. 13.

marked

marked in the note on V. 3. the impropriety of using 'Odi in tragic lambics. Objections of the fame nature may be urged against Tal. The examples of this comic pronoun in the Tragedies undoubtedly demand correction. Euripides, Oenom. ap. Stob. XCVII. p. 538.

Ενεστι παίζων πρώτον ειδέναι τελι.

Grotius, XCIX. p. 415. in order to efcape Charybdis, falls into Scylla.

Ενεσί πανίων (Err. typ. ταίων) τεῖς πρώτον ειδεναι. Mulgrave reads: Er'd alwv neulov, ev d'aurail' e-which removes the error, indeed, but feems liable to objection. Tal hould be changed into Tode.-Eis is never used in Tragedy, where the verse admits es, as Dawes has remarked.- Let εs rulo paz be the reading. Inftances of fhort vowels lengthened before an initial g may be found in Samson, V. 228. Tivi pułμy. 1197. σε ρυθῳ. 1994. πολυ ροδον.

Another example of this kind is found in Euripides, Suppl. 154. Tauli dina wv-Markland, though faintly, conjectures exδικητών.—Εκδικάζειν occurs in the fame play, 1214, and Εκδικειν in Helen. 1654.

V. 38. Tugyou opea ducebes-ut profana opera.] Oga is a poetical word, and fcarcely can have a place in Iambics. EfchyJus ufes it in a Chorus of his Eumenides. 339. Opg' av you

-as Sophocles does in one of his Electra, 225. Opea μs Gios Exn.-Toppa is in a Chorus, V. 158. of Samfon.

It is now time to conclude the opening review of Mr. Glaffe's Samfon Agoniftes. In our next number, this fubject will be purfued. Againft the mode of criticifm which we follow, fome objections may doubtless be ftarted; and we feel ourselves fituated in fome degree like Cicero, when he began writing his work De finibus bonorum et malorum.-Many, indeed, of those who may be inclined to cenfure the plan, will find their ideas, mutatis mutandis, in fome measure, controverted in his Introduction.

On any point of difpute, the arguments of a friendly opponent will be heard with attention; but it is requefted, that thole who are inclined to condemn the critique, not on general principles, but merely on account of its length, or a fuppofed excels of minutenefs, or an imputed deficiency of liberality, will confider well the very nature of criticism-Qui autem, fi maximè hoc placeat, moderatius tamen id volunt fieri, difficilem quandam temperantiam poflulant in eo, quod femel admiffum coerceri reprimique non poteft: ut propemodum juftioribus utamur illis qui omnino avocent ano ang KaiTinne, quam iis, qui rebus infinitis modum conflituant: in reque eo meliore, qua major fit, mediocritatem defiderent. CICERO de finib. ban, et mal. fub. init.

[To be continued. 】

ART. II. Agriculture the primary Interest of Britain. By David Young, Author of National Improvements. 8vo. 406 Pages. 6s. Boards. Elliot and Co. 1788..

IN

N this fecond performance of Mr. David Young of Perth, we difcover the fame characteristic features that we noticed in his book on national improvements [See Rev. Dec. 1786]; though the difagreeable peculiarities are fomewhat foftened. The fame defultory manner of writing every where prevails; the fame proneness to phyfical difquifitions which are far above his reach; the fame tendency to political investigations that require other talents; and the fame bafis of agricultural knowlege buried among heaps of rubbish, which greatly tend to diminish its intrinfic value, are ftill obfervable. The language, however, is more free from provincial idioms, and is much more intelligible; the phyfical difquifitions are not quite fo much brought for ward; and though political investigations may, perhaps, be thought more numerous than neceffary, they are, in general, fo much in the common ftyle of those who do not think deeply on thefe fubjects, that they will be lefs offenfive to ordinary readers-fo that, on the whole, we find this a more agreeable performance than the former; and as we meet with feveral interefting facts, and important obfervations, on agricultural fubjects, we fhall felect a few of them for the information of our readers.

The chief scope of the book feems to be to recommend the fubject of agriculture to the notice of statesmen, as being an object of greater national importance than manufactures or commerce. Perhaps, the pofition will not be denied by many perfons, though they may differ from the author, and from each other, when they confider what may be the most effectual way of encouraging agriculture. Mr. Young's remarks on this fubject, on the prices of provifions, their influence on the profperity of the farmer, the prefent ftate of agriculture in Great Britain, and other preliminary fubjects, are at leaft harmlefs; and though fomewhat wild, his fchemes for improving the agriculture of this country are not altogether vifionary. Ufeful hints frequently occur, of which a judicious perfon may avail himself, and which deferve to be attended to. Among these we would rank the following difquifition:

The general fact, that a great proportion of land is employed in raising the food of horses, is obvious to every one. Yet few perhaps would fuppofe, that the maintenance of a horfe is four times as great as that of a man.

The following account, which I received fome years ago from a nobleman's fteward in Scotland, will throw confiderable light on this fubject. The whole of the bread and beer ufed in this nobleman's fa

mily, was baked and brewed in the house. Forty bolls of wheat, and forty bolls of malt ferved the family a year. But the reader will perhaps be astonished to learn, as I confefs I was at first hearing it, that the family horfes, and those of vifitors, confumed above three hundred bolls of oats + per annum. Nor did the nobleman keep a large ftud. The perfons of the family who ate daily in the house were more numerous than the horses; befides which, a confiderable number of workmen and poor people were daily supplied with bread and drink.

In reflecting afterwards upon the above relation, I was fully convinced of its truth; for it may be easily proved, that all carriage horfes coft as much as would maintain four plowmen at least, according to the manner in which labouring people live in Scotland. Each horfe will eat a peck I of oats per day, befides hay. Now, I gave my ploughmen two pecks of meal per week, and a Scots pint of milk each day, or fixpence a week. Nor was this an infufficient allowance for although the men had nothing to live on but the meal and milk, and perhaps did not eat a pound of fiefh or fifh in a year, yet they looked well, and were fully capable of performing their labour . Nay, they commonly faved a part of their meal, which they fold.

Again, allowing four feeds per day to a horfe, the amount in a year is twenty-two bolls, thirteen pecks. This is the whole produce of four acres of good ground, at five and a half bolls, or four quarters for each acre; and which is more than the average of any county ¶.

To this must be added at least one stone of hay per day for each horfe; which is the product of two acres, at one hundred and eighty flone, or one ton and three-fourths for each acre, and which is about the general average of hay crops in good seasons.

I have known my plough horfes eat two ftones of hay and two feeds of oats per day; fo that, in fact, the keeping of farm horfes, when fed with corn and hay, is as expenfive as that of carriage horses.

From the preceding calculation it appears, that to fupport a carriage horse, the produce of fix acres of good ground is required.

We have frequently occafion to complain that writers on agricature are fo inattentive as not to explain the contents of the weights and measures which they use, though it is well known that in many cafes, as in the prefent inftance, the reader can form no judgment of the facts flated without this accuracy.

+ Quere-What is a Scotch boll of oats? We fee, a little below, that 5 bolls are equal to 4 quarters.

Qu. again, a peck? We fhould fuppofe it, from the circumftance here mentioned, to be about one-third, or perhaps half a bufhel, Winchester.

§ Qu. again, a peck of meal? We have been told it is eight pounds.

This fact fhould prove that animal food is not abfolutely neceffary for a labouring man. How does this accord with M. Herreníchwand's theory?

The curious reader, from this data, may ascertain what is the exact contents of a Scotch boll of oats.

This extent of land, even by the common mode of cultivation, will maintain four men; but if laboured with the spade, would support

twelve.

Now, as the population of any country can only increase in the proportion to the means of fubfiftence it poffeffes, it evidently appears, that to multiply the breed of horses, is to deftroy the human race; and that whoever keeps an unnecessary horse, is facrificing four of his own species on the altar of Vanity.

The views which this calculation fuggeft are many and important; let it be extended to dogs and game.

The following hint deferves alfo to be attended to, though the idea is not quite new :

It may be very difficult to afcertain which is the most valuable field for pafture; but the fureft way would be to weigh all the cattle before they went into each field, and to be certain that they have neither got meat nor water for twelve hours before weighed; and to weigh them after the whole pasture was confumed, at the latter end of the feafon, provided they flood twelve hours without meat and drink, before they were taken out of the field.

By fubtracting the weight of the lean cattle when they went into the field, from the weight of the fame cattle when they went out, would show the increase of weight of the cattle in each field.'

Doubtlefs this would be the cafe; but without certain precautions, which ought to have been fpecified, it would not fhew the refpective value of the fields: fome kinds of cattle will increase much more in weight with the fame quantity of food than others.

The following is a fcheme of management which Mr. Y. proposes to be adopted in Ayrshire, where they have much ground, we are told, inclofed and in grafs; with plenty of lime and coal near at hand, and good roads:

In the course of ten years (he fays) the produce might be fix times what it is at prefent, if the whole county were to adopt an univerfal and regular courfe of cropping. Suppofe the whole county were to begin and break up a tenth part of all their grafs grounds each year, and fow it with oats or lint, the old grafs grounds would produce very great crops.'

In proof of this pofition, he adds:

Mr. Foulis of Irvine told me, that, a few years ago, fome of Lord Eglinton's parks in old grafs were fet, for plowing, at nine pounds per acre for each year; and the perfons that took them were gainers, although they were at the expence of the whole labour and feed.'

This is a most extraordinary rent, it must be owned; but there is no contending against facts. Mr. Y. ftrenuously maintains, with Lord Kaims, the propriety of changing old grafs land into corn, and the reverfe, corn land into grafs and we are inclined to think that, in general, this is a beneficial practice, though it admits of exceptions.

The fecond year, from grafs fummer fallow; and then limed.