autumn fruit, possessing much delicacy and richness, and an exceedlingly agreeable flavor, and great bearer. But it must be eaten at the moment it is at its best state, and it nearly always becomes poor when sent to long distances.

THE SECOND EVENING was occupied with the discussion of the PEAR BLIGHT and the CURCULIO. In relation to the former, it was generally admitted that the knife was the best remedy-thorough, prompt, and, if needed, repeated excision generally proving effectual, except in very virulent cases. Some trees, it was stated, had been repeatedly attacked with blight in different years, and by cutting had been saved, and were now in a healthy bearing condition. In other cases, the disease had been so severe as to destroy the tree at once. Sometimes, as Dr. Warder of Cincinnati observed, the blight first made its appearance at the foot of the trunk, when of course no remedy could be applied. When severe, the disease was generally regarded as contagious.

As to its immediate cause, nothing satisfactory was claimed by any one. Like the potato rot, the more extensive and minute the observations, the less appeared to be ascertained. P. Barry strongly advocated the insect theory; but as no insect was ever seen," and as all other injuries or poisons to vegetables by insects are quite local in character, the evidence was regarded as too slender to support this theory, and the convention did not favor it.

1. That the best table pea, is Hair's new mammoth Dwarf Marrow, combining dwarf size (two feet) with great productiveness and unequalled richness. Darey Marrowfat is the largest pea I have ever seen, but Hair's is only next in size, and superior in other respects to that and the Victoria marrowfat, and some dozen other of the choicest peas from the London market, which I have proved. I prefer the Early Emperor pea to any other early Pea. The Champion of England is fine, but only a week or two earlier than Hair's, and decidedly inferior in all other respects. I obtained Hair's Dwarf Pea from Thorburn, N. Y., two years ago, and the Darey Marrow. fat from a friend who left London in February last.

2. I cannot tell whether the Early Shaws I received from Columbia County, or the premium Potato of Mr. Smith of Buffalo, at the State Fair at Syracuse, is the best early potato. They have both proved earlier this season in my garden, than the ash-leaved kidney, and are both of very superior quality and size.

One of Mr. Killam's seedlings, from Mexico, N. Y., I rather think surpasses in quality the Carter, or any other potato I have tried, and is almost as early as the two first mentioned, and is decidedly the finest potatoe I have ever seen.

3. We still prefer the Celery, or as thought to be, the Curled Silesia Lettuce, to any other of the more cele brated varieties. It has a finer flavor, and retains it bet

4. We have monstrous gooseberries in my garden this season-larger than Crompton's Sheba Queen, but none that at all compare with it in flavor.

For the Curculio, the best and most certain remedy was conceded to be jarring down on sheets, while the confinement of pigs and poultry was a valuable auxiliary, and where the insects were not abundant, sufficient inter with us than any other variety. itself; the trees being protected from the pigs by stakes or twigs of sweet-briars. It was stated that a chief reason why jarring had sometimes failed was the softened pounders used for striking the tree. A small limb should 5. All my strawberries have done well this season; be sawed off, leaving a short stump, against which a but Burr's new Pine has surpassed all in flavor and pro. sharp sudden blow may be given by a hammer or axe, ductiveness. We will see how it will compete next sea. without any injury to the tree. A quick sudden blow son, with "Walker's Seedling" which I have just re is necessary to loosen at once the hold of all the insects.ceived, and McAvoy's Superior, and some other new The use of lime had been found both troublesome and ineffectual, the least chafing between fruit and leaves being sufficient to wear off small portions of the lime, through which the insect quickly punctured the skin.

kinds.

6. Rivers' New Giant Raspberry has been the most productive berry of this kind on my ground; but being only the first season of trial, it ought not to be consider. ed conclusive. The Ohio Everbearing has fruited for its second crop, which the large fruited monthly has not done as yet. The large American White bears largely, and is a strong grower. R. G. P. Palmyra, N. Y., Sept., 1851.

ADVANTAGES OF DRAINING.-Edward Brooks of Bos

ton, stated at one of the Agricultural meetings, that af ter thoroughly underdraining a piece of wet ground, the soil not only became firm so as to bear a team, but that the crops may be started a fortnight earlier.

PAINTING ROOFs.-The roofs of all buildings should

be painted of as light a color as practicable. Dark colors or black, absorb the sun's rays, warp the shingles, and render the garret and upper rooms uncomfortably hot.

Yorker, that he erected a water-ram which sends water HYDRAULIC RAM.-J. J. Conet states in Moore's New 62 rods, at the rate of 15 gallons per hour, to his house and barns, elevating it 100 feet.

A Question about Young Fruit Trees. Two years ago I had a small orchard set out by an unskillful workman. Some of the trees were planted from four to six inches deeper than they stood in the nursery. Consequently they have grown very little. Would it be a good plan to take up these trees and reset them in the fall or next spring? Or is there some way of forcing new | roots to start near the surface? An answer through the Cultivator would greatly oblige, AN INEXPERIENCED FRUIT-GROWER. Steuben, Aug. 14, 1851.

[If, upon examination, these trees have not sent out a new set of roots nearer the surface, which is by no means probable, then the best course undoubtedly is to re-set them no deeper than they stood in the nursery. If done the present autumn, it would be prudent to bank up around them several inches till spring, not only for protection against mice, and stiffening against the wind, but for shielding the tender and newly uncovered bark from the severity of the winter.

Many trees are injured or destroyed by setting too deeply. A better practice is to dig very shallow holes or no holes at all, and to set the trees nearly or wholly on the surface, making a broad mound over the roots. This is the best treatment in all cases where the soil is rather wet or heavy. ED.]

Disease in Fruit Trees,

Can any of you fruit growers give information respecting a disease which has caused the death of several or the apple trees in my orchard during the past two years, and is new in this section of country? It attacks vigorous, growing young trees, from eight to ten inches in diameter, about the middle of 7th month. The first appearance of the disease is, the bark for about a foot from the ground turns black, and upon examination I found that portion of the trunk and the roots entirely dead, devoid of all sap or any appearance of life-the rest of the tree retaining its vitality and maturing autumn fruit as usual. By the ensuing spring, the trees die. At first, I attributed it to the 'borer,' but upon the closest scrutiny I could find no symptoms of their presence. The ground is in a high state of cultivation, and is occasion`ally left to grass. J. M. Quakertown, Pennsylvania.

Correction.

MR. EDITOR-I regret to be under the necessity of correcting the statement I made to you some few weeks since in my garden, that tanner's oil was a remedy for the black ant among my strawberry vines. It certainly seemed to be at the time, and for a week or two thereafter the remedy appeared to be perfect. But alas! the ants have returned to the same plants, and besides I find the oil results injuriously to the plants.

I am now trying a weak solution of the sulphate of potash, or a slight sprinkling of it pulverised, with some encouragement as far as I have observed its effects, but my continued acquaintance with the habits of the ant, (for it is the greatest pest I have,) will caution me against concluding from any present hopeful appearances that he can be effectually driven off with it.

The sulphate of potash decidedly invigorates the plants. R. G. PARDEE. Palmyra, July 7th, 1851.

Cultivation of the Blackberry.

EDS. CULTIVATOR-I enclose you a slip from to-day's N. American (of this city) relative to the culture of the blackberry near Boston. I am very desirous of obtaining some information about this matter, and not being a subscriber to any Boston Ag. Journal, I shall feel obliged to you to make inquiry about the time of transplanting it, method of culture, &c., of which I may avail myself through the columns of your Journal. Such information I think would be acceptable to your subscribers in this neighborhood. Yours, respectfully, ALGERNON ROBERTS. Philadelphia

[The slip was not received. The cultivation of im proved varieties of the blackberry is exciting increased attention in the vicinity of Boston. Hovey's Magazine states that several of the berries lately exhibited by J. LOVETT, of Beverly, measured one and a half inches in length. The same journal states that "a dozen vines, well established will yield sufficient fruit for an ordinary family."

S. W. COLE, of Boston, says, "We have seen this fruit sold at $1 a quart, that was not a whit better (though fine) than we have picked (a quart without We have measured bushes of one year's growth 10 moving from our steps) on new lands in Maine. feet high. We did not dream, in our boyhood, when tearing our legs among thousands of brambles, of ever seeing this fruit cultivated, and sold at enormous prices.

The blackberry ripens long in succession, coming in immediately after the raspberry. Owing to its great excellence, bees, wasps, flies, &c., claim a large share. Some blackberries are white, but they are as great an anomaly as a white blackbird, or white crow, which is seldom seen.

SOIL, PROPAGATION AND CULTURE.-The blackberry grows freely in a warm, tolerably dry or rather moist, deep, rich soil. It abounds among stones, old logs, fences, and natural hedges. Keep the land rich and mellow. Besides other manures, use ashes, leaves, and vegetable mould. It is propagated by seeds, and by offsets at the roots. Train up new wood, and cut away the old, to keep the bushes vigorous and productive.

HIGH BUSH, (Rubus villosus.) Fruit large; longovate; shining black; very tender, juicy, of a sweet, Growth straight and upright, then the tops become rerich, spirited, aromatic flavor, resembling the orange. cumbent. White blossoms. Downing's account of this fruit does not come up to the valuable wild variety in Maine.

Low BUSH, (Rubus canadensis.) Small; roundish or irregular; black or reddish-black; rather tart, but brisk, pleasant flavor.

The Manettii Rose for Stocks, Extract of a letter from an emiment florist in the South. I had long wanted to get the Manettii, and wrote to Philadelphia for it last spring, but failed. I confess I like the budded roses very much: the flowers are almost always large and fine; and though not so long-lived as when they grow on their own roots, yet it is not much trouble to bud them anew as often as we want a fresh supply. Besides this, there are some few varieties that I cannot get to flourish on their own roots. The Chromatella is one of these; but it succeeds well by budding, and produces a great quantity of fine flowers.

[With me, the Chromatella has grown well on its own roots-one stem, the growth of this season, is about 4 feet high-though possibly it might do better on another stock. D. T.]

The above is an excellent portrait of the present pre- | useful, practical examples he has afforded. siding officer of the New-York State Agricultural Society. Mr. DELAFIELD has been well known to our readers, and to the farming public of the country generally, for several years. He is known not only as an able and instructive writer, but as a most systematic, thorough and successful farmer-his farm having received the first premium of the N. Y. State Society in 1849. Hundreds of persons have visited his farm, and made themselves acquainted with its management, and many useful ideas and suggestions have been thus obtained, which, by being widely disseminated, have produced extensive results. In fact, Mr. DELAFIELD's labors in the improvement of agriculture, are highly appreciated by the people of NewYork. In the county of Seneca, in which he resides, he is acknowledged to have rendered important services in the introduction of improved implements of husbandry, and labor-saving machines-among which may be mentioned the drain-tile machine, which is producing immense benefits—and also in awakening a spirit of improvement by the diffusion of information, and by the numerous

Not least among his praiseworthy labors, is that of making an Agricultural Survey of Seneca County, a work which was undertaken at the request of the Executive Board of the State Agricultural Society, and was completed last year. The Report is embraced in the Transactions of the Society for 1850. It is a document of much interest and value, presenting in an admirable form the subjects to which it is devoted, and may, in this respect, be taken as a pattern for imitation.

In the discharge of his duties as President of the Society over which he presides, Mr. DELAFIELD has exhi bited the same good judgment and systematic skill which have ever characterised his business operations, and both in his management as an officer, and in his deportment as a citizen, has won the sincere esteem of those with whom he has been connected.

Preparations for winter should be made with as much dispatch as possible. Animals should be provided with vegetables and fruits should be secured against the attack shelter, tender plants shonld be properly protected,of frost.

Implements at the New-York State Fair.

tricts where wheat is largely cultivated, though the most striking and manifest advantage from their use, has been found in the newly-settled western states, where, from the scarcity of manual labor, it would have been absolutely impossible to have secured the harvests in the ordinary way of reaping or cradling.

The show of agricultural implements at the late Fair at Rochester, in respect to the variety of articles, and the extent of competition for the different kinds, was superior to any display we have ever witnessed. We have more than once remarked that improvements in The expediency of using these machines, depends, of agriculture in this country, have taken their rise more from the improvements which have been made in imple-what on the character of the surface of the land, that course, upon the circumstances of the farmer-somements, than from any other cause. The advance which

has taken place from the cause here alluded to, is valua- which is comparatively smooth and level being desirable ble in two important aspects: first, from the more tho--the number of acres of grain grown, and the readiness rough husbandry which has been induced, and the bet ter and more certain crops which have been obtained; and second, from the economy of labor, which the introduction of superior implements has brought about. On both these points the advantage gained has been very great, and the labor-saving principle-or at least the saving of manual labor-has been of incalculable benefit to the farmers of many sections of the country.

Prominent among implements of this character, which are of modern invention or introduction, are REAPING MACHINES. It is true, however, that machines designed for reaping grain by horse-power were tried in England fifty years ago, and also at several subsequent periods; but their practical use is of comparatively late origin, the credit, which we are proud to say, belongs to American mechanics. This assertion will not, it is presumed, be denied; but at the same time, it is no more than fair to admit that the previous attempts at the construction of such an implement, although falling short of the object, were doubtless highly useful in the development of principles, and in showing, to some extent, what was, and what was not practicable.

It is now several years since various reaping machines have been used to a large extent in this country. They have been used to more or less advantage in most dis

it will command. In the older and most populous secwith which hand-labor may be obtained, and the price tions of the country, where various crops are cultivated on the same farm, it is often the case that the farmer has no more wheat or other small grain, than can readily be cut in the proper stage by the hands ordinarily employed on the farm. If he has not more wheat, barley, or oats, than a machine can cut in a day or two, he will naturally conclude that it is inexpedient for him to purchase a machine at the cost of more than a hundred dollars for this purpose. It is still, however, a question whether this objection to the use of machines might not be advantage. ously overcome by the implement being owned by a man who might make cutting grain, by the acre, a regular business during the proper season.

It is known to our readers that two noted American

reaping machines, have been introduced into England during the present season, and that to one of these, Mr. MCCORMICK's, the great medal has been awarded at the Industrial Exhibition of all Nations. This machine, as well as that of Mr. HUSSEY's, has been subjected to various trials in England, with results highly satisfactory as to their operation, results which seem to have inspired a conviction that they can be extensively adopted in that country, notwithstanding the comparative cheapness of labor, with profit to the farmer-or at least with profit

to the class of farmers who produce grain on a large tus obviates the liability of the machine being clogged, scale.

DRILL MACHINES, OR SEED-PLANTERS.-In these implements there was a large display, embracing nearly all the machines of established character, and several of late introduction. We noticed Seymour's, manufactured by P. SEYMOUR, East-Bloomfield, Ontario county, (for cut and description, see Cultivator for 1850, p. 273,) which is much used in the western part of the state. The same person also offered his broadcast sowing machine, which has been described in this journal. Mr. SEYMOUR has also combined the broadcast apparatus with the drill, in one frame-the whole being so contrived that the grain is planted in drills, and clover and grass seed sown broad-lishments of RUGGLES, NOURSE & MASON, Worcester, cast at the same operation.

The drill made by BICKFORD and HUFFMAN, Macedon, N. Y., (described, with cut, in our current volume, p. 209,) was also exhibited. It appears to be simple and effective. W. ROWLAND, Brighton, N. Y., offered a machine constructed for the purpose of depositing portable manures-as lime, plaster, guano, ashes, ground bones, &c., in the drill with the grain. A drill offered by Ŵ. NICHOLS, Grimsby, C. W., appeared well. A drill made NATHAN IDE, Shelby, Orleans county, also made by LEVI WELLS, Rochester, is said to give good satisfaction. The same may be said of Atkins' drill, made by J. GANSON, Brockport. Gatling's drill, invented by R. J. GATLING, Indianapolis, Ind., in 1848, is somewhat peculiar in its construction, and is thought to possess some advantages. It combines to some extent the operations of the cultivator and drill. The process for distributing the seed is ingenious and effective. A series of screws, in the form of augurs, are so arranged that by their constant turning they deposit the seed in the drills with the utmost evenness and regularity. This appara. I tire satisfaction.