Lore," a paper by Dr. Gregor read to the Banffshire Field Club (see Banffshire Journal, 22 April, 1890); "Kilns, Mills, Millers, Meal and Bread," by Dr. Gregor, in the "Transactions of Buchan Field Club," 1892-95; and "On Folk-Lore Days and Seasons," by James Spence, "Transactions," iv. and v.

References to the "aucht-owsen" (eight-oxen) plough, also common in the north of Scotland at one time, appeared in the Banffshire Journal, 10 April and I May, 1900. A particular tune, it was mentioned, was a favourite with the ploughman and the "gaadster" (goadsman), who whistled merrily as they went along, the words being as follows

"Baulky land maks girsy corn,

An' girsy corn maks a hole i' the kist,
An' a hole i' the kist maks hungry wives,
An' hungry wives maks hungry lads,

An' hungry lads maks flobbery wark,
An' flobbery wark it winna do-

Noo, wyn, Hawkie, dinna boo!"

In explanation of the terms used in these lines, it was stated that baulky land was such as the plough failed to turn over; hence, "a hole i' the kist." "Wyn" was addressed to oxen when the driver wished them to come towards him, the opposite being "hep off” or “haup.” "Come aither" and "weesh were the words used respectively in later times. "Dinna boo" means "Gae fair oot the gate."

A modern survey of Buchan would not be complete without some allusion to the distinctions attained by its sons, particularly in the fields of scholarship and literature. Mention, however, has been made throughout the work-in the text or in footnotes-of several Buchan men of note, particularly authors; and, as regards scholars, it will suffice here to cite for reference an article on "Buchan Students Past and Present" in the Peterhead Sentinel, 14 April, 1896. Among the distinguished students therein enumerated are Professor Charles Niven, Aberdeen ; Principal Cook, Government College, Bangalore; Professor A. F. Murison, London; and Mr. Peter Giles, Cambridge. Mr. Giles, who is a native of Strichen, is now University Reader in Comparative Philology at Cambridge, and a Fellow and Classical Lecturer of Emmanuel College. Professor Niven, who occupies the Chair of Natural Philosophy at Aberdeen University, was a

Senior Wrangler, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society. He is a member of a very remarkable Peterhead family, his elder brother, Mr. William D. Niven, LL.D., C.B., Director of Studies at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, having also gained a Wranglership and being also an F.R.S.; and two other brothers being distinguished members of the medical profession. The most brilliant scholar that Buchan ever produced, however, was probably Thomas Davidson, a native of Fetterangus, who acquired a high reputation in America by his philosophical and educational writings. He died at Montreal on 14th September, 1900, and the Spectator of the 6th October had a striking article upon him, in which he was alluded to as one of the most gifted and remarkable men of the latter half of this century," "one of the dozen most learned men on this planet." In theology, Buchan is worthily represented by Dr. A. B. Davidson, Professor of Hebrew, New College, Edinburgh (a native of Ellon); in divinity by Rev. Dr. William Mair, Earlston (native of Savoch), Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, 1897; in law by Mr. James Ferguson, yr., of Kinmundy, Sheriff of Argyle; and in medicine by Sir James Reid (Ellon), Physician in Ordinary to the Queen, and Dr. Charles Creighton (Peterhead), author of "A History of Epidemics in Britain." Of Buchan men abroad, mention may be made of Mr. John Johnston, banker, Milwaukee (an Auchnagatt man), who is prominently connected with the University of Wisconsin; while the present Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States, Mr. David Bremner Henderson, hails from Old Deer.