the gluten.

From here the starch-phate of barium may be used, or any milk is conveyed to the inclined other barium salt forming an insoluble starch tables G, and is then carried combination. into a channel at the head of the series of tables where it is comminuted by a revolving knife, water being admitted at the same time. The paste is conveyed to the mixing reservoir K provided with a stirring apparatus, and finally into the settling box L, where it is washed. To produce glucose the starch is brought into the open converter L, drawn off into the holder M, and here neutralized. The fluid is then conducted through the settling box M' and the bag-filter M' into the reservoir M', and bleached. From M' the fluid passes through the bag-filter N' to N' and O, is filtered through animal charcoal, and then pumped into the vacuum pan Q, where it is concentrated. After passing through the filtering press R, it is ready to be drawn into barrels.

For preparing hard grape sugar (dextrose), the solution of sugar is conveyed from the closed converter L into the reservoir T, then to T' where it is neutralized and bleached, and finally into the settling box M. From here it is passed through the bag-filter M2 into the reservoir M3, filtered, then pumped into M', where it is bleached and filtered through N into N'. From the latter it is conveyed to O, and is either filtered through the carbon filter P or brought directly into the vacuum pan Q. The concentrated fluid is filtered through filter-presses into U, and passes from here into the cooling apparatus. SV and V' are the steam apparatus and furnace for revivifying the animal charcoal. In the cooling apparatus S the hot cream-like sugar is kept in constant motion by a screw, and cooled off by serpentine pipes. Solidification is accelerated by throwing in finished sugar.

To Remove Gypsum from Solutions of Glucose produced with the aid of Sulphuric Acid. The solution of glucose formed by boiling the starch with dilute sulphuric acid is, after being neutralized with chalk, filtered, compounded with oxalate of barium and boiled down. The solution, after filtering, is entirely free from gypsum. In place of oxalate of barium, phos

Re

Preparation of Pure Levulose. Prepare a 10 per cent. solution of cane sugar, add for every 100 parts of sugar 2 parts of hydrochloric acid, and heat to 140° F. At this temperature the fluid remains entirely colorless. The conversion into grape and fruit sugars takes place very slowly and regularly, 1 pounds of sugar requiring about 17 hours. After complete conversion a 12 per cent. solution of inverted sugar is obtained. Allow the fluid to cool slowly to about 23° F. Then add to every 10 parts of sugar 6 parts of slaked lime pulverized and passed through a hair sieve, mix and stir thoroughly. The fluid congeals to a paste, the temperature rising about 2 degrees. Then press out the paste in order to separate the liquid lime-compound of grape sugar from the solid lime-compound of fruit sugar. place the latter in water and press it out again, repeating the operation as long as the wash-water turns to the right. The remaining mixture of lime-compound of levulose and excess of lime is suspended in water and saturated with oxalic acid until the lime-compound is accurately neutralized. The scarcely yellowish colored fluid is then filtered off from the oxalate of lime into a large beaker glass and placed in a cold mixture of snow and hydrochloric acid. Stir thoroughly until about of the water is frozen. Then throw the whole upon a linen filter, and, as soon as the greater part of the fluid is drained off, press out the residue. Replace the combined filtrates in the cold mixture and repeat the whole process until a very concentrated solution of levulose is obtained, and then dry the levulose syrup in a vacuum. Levulose thus obtained is pure and white.

A New Source for Supplying Mannite is, according to W. Thörner, the Agaricus integer, a common and easily recognized fungus. Boil out the comminuted fungus with fresh quantities of alcohol until the extracts, on cooling, separate no more crystals. The crystalline mass, consisting of separated mannite, is redissolved in alcohol and

Purification of Sugar Beet Juice by means of Silica Hydrate. Heat the juice nearly to the boiling point and compound it with to 2 parts of silica hydrate of 10° B. to every 100 parts of juice, the quantity depending on the organic substances and organic alkaline combinations in the juice. In about 5 minutes add to the mixture 0.004 per cent. of lime in the form of milk of lime (or air-slaked) and then let it come to a boil. Remove the resulting precipitate by pressing and treat the filtrate like other juice, i. e., filter and boil down.

un

boiled with animal charcoal. From perature will, if continued for a longer the filtered fluid the mannite crystal-period, slightly change the color of lizes in snow-white needles. One hun- white wool, cotton, silk, and dred parts of Agaricus integer yield bleached linen, but will not otherwise from 19 to 20 parts of mannite. injure them. A heat of 293° F., continued for about 3 hours, slightly singes white wool, and less so unbleached and white cotton, white silk, and linen, both unbleached and white, but does not materially injure their appearance. The same heat continued for about 5 hours singes and injures the appearance of white wool and cotton, unbleached linen, white silk, and some colored fabrics of wool, or mixed wool and cotton, or mixed wool and silk. It is noteworthy that the singeing of any fabric depends not alone upon the heat used, but also on the time during which it is exposed. In these experiments the heat was obtained by burning gas with smokeless flames, and conducting the products of combustion, mixed with the heated air, by means of a short horizontal flue into a cubical chamber through an aperture in its floor, and out of it by a smaller opening in its roof. Fixed thermometers showed the temperature of the entering and outgoing currents, which represent the maximum and minimum temperatures of the chambers.

To Prepare Strontia Sugar from Treacle and Syrup. By using 3 molecules of strontia to 1 molecule of sugar strontium saccharate is precipitated at the boiling point under ordinary or higher pressure. The precipitate is separated from the fluid in a hot condition and washed with hot water. The strontium saccharate thus obtained is decomposed by water at a lower temperature into basic saccharate and free strontium hydrate. The strontium saccharate is used for separating beet juice and other sacchariferous juices.

TEXTILE FABRICS AND TISSUES.

Coating Textile Fabrics with Metallic Substances. Fine comminuted metallic powder is mixed with an adhesive substance, as caoutchouc, etc., and the mixture applied either by hand or machine to the textile fabric, which is then dried and glazed. After glazing a pattern may be either pressed or printed upon the fabric.

Effect of Heat on Textile Fabrics. Recent experiments have shown that white wool, cotton, and silk may be heated to 248° F. for 3 hours without apparent injury, except that wool will show a slight change in color, especially when new. The same may be said of dyed wools, printed cottons, and most dyed silks; but some white silks turn brown by this heat, and some pink silks are faded by it. The same tem

Feather-plush. A process has recently been patented in Germany whereby finely comminuted down is worked with textile materials into a fur-like fabric, in lengths of about 50 yards by 2 yards in width. The down may also be used in the manufacture of light bed-covers, wall-papers, etc., and for this feathers of little or no value and formerly considered useless can be utilized. The process is as follows: The feathers are comminuted by a machine representing a combination of a batting machine, fan and sieves. The resulting down is then carded in a carding engine together with 40 to 90 per cent. of other material and formed into a close fleece. By mechanical friction and the aid of steam the fleece is joined together in large pieces of a kind of felt, which is then converted into a cloth-like material by the fulling process. The resulting fabric is then thoroughly dried and steamed for some time at a very high temperature in a closed steam-box, resembling an appa

ratus for shrinking cloth. By this pro- | after the drawing has been removed, cess an intimate union is formed be- is washed. A very fusible metal, the tween the down and the other materials, Spence metal being the best adapted the fabric assuming at the same time a for the purpose, is then poured over the plush-like appearance, which can be chrome-gelatine surface. The casting very much varied in the finishing. can be directly used, or fac-similes are prepared with the help of this metalplate, either by the galvanoplastic or some other process.