5+7=12; read 5 and 7 added togeth SUBTRACTION TABLE. 3 from 3 leave 0 3 from 4 from 4 leave 0 4 from 5 leave 1 4 from 6 leave 2 4 from 7 leave 3 4 from 8 leave 4 4 from 9 leave 5 4 from 10 leave 6 4 from 11 leave 7 4 from 12 leave 8 4 from 13 leave 9 7 from 7 leave 0 7 from 8 leave 1 7 from 9 leave 2 7 from 10 leave 3 2 from 2 leave 0 2 from 3 leave 1 2 from 4 leave 2 2 from 5 leave 3 2 from 6 leave 4 4 leave 1 2 from 7 leave 5 2 from 8 leave 6 2 from 9 leave 7 2 from 10 leave 8 2 from 11 leave 9 5 from 5 leave 0 5 from 6 leave 1 5 from 7 leave 2 5 from 8 leave 3 5 from 9 leave 4 5 from 10-leave 5 5 from 11 leave 6 5 from 12 leave 7 5 from 13 leave 8. 5 from 14 leave 9 8 from 8 leave 0 8 from 9 leave 1 8 from 10 leave 2 8 from 11 leave 3 8 from 12 leave 4 8 from 13 leave 5 8 from 14 leave 6 8 from 15 leave 7 7 leave 4 8.leave 5 9 leave 6 3 from 10 leave 7 3 from 11 leave 8 3 from 12 leave 9 6 from 6 leave 0 6 from 7 leave 1 6 from 8 leave 2 6 from 9 leave 3 6 from 10 leave 4 7 from 11 leave 4 ? 8 from 16 leave 8 8 from 17 leave 9 Sign. A short horizontal line, is the sign of subtraction; it is usually read minus, which is a Latin word signifying less. It shows that the number after it is to be taken from the number before it; thus, 6—2=4, read 6 less 2 is equal to 4, or 2 subtracted from 6 leaves 4. 5 times 10 are 50 5 times 11 are 55 5 times 12 are 60 8 times 1 are 8 8 times 2 are 16 8 times 3 are 24 8 times 4 are 32 8 times 5 are 40 8 times 6 are 48 8 times 7 are 56 8 times 8 are 64 8 times 9 are 72 8 times 10 are 80 8 times 11 are 88 8 times 12 are 96 11 times 1 are 11 11 times 2 are 22 11 times 3 are 33 11 times 4 are 44 11 times 5 are 55 11 times 6 are 66 11 times 7 are 77 11 times 8 are 88 3 are 4 are 36 27 9 times 9 times 5 are 6 are 46 54 7 are 63 8 are 72 10 times 10 times 10 times 3 are 30 10 times 10 times 5 are 10 times 6 are 10 times 7 are 70 10 times 8 are 80 10 times 9 are 90 10 times 10 are 100 10 times 11 are 110 10 times 12 are 120 12 times 5 are 12 times 6 are 12 times 7 are 12 times 8 are 12 times 9 are 108 12 times 10 are 120 12 times I are 132 12 times 12 are 144 I are 2 are 10 20 Sign. Two short lines crossing each other in the form of the letter X, are the sign of multiplication; thus, 4x3=12, signifies that 4 multiplied by 3 is equal to 12. 2 in 2, 1 time 2 in 4, 2 times 2 in 6, 3 times 2 in 8, 4 times 2 in 10, 5 times 2 in 12, 6 times 2 in 14, 7 times 2 in 16, 8 times 2 in 18, 9 times 6 in 6, 1 time 6 in 12, 2 times 6 in 18, 3 times 6 in 24, 4 times 6 in 30, 5 times 6 in 36, 6 times 3 in DIVISION TABLE. 3, I time 4 in 4, 1 time 6 in 42, 7 times 7 in 49, 7 times 6 in 48, 8 times 7 in 56, 8 times 6 in 54, 9 times 7 in 63, 9 times 10 in 10, 1 time 5 in 5, 1 time 5 in 10, 2 times 5 in 15, 3 times 5 in 20, 4 times 5 in 25, 5 times 5 in 30, 6 times 5 in 35, 7 times 5 in 40, 8 times 5 in 45, 9 times 9 in 9, 1 time 9 in 18, 2 times 9 in 27, 3 times 9 in 36, 4 times 9 in 45, 5 times 9 in 54, 6 times 9 in 63, 7 times 9 in 72, 8 times 9 in 81, 9 times 12 in 12, 1 time 12 in 24, 2 times 11 in 11, 1 time 10 in 20, 2 times 10 in 30, 3 times 10 in 40, 4 times 10 in 50, 5 times 10 in 60, 6 times 11 in 66, 6 times 12 in 84, 7 times 12 in 96, 8 times 11 in 99, 9 times 12 in 108, 9 times Signs. A horizontal line with a dot above and below it,, is the sign of division. It shows that the number before it is to be divided by the number after it; thus, 12÷4-3 signifies that 12 divided by 4 is equal to 3. Also, thedivis or placed under the dividend with a line be12 tween,- is the sign of division. 4' Note. The scholar should perfectly understand the signs. TABLES OF COMPOUND NUMBERS. Troy Weight. * By Troy weight are weighed Gold, Silver, Jewels, and all liquors. 24 grains (grs.) make 1 pennyweight, marked pwt. 20 pwts. 12 ounces make 1 ounce, make 1 pound, Apothecaries Weight. Avoirdupoise weight is the common weight, used in weighing all coarse and drossy goods, grocery-wares, and all metals except gold and silver. The fineness of Gold is tried by fire, and is reckoned in carats, by which is understood the 24th part of any quantity. If it lose nothing in the trial, it is called 24 carats fine: if it lose 2 carats, it is called 22 carats fine, which is the stand ard of gold coin. Silver which loses nothing in trial, is accounted 12 ounces fine. The standard for silver coin is 11 oz. 2 pwts. of fine silver and 18 pwts. of copper melted to gether. 16 drams (dr.) make 1 ounce, make 1 pound 16 ounces 28 pounds 4 quarters 20 cwt. marked oz. make 1 quarter of a hund. weight, qr. make 1 hundred weight, marked cwt. make 1 Ton, CC T. Note. By this Table it will be perceived that a hundred weight is 112 pounds; but in many places, especially in seaports, traders buy and sell by the 100 lbs. which is also established by law in several states. Cloth Measure. Cloth measure is used in measuring all kinds of cloth, lace, &c. Dry measure is used in measuring grain, salt, fruit, coal, Note. A gallon, dry measure, contains 268 cubic inches; a bushel contains 2150 cubic inches. Wine Measure. Wine measure is used in measuring all spirituous liquors, molasses, vinegar, oil, &c. 231 cubic inches make a gallon. 4 gills (gi.) make 1 pint, marked pt. 2 pints make 1 quart, 4 quarts make 1 gallon, 31 gallons make 1 barrel, 42 gallons make 1 tierce, tier. 63 gallons make 1 hogshead, |