No. 20.-The tile shown in this sketch was obtained from St. Audoen's, Dublin, in 1887. Its pattern is impressed and covered with the usual vitrified material. No. 21.-The design would be better represented with thicker dark lines. It was found in Christ Church Cathedral, and a triangular half tile, similarly figured, came from St. Patrick's. It affords a good illustration of a simple geometric pattern. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Works of RefeRENCE RELATING TO TILES OBTAINED IN VARIOUS PARTS OF ENGLAND. "Oxford Glossary of Architecture" contains an Article by the late Albert Way, Esq., Director of the Society of Antiquaries. "Examples of Decorative Tiles." By John Gough Nicholls, F.S.A. Published in four parts, 4to, 1845. Representing 101 examples of Tiles obtained from sixty different places. Engraved in facsimile, with twentynine pages of descriptive letterpress. "Specimens of Tile Pavements drawn from existing Authorities." By Henry Shaw, F.S.A., 1858. In imperial 4to. Giving descriptions of 48 different patterns of tiles. "The Uses and Teachings of Ancient Encaustic Tiles." By Frank Renaud, M.D., F.S.A. In the "Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society," vol. ix. 1892. Illustrated by twentyfour full-sized reproductions of heraldic and other specially interesting tiles. This is a valuable paper, and I owe Dr. Renaud special acknowledgments for a large series of coloured drawings of English tiles which he gave me. "Armorial Tiles found in Worcestershire." By Rev. A. S. Porter. Published in the Transactions of the "Worcester Architectural and Archæological Society," vol. xix. "Encaustic Tiles of the Middle Ages, especially those found in the South of Hampshire." By B. W. Greenfield, F.S.A. From the "Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club." Containing illustrations of ninety-two different tiles. I am indebted to Mr. Greenfield for a copy of this paper which he sent me. "Strata Marcella Abbey, Wales." Nineteen tiles from this Abbey are figured in a Paper by J. W. Williams, Esq., describing the Excavations made under his superintendence in 1890. Published in the "Montgomeryshire Collections," vol. xxv. Mr. Oldham, in his Work on Irish Tiles, gives references to several authorities of earlier date, which it is needless to republish, as they can be consulted, if desired, by examining his Notes. Miscellanea. Danish Spear-head.-The flint spear-head here illustrated has nothing in itself to commend it more than others of the same type and fashion that are found in Sweden and Denmark, and are met with in all collections of Scandinavian stone antiquities. But it is of extreme interest to both Irish and Danish archæologists because of its having been found in Ireland: not purchased yesterday and brought home by a collector or dealer, but dug up from the bottom of a dried-up lake at Scarriff, in the county Clare, by John O'Brien, a peasant farmer, who lives near Tullow. It is unquestionably of Danish origin, made of flint peculiar in colour and texture to Denmark, and is altogether foreign to the South of Ireland. Irish antiquaries are familiar with gold and bronze ornaments of Scandinavian origin, found from time to time in this country, the decoration, form, character, and workmanship of which distinguish them from their Celtic companions. But this is the first example in stone that I have either heard of or met with whose original home can with certainty be assigned to Denmark, and whose original owner must have been among the very first of the adventurous and plucky bands of sailorsoldiers, freebooters, pirates, or whatever else they were, who made descents upon our eastern and western seaboards, and left the terror of their name as a legacy to the little scattered tribal families who then inhabited the shores of our harbours, river estuaries, and inland lakes. How long this spear-head, with broken point, lay in its old lake bed we will leave others to conjecture, but the fact remains that there it was found, and that it adds a link of stone to the gold, the bronze, and the iron chain that had already united two countries, so far apart, and yet so close in their ancient and old-time intercourse. The old lake bed at Scarriff is not far from the mouth of the River Shannon, whose sheltered waters and quiet harbours would have afforded a welcome anchorage to the Danish Viking's ship, while he with his crew would have started upon their predatory inroad upon the adjacent country. It is more than probable that it was in some such raid that this weapon, and possibly its owner, were lost in what may then have been the lake with its island crannog. The spear-head is of grey flint, and measures 5 inches in extreme length, and 1 inches at widest part of the blade.— ROBERT DAY, F.S.A., Vice-President. The Seal of Emly.-"The ancient seal of the chapter of Emly, now in possession of Mr. William Morgan, at Ross Hill, Kildysart, county Clare, |