such champions having been employed in the judicial duels carried on by the ancient Irish under the regulations prescribed by the Brehon Laws. So far as I know, no express treatise on the subject has come down to us. In other countries during the Middle Ages the Campiones1 were regarded as infamous, and were refused Christian burial.

As to the rest of inscription (1), it is impossible to speak with certainty, owing to the loss of the final characters; but it appears to contain the name COBRAN. Two saints of that name are commemorated in the Martyrology of Donegal, viz. Cobran of Cluain, on July 19th, and Cobran of Cluain-Cuallachta, on August 2nd. According to the Treatise De Matribus Sanctorum Hiberniæ, as it appears in the Book of Leinster, Cobran was the name of one of the sons of Minchloth, sister of S. Columba; and in the same treatise3 we find the name in a compound form, Aedchobran, one of the sons of Bochra and Fidlin.

2

The second inscription is quite perfect, and presents no difficulty as to reading. It contains two names, each of which is found on another monument in Kerry.

DUMELI is manifestly identical with Ddumileas, which occurs preceded by Maqi on one of the inscribed stones in the Cave of Dunloe; and it shows beyond doubt that the first four Ogam strokes of the name in the latter inscription are to be read as DD, and not as c.

GLASICONAS, preceded as here by Maqi, occurs in one of the Ballintaggart inscriptions. It was imperfectly read, or misread, by Ogamists who have previously noticed it, but the inscription now before us completely demonstrates the accuracy of my reading, with which it agrees in every letter.

Glascon would be the regular genitive of Glascu. The I is merely euphonic The As I take to be an Ogamic termination, added either through pedantry or more probably to disguise the name, inasmuch as the character was a cryptic one. Of a genitive in on without the suffix as, from a nominative in cu, we have an example in the case of the remarkable monument bearing the inscription Moinena maqi Olacon, where Olacon is the genitive of Olchu, the name of S. Brendan's grandfather.

Maqi Glasiconas stands for a Tribe name, which we meet with in the Tain Bo Dartada.1

"They then took leave of the King [Ailill], and set out on their way to their own country. Eochaidh encountered the three sons of Glaschu of Irris Domnann; seven score champions was their number. They tried battle with him. They met at Inse na Conchada in Meath,

1 Ducange, s. V.

2 Page 372, col. 1.

3 Ib., p. 372, col. 2. (See my Paper on the recently discovered Ballinvoher Ogam, Proc. R.I.A., 3rd series, vol. iii., No. 2.)

4" Prey of the Cows of Dartad," p. 2-from O'Curry's Translation.

5 Irros Domnann is now the Barony of Erris, county Mayo.-Reeves, Adamn., p. 31, n.; Annals of the Four Masters.

and there Eochaidh Beg, the son of Carpry, fell, and his forty fostersons along with him."

In the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick' we read of Glaisiuc, one of the saint's household. This may be regarded as equivalent to Glaschu, just as Milchu, the name of St. Patrick's master, appears as Miliuc or Miliucc.2

I have not attempted to identify the names contained in this inscription with any individuals. The monument exhibits no cross.

The reader will observe that I have not attempted to deal with the end of the first line, which is unfortunately incomplete. I had hoped that Mr. M'Quinn would be able to recover the portion of the stone which was broken off at the time when the monument was moved from the position in which it was discovered.

Or, followed by some vowel, and, perhaps, two or three more letters, may have formed a separate word, or may have been an additional element entering into composition with Cobran. But I advise Ogamists not to suppose that we have here ora or orait, meaning "pray" or "prayer." Or ar or Or do always appears at the commencement of the ancient Irish inscriptions into which it enters.

Conjecture in such cases is as likely to mislead as to guide.

1 Stokes, Trip., p. 162.

2 Book of Armagh, fol. 2. b. 1 (Stokes, Trip., p. 275); fol. 9. a. 2 (Stokes, Trip., p. 302); fol. 15. b. 1 (Stokes, Trip., p. 330).

THE ANTIQUITIES FROM KINGSTOWN TO DUBLIN,

BY REV. G. T. STOKES, D.D., M.R.I.A.

(Continued from page 356, Part 4, Vol. III., Fifth Series, 1893.)

T HERE is a famous well in Monkstown called Juggy's Well. This, doubtless, was the ancient water supply of the cottagers of Carrickbrenan, but whence its name has been derived I know not. The immediate district, however, between Monkstown, Blackrock, and Stillorgan abounded with wells which have left their traces in place-names and townland denominations, and some of which still exist. Tipperstown, or Ballytipper, is the ancient Celtic name for the townland where Stillorgan Station stands. I do not know where the well in that case was situated, though it is now very well represented by the Vartry Reservoir. Tobberbawn, or Clear Well, is the name of a townland between Upper Kill-of-the-Grange and Cabinteely, where a beautifully clear limpid well exists to this day, and is to this day used as a holy well; and if any persons wish to see how near to the city of Dublin the use of holy wells still prevails, just let them take a walk to the village of Kill, and ask for Tobberbawn and the holy well, and there they can see a sacred well whose Celtic name indicates its hoar antiquity, and there, too, they can see an aged thornbush covered with votive rags, a sight which will raise for the inquiring archæological mind some curious questions-as, for instance, what is the meaning and object of the rags? Professor Sayce told me he had found the same custom of offering rags at sacred wells among the Mahometans of Arabia and Egypt. Tobberbawn then will help an intelligent antiquary to connect together the farthest East and the most distant West. Perhaps some of our members will be able to throw light on this point of holy wells near Dublin, and tell us to-night if there is any sacred well, still used as such, nearer to the city than Tobberbawn.2

There is another well, however, which lies still more directly in the line of our archæological investigations. After the traveller leaves Monkstown or Salthill station the train next carries him to Seapoint.

Then

1 It has been suggested to me that the name Juggy's Well was simply a corrupt form of the Latin words "Jugis aqua," the "ever-flowing or perennial well." Others, however, who are acquainted with the district, declare with more probability that Juggy was the name of an old woman who, in the early years of this century, used to sit here and, in an unlicensed manner, sell whiskey which was used with the water, as at Killarney. The well has been lately closed for public use.

I understand that thirty years ago there was a holy well still used at Milltown, near the Dodder. Dalton, in his "History of the County Dublin," has more on this point.

3 The name Salthill is no mere fancy one, but embodies in itself an historical fact, i, e, that down to the year 1833 salt was made in salt-pans on the shore at the spot

when Seapoint station is left behind, the train passes under Toberneaterrace. This is the third Tober or Tipper, the Irish word for well, which occurs in the district under review. It is no fancy name given for no particular reason whatsoever, but it is an ancient name derived from an ancient well of special purity and coolness, celebrated in times when woods and forests covered the whole country up to the Three Rock Mountain, as Tobernea, or the Well of the Deer, the well where the wandering deer of the Dublin mountains and forests came to quench their thirst. That well is still flowing, is still used, and will be found enclosed in the grounds of Newtown House, the residence of my friend and parishioner Mr. Arthur Andrews.

This well, too, proved attractive to animals of a higher type than deer. In the later years of the eighteenth century, say about the year, 1780, Seapoint was a thoroughly rural spot, with just two or three demesnes around. A large boarding-house was therefore built close by Tobernea well, which served as the water supply so needful for such an institution. This boarding-house lasted till well within living memory, when it was pulled down, and then, largely with its materials, the present Tobernea-terrace, overlooking the railway, was built by the late Captain Betham. And now let me show you a picture of what we may call a modern antiquity. This boarding-house was kept in the year 1808 by a Mrs. Medlicott, and fashionable balls were there given during the summer season to select parties of visitors. And now behold one of the ball tickets for an assembly held in the summer of 1808, and note well the details given upon that ticket :—

MRS. MEDLICOTT,

RESPECTFULLY announces that (by particular desire) her

BALL,

At SEA-POINT NEW-ROOMS, BLACK-ROCK,

WILL BE ON

MONDAY, 25th JULY, 1808,

On which occasion she takes the liberty of soliciting the
honor of your interest.

GENT. Half-a-Guinea,

LADIES Three-half-Crowns,

}

each, for Ball, Negus,
and Refreshments.

I have said that about 1780, Seapoint and the adjoining streets and

where, in modern days, the ladies' bathing-place stood, and where now the sewage works are being erected. The Rev. Maxwell Close informs me that he remembers seeing the salt-pans there in the summer of 1833.

L