De tribus tutelæ et curæ oneribus. V. Item tria onera tutelæ non affectatæ, vel curæ, præstant vacationem, quamdiù administrantur: ut tamen, plurium pupillorum tutela vel 'cura eorundem bonorum, veluti fratrum, pro unâ computetur. 5. Three tutelages or curatorships unsolicited, excuse during their continuance, from the burden of a fourth. But the tutelage or curation of many pupils, as of several brothers, under one patrimony, is reck→ oned as one only. De ignorantiâ testatoris. X. Non esse autem admittendam excusationem ejus, qui hoc solo utitur, quod ignotus patri pupillorum sit, Divi fratres rescripse runt. 10. The divine brothers have enacted by their rescript, that the pretence of being unknown to the fa ther of a pupil is not of itself a suffi.. cient excuse. De inimicitiis cum patre pupilli vel adulti, § XI. Inimicitiæ, quas quis cum patre pupillorum vel adultorum exercuit, si capitales fuerunt, nec reconciliatio intervenit, à tutelâ vel curâ solent excusare. § 11. A capital enmity, against the father of a pupil or adult, unreconciled, is usually considered as an excuse from tutelage or curatorship. De status controversiâ à patre pupilli illatâ. § XII. Item is, qui status controversiam à pupillorum patre passus est, excusatur à tutelâ. § 12. Also he, whose condition hath been controverted by the father of the pupil, is excused from the tutelage. De ætate. § XIII. Item major septuaginta annis à tutelâ et curâ se potest excusare. Minores autem viginti quinque annis olim quidem excusabantur: nostrâ autem constitutione prohibentur ad tutelam vel curam adspirare adeò ut nec excusatione opus sit. Quà constitutione cavetur, ut nec pupillus ad legitimam tutelam vocetur, nec adultus: cum sit incivile, eos, qui alieno auxilio in rebus suis administrandis egere noscuntur, et ab aliis reguntur, aliorum tutelam vel curam subire. De XIV. Idem et in milite observadum est, ut nec volens ad tutelæ onus admittatur. § 13. Persons above seventy yearsof age, may be excused from tutelage and curation. Also minors were formerly excusable; but, by our constitution, they are now prohibited from aspiring to these trusts; so that excuses are become unnecessary. By the same constitution, neither pupils, nor adults, shall be called even to a legal tutelage. For it is absurd that persons, who are themselves governed, and need assistance in the administration of their own affairs, should be admitted, either as tutors or curators, to manage the affairs of others. militiâ. 14. Note also, that no military person, although willing, can be admitted tutor or curator. De grammaticis, rhetoribus, et medicis. § XV. Item Romæ grammatici, rhetores, et medici, et qui in patriâ sua has artes exercent, et intra numerum sunt, à tutelâ et curà habent vacationem. §15. At Rome, grammarians, rhetoricians, and physicians, and they who exercise such professions in their own country, within the number authorised, are exempted from tutelage and curation. De tempore et modo proponendi excusationes.... § XVI. Qui autem se vult excusare, si plures habeat excusationes, et de quibusdam non probaverit, aliis uti, intra tempora constituta, non prohibetur. Qui autem excusare se volunt, non appellant, sed intra quinquaginta dies continuos, ex quo cognoverint se tutores vel curatores datos, se excusare debent, cujuscunque generis sint ; id est, qualitercunque dati fuerint tutores, si intra centesimum lapidem sint ab eo loco, ubi tutores dati sunt. Si vero ultra centesimum lapidem habitant, dinumeratione factâ viginti millium diurnorum, et amplius triginta dierum; qui tamen, ut Scævola dicebat, sic debent compu ́tari, ne minus sint, quam quinquaginta dies. A 16. He who can allege many ex cuses, and hath failed in his proof of some, is not prohibited from assigning others within the time prescribed. But tutors and curators of whatever kind, whether legal, testamentary, or dative, (if desirous to excuse themselves), ought not to pre-: fer an appeal from their appointment; but they should exhibit their excuses before the proper magistrate, within fifty days after they are certified of their nomination, if they are within an hundred miles from the place of nomination. But, if they are distant more than an hundred miles, they are allowed a day for every twenty miles, and thirty days besides; which, taken together, ought never, according to Scævola, to make a less number of days than fifty. De excusatione pro parte patrimonii. § XVII. Datus autem tutor ad universum patrimonium datus esse creditur. 17. When a tutor is appointed, he is considered as having the care of the whole patrimony of his pupil. De tutelæ gestione. § XVIII. Qui tutelam alicujus gessit, invitus curator ejusdem fieri non compellitur; in tantum ut, licet pater-familias, qui testamento tutorem dedit, adjecerit se eundem 18. A tutor of a minor, can not be compelled to become his curator: and, by the rescript of the emperors Severus and Antoninus, although the father of a family should, by testa Qui suspecti fieri possunt. § II. Ostendimus, qui possunt de suspecto cognoscere; nunc videamus, qui suspecti fieri possint; et possunt quidem omnes tutores fieri suspecti, sive sint testamentarii, sive non sint, sed alterius generis tutores. Quare etsi legitimus fuerit tutor, accusari poterit. Quid si patronus? Adhuc idem erit dicendum: dummodo meminerimus, famæ patroni parcendum esse, licet ut suspectus remotus fuerit. § 2. We have shewn what magistrates may take cognisance of suspect, ed persons: let us now inquire, what persons may become suspected. And all tutors may become so, whether testamentary, or other. For even a legal tutor may be accused; so may a patron: but we must remember, that, as such, his reputation must be spared, although he be removed from his trust, as a suspected person. Qui possunt suspectos postulare. § III. Consequens est, ut videamus, qui possint suspectos postulare. Et sciendum est, quasi publicam esse hanc accusationem; hoc est, omnibus patere. Quinimo mulieres admittuntur ex rescripto divorum Severi et Antonini; sed he solæ, quæ, pietatis necessitudine ductæ, ad hoc procedunt: ut puta mater, nutrix quoque et avia: potest et soror. Sed et, si qua alia mulier fuerit, quam prætor propenså pietate intellexerit, sexûs verecundiam non egredientem, sed pietate productam, non sustinere injuriam pupillorum, admittet eam ad accusationem. § 3. Let us then inquire, by whom suspected persons may be accused. Now an accusation of this sort is of a public nature, and open to all. For, by a rescript of the emperors Severus and Antoninus, even women are admitted to be accusers; yet such only, as are induced by their duty, or by their relation to the minor; thus a mother, a nurse, or a grand-mother, or a sister, may become accusers. But the prætor can at discretion admit any woman, who acting with becoming modesty, but impatient of wrongs offered to pupils, appears to have no other motive, than to relieve the injured. An pubes vel impubes. § IV. Impuberes non possunt tutores suos suspectos postulare: puberes autem curatores suos ex consilio necessariorum suspectos possunt arguere: et ita Divi Severus et Antoninus rescripserunt. 4. No pupil can bring an accusation of suspicion against his tutor; but adults, by the rescript of Severus and Antoninus, are permitted, when they act by advice of persons related to them, to accuse their curc tors. (Prochein ami.) |